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Not yet recruitingNCT07844421Updated Sep 28, 2026

Comparison of Sarcopenia Index, Diaphragm Ultrasonography, and Traditional Weaning Parameters in Predicting Successful Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

An observational study in Ventilator Weaning, Sarcopenia and Diaphragm Ultrasonography, sponsored by Kocaeli City Hospital. Not yet recruiting. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-28.

Sponsored by Kocaeli City Hospital · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
80
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study investigates whether the Sarcopenia Index (SI = serum creatinine/cystatin C × 100), a simple biomarker derived from routine blood tests, can predict weaning success in critically ill patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. SI will be measured at the spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), and its predictive value will be compared with diaphragm ultrasound parameters - diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) and diaphragm excursion (DE) - as well as other established weaning parameters. The goal is to determine whether SI can serve as an accessible, low-cost alternative or complement to ultrasound-based assessment in predicting successful liberation from mechanical ventilation, and to establish a population-specific SI cutoff value for this setting.

Read the detailed description

This study will enroll adult patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU. Serum creatinine and cystatin C will be measured at the time of the spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) to calculate SI . Diaphragm ultrasound parameters (DTF and DE) will be obtained at the SBT, along with other standard weaning parameters (e.g., rapid shallow breathing index, and other clinically used indices). Weaning success will be defined as the absence of reintubation or need for ventilatory support within 48-72 hours after extubation.

The primary aim is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of SI, alone and in combination with diaphragm ultrasound parameters, in predicting weaning success using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and to derive a population-specific SI cutoff value for this setting. Secondary aims include comparing SI's predictive performance to established weaning parameters and assessing correlations between SI and diaphragm ultrasound measurements. If validated, SI could offer clinicians a low-cost, widely available, and less operator-dependent adjunct or alternative to ultrasound-based assessment of weaning readiness.

02

Conditions studied

  • Ventilator Weaning
  • Sarcopenia
  • Diaphragm Ultrasonography

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Keywords

  • mechanical ventilation
  • sarcopenia index
  • critical care
  • weaning
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit at Kocaeli City Hospital who require invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 24 hours and undergo a spontaneous breathing trial for weaning.

Inclusion criteria

  • Age 18 years and older
  • Received invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 24 hours
  • Weaned from invasive mechanical ventilation via a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) after meeting weaning criteria
  • Patients on at least 24-hour invasive mechanical ventilator support receiving antibiotherapy, in whom serum cystatin C was measured

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Pregnancy
  • Neuromuscular disease
  • High cervical spinal cord injury
  • Terminal-stage malignancy
  • Chronic home mechanical ventilator dependency
  • Diaphragmatic paralysis
  • Renal replacement therapy
  • Chronic kidney disease on a regular dialysis program
  • Significant renal function fluctuation within 48 hours prior to weaning
04

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
80 participants (estimated)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • Weaning Success

    Patients who met weaning criteria and were successfully extubated following a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), without reintubation or need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) within 48 hours post-extubation. In this group, diaphragm ultrasonography (diaphragm excursion, end-expiratory and end-inspiratory diaphragm thickness, diaphragm thickening fraction), classical weaning parameters (RSBI, NIF, P0.1), and the Sarcopenia Index (serum creatinine/serum cystatin C × 100) were recorded at the time of the SBT.

    Other: sarcopenia index · Other: diaphragma ultrasound · Other: parameters of mechanical ventilation (MV)

  • Weaning Failure

    Patients who, despite meeting weaning criteria and undergoing an SBT, required reintubation or new NIMV support within 48 hours post-extubation, classified as unsuccessful weaning. The same diaphragm ultrasonography parameters, classical weaning parameters, and Sarcopenia Index measurements were recorded at the time of the SBT for comparison with the Weaning Success group.

    Other: sarcopenia index · Other: diaphragma ultrasound · Other: parameters of mechanical ventilation (MV)

Interventions

  • Othersarcopenia index

    A calculated biomarker derived from routinely measured serum creatinine and serum cystatin C values \[(creatinine/cystatin C) × 100\], obtained at the time of the spontaneous breathing trial.

  • Otherdiaphragma ultrasound

    Non-invasive, point-of-care bedside ultrasonography of the diaphragm performed at the time of the spontaneous breathing trial using a linear high-frequency probe (3-14 MHz) at the 8th-10th intercostal space between the anterior and mid-axillary lines. Diaphragm excursion (DE) is measured with a curvilinear probe (1.3-5.7 MHz) in M-mode. End-expiratory and end-inspiratory diaphragm thickness are measured, and the diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) is calculated as \[(inspiratory thickness - expiratory thickness) / expiratory thickness\] × 100. This is a diagnostic imaging assessment, not a therapeutic intervention, and involves no ionizing radiation or additional risk to the patient.

  • Otherparameters of mechanical ventilation (MV)

    Standard bedside weaning parameters recorded by the investigator at the time of the spontaneous breathing trial: Rapid Shallow Breathing Index (RSBI, respiratory rate/tidal volume ratio), Negative Inspiratory Force (NIF/PImax, maximal inspiratory pressure), and Airway Occlusion Pressure at 0.1 seconds (P0.1). These are routine, non-invasive respiratory mechanics measurements obtained as part of standard weaning assessment, with no additional risk or intervention beyond usual ICU care.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Predictive Value of the Sarcopenia Index for Predicting Weaning Success

    Area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of the Sarcopenia Index (serum creatinine/serum cystatin C × 100) in predicting successful weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation.

    Time frame: Through study completion, an avarage of 1 year

Secondary outcomes

  1. Association Between Sarcopenia Index and Reintubation

    Comparison of Sarcopenia Index values (serum creatinine/serum cystatin C × 100) measured at the spontaneous breathing trial between patients who required reintubation or new non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) support and those who did not, within 48 hours post-extubation.

    Time frame: Within 48 hours after extubation

06

Study locations

No study locations are listed for this record.

07

References and documents

Publications

  • Kilaru D, Panebianco N, Baston C. Diaphragm Ultrasound in Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation. Chest. 2021 Mar;159(3):1166-1172. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.12.003. Epub 2020 Dec 10. PubMed 33309837 ↗
  • Goligher EC, Dres M, Fan E, Rubenfeld GD, Scales DC, Herridge MS, Vorona S, Sklar MC, Rittayamai N, Lanys A, Murray A, Brace D, Urrea C, Reid WD, Tomlinson G, Slutsky AS, Kavanagh BP, Brochard LJ, Ferguson ND. Mechanical Ventilation-induced Diaphragm Atrophy Strongly Impacts Clinical Outcomes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Jan 15;197(2):204-213. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201703-0536OC. PubMed 28930478 ↗
  • Zarco-Martin MT, Andreo-Lopez MC, Yagui-Beltran MS, Fernandez-Soto ML. Sarcopenia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a key predictor of respiratory dysfunction and disease progression. Front Nutr. 2026 Mar 2;13:1713253. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1713253. eCollection 2026. PubMed 41847237 ↗
  • Kashani KB, Frazee EN, Kukralova L, Sarvottam K, Herasevich V, Young PM, Kashyap R, Lieske JC. Evaluating Muscle Mass by Using Markers of Kidney Function: Development of the Sarcopenia Index. Crit Care Med. 2017 Jan;45(1):e23-e29. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002013. PubMed 27611976 ↗
  • Zhao X, Su R, Hu R, Chen Y, Xu X, Yuan Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Yang Y, Chen M, Li D, Wu B, Huang D, Wu D. Sarcopenia index as a predictor of clinical outcomes among older adult patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2023 Feb 11;23(1):89. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-03784-7. PubMed 36774462 ↗
  • Xie D, Xiao Y, Li X, Sun B, Feng J, Jia J, Li J, Wang Y, He F, Liu L. Mechanosensitive Piezo1 Channels Mediate Diaphragm Fibrosis Induced by Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2025 Dec;16(6):e70136. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.70136. PubMed 41332397 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — No formal plan for sharing individual participant data (IPD) with other researchers has been established at this time. Data will be reported in aggregate form in accordance with the study's ethics committee approval and institutional data protection policies.

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07844421
Lead sponsor
Kocaeli City Hospital
Responsible party
Hasan Berk Gönülalan (Medical Doctor, Kocaeli City Hospital) — Principal investigator
First posted
Sep 28, 2026
Start date
Nov 15, 2026 (estimated)
Primary completion
Nov 15, 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 15, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 28, 2026

Study contacts

Ahmet YÜKSEK, Associate Professor Dr.
Contact
mdayuksek@hotmail.com
+905326580351
Hasan B GÖNÜLALAN, Medical Doctor
Contact
gnlln9a@gmail.com
+905546674319
Ahmet YÜKSEK, Associate Professor Dr.
principal investigator · Kocaeli City Hospital
Adnan ATA, Medical Doctor
study director · Kocaeli City Hospital

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in Sep 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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