An interventional study of Mannequin-Based Subcutaneous Injection Training and Peer-Based Subcutaneous Injection Training in Simulation Training, Midwifery Education and Subcutaneous Injection, sponsored by Ankara University. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to female participants, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-28.
Sponsored by Ankara University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other
The goal of this clinical trial is to compare three simulation-based approaches for teaching subcutaneous injections to first-year midwifery students. A subcutaneous injection is an injection given into the tissue just under the skin. The main questions this study aims to answer are:
Do the three teaching approaches lead to different levels of learning and injection skills? Do the approaches affect students' confidence in performing the skill? Do the approaches affect students' anxiety during injection practice?
Researchers will compare three groups of midwifery students. One group will practice on the abdominal area of a patient-care mannequin. A second group will practice on an injection training pad placed on a peer's abdomen. A third group will practice on an injection training pad placed on their own abdomen.
Participants will first receive the same classroom teaching and laboratory instruction on subcutaneous injection. One week later, they will practice the injection according to the group to which they were randomly assigned. No medication will be injected into a participant's body; the practice will use training equipment and saline solution. After the practice, researchers will assess participants' learning, injection skills, self-efficacy, and anxiety.
This randomized controlled study evaluates three simulation-based approaches to teaching subcutaneous injection skills to first-year midwifery students. All students will receive the same theoretical instruction and laboratory-based teaching on subcutaneous heparin injection. During the laboratory session, students will practice the standardized steps of the procedure using the Subcutaneous Heparin Injection Practice Guide. One week later, participants will repeat the procedure according to their randomly assigned training approach.
The three approaches differ in the level of physical realism and personal involvement during practice. Students will perform the procedure either on the abdominal area of a patient-care mannequin, on an injection training pad placed on a peer's abdomen, or on an injection training pad placed on their own abdomen. For safety, the simulation will use an insulin syringe containing saline instead of a prefilled heparin syringe. The study is designed to determine whether these different practice contexts provide different educational experiences during subcutaneous injection training and to inform future clinical skills teaching strategies in midwifery education.
7,201 studies on the registry are indexed under Anxiety Disorders; 1,682 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 78 is close to the median of 80 across 6,057 interventional studies indexed under Anxiety Disorders.
Browse Anxiety Disorders studies →Ankara University is the lead sponsor of 320 studies on the registry; 64 are open to participants now.
Compared within Anxiety Disorders, the registry's first condition term, which may not be this study's main condition. Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily. How we classify →
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Participants assigned to this group will perform subcutaneous injection practice on the abdominal area of a patient-care mannequin.
Other: Mannequin-Based Subcutaneous Injection Training
Participants assigned to this group will perform subcutaneous injection practice on an injection training pad placed on a peer's abdomen.
Other: Peer-Based Subcutaneous Injection Training
Participants assigned to this group will perform subcutaneous injection practice on an injection training pad placed on their own abdomen.
Other: Self-Based Subcutaneous Injection Training
Participants will practice the standardized steps of subcutaneous injection on the abdominal area of a patient-care mannequin.
The injection will be administered into the training pad and will not penetrate the peer's body.
Participants will practice the standardized steps of subcutaneous injection on an injection training pad placed on their own abdomen.
Perceived Learning
Perceived learning will be assessed using the Perceived Learning Scale. The scale consists of 9 items covering cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning. Total scores range from 9 to 63, with higher scores indicating greater perceived learning.
Time frame: Immediately after the simulation-based practice session
Self-Efficacy for Subcutaneous Injection
Self-efficacy will be assessed using the Subcutaneous Heparin Injection Self-Efficacy Form. Participants rate how competent they feel in performing the skill safely and correctly on a scale from 1 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy.
Time frame: Immediately after the simulation-based practice session
State Anxiety
State anxiety will be assessed using the State Anxiety Inventory. The scale consists of 20 items and yields a total score ranging from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater state anxiety.
Time frame: Immediately after the simulation-based practice session
Subcutaneous Injection Skill Performance
Subcutaneous injection skill performance will be assessed using the Subcutaneous Heparin Injection Practice Skills Checklist developed by the researchers based on current literature and expert review. The checklist evaluates whether the required steps of the procedure are performed correctly. Higher total scores indicate better subcutaneous injection skill performance.
Time frame: During the simulation-based practice session
Plan to share: No — IPD will not be shared because no data-sharing plan was included in the study protocol or informed consent process.
This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in Aug 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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