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Not yet recruitingNCT07788703NeoSpHbUpdated Aug 26, 2026

NeoSpHb Study: Can a Painless Device Detect Anaemia in Babies Without Blood Tests? A Study in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)

An interventional study of Spectrophotometry hemoglobin in Anemia, sponsored by University of Malaya. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Malaysia. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-26.

Sponsored by University of Malaya · Not applicable, Interventional, and Diagnostic

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
30
Allocation
Not applicable
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The goal of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance and feasibility of non-invasive spectrophotometric haemoglobin (SpHb) measurement for detecting anaemia in infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The main questions it aims to answer are:

  1. What is the agreement between non-invasive SpHb and laboratory reference total haemoglobin (tHb)?
  2. How accurately can non-invasive SpHb detect clinically significant laboratory anaemia (Hb \< 10g/dL)?
  3. What is the feasibility (success rate and time-to-reading) and what physiological factors (e.g., perfusion index) moderate measurement accuracy in NICU infants? Researchers will compare non-invasive continuous SpHb readings against routine invasive laboratory haemoglobin values (tHb) obtained during standard clinical care from the same clinical encounter.

Participants will:

  1. Have a non-invasive optical sensor applied to an approved peripheral site (e.g., foot or palm) to record an SpHb reading whenever routine blood sampling is required by their attending clinician.
  2. Undergo standard routine blood sampling (venous, arterial, or capillary) for laboratory haemoglobin testing as part of usual clinical care, with no extra blood drawn for research purposes.
Read the detailed description

What is the purpose of this study?

This study aims to find out how accurate a non-invasive device (SpHb) is in measuring haemoglobin (red blood cells) levels in babies admitted to the NICU. The study involves the use of the Masimo SpHb® (Spectrophotometric Hemoglobin), a non-invasive monitoring device currently used in clinical settings. The device is handheld and connected to a computer/tablet for recording measurements. It will be placed on the child's skin to measure the child's hemoglobin. The procedure does not involve needles, radiation, or painful interventions.

Why is this study important?

Babies in NICU often have anemia, where their red blood cells level is low. To monitor this condition, babies often need repeated blood tests, which can cause pain and blood loss. This study may help reduce unnecessary blood sampling in the future.

What type of study is this?

This is an observational study. We will compare readings from a non-invasive device with routine blood test results.

What is the procedure that is being tested? A device called Masimo SpHb® is placed on the baby's skin to measure haemoglobin using light. No blood is taken for this measurement.

02

Conditions studied

  • Anemia

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Keywords

  • neonatal anemia
  • spectrophotometry hemoglobin
  • anemia of prematurity
  • neonatal intensive care unit
03

In context

Anemia

1,810 studies on the registry are indexed under Anemia; 215 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 30 is below the median of 117 across 1,336 interventional studies indexed under Anemia.

Browse Anemia studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Malaya is the lead sponsor of 284 studies on the registry; 58 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
Child (0–17), Adult (18–64), Older adult (65+)
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Infants (preterm or term) admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
  • Gestational age ≥ 24 weeks at birth.
  • Admitted to NICU during the study period.
  • Clinical indication for laboratory measurement as part of routine care.
  • Written obtained from parent or legal guardian.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Known or suspected haemoglobinopathy.
  • Cyanotic congenital heart disease.
  • Significant skin integrity issues at the proposed sensor site (e.g. burns, severe dermatitis, wounds, oedema, or medical devices preventing probe placement).
  • Conditions likely to cause unreliable peripheral perfusion at the discretion of the attending clinician.
  • Severe hypothermia (below 32°C) or hyperthermia (more than 40°C).
  • Prolonged capillary refill time indicating poor peripheral perfusion.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(2)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Hemoglobin (Hb)

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Diagnostic
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
30 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    SpHb

    Infants admitted to the NICU will undergo non-invasive SpHb measurement, with results compared against laboratory haemoglobin values obtained as part of routine clinical care.

    Device: Spectrophotometry hemoglobin

Interventions

  • DeviceSpectrophotometry hemoglobin

    1. The index test utilizes multi-wavelength spectrophotometry (Masimo Radical-7® with rainbow® sensors) applied topically to peripheral tissue (e.g., foot, palm, or digit). It requires zero skin punctures, creates no additional iatrogenic blood loss, and causes no pain or distress to fragile neonates. 2. Unlike standard diagnostic studies that require dedicated blood sampling for research, this protocol collects reference laboratory total haemoglobin (tHb) strictly when clinically indicated for routine care. No extra phlebotomy is performed solely for the study. 3. Non-invasive SpHb measurements are acquired within a strict 5-minute window of routine clinical blood sampling to eliminate physiological variability over time and ensure paired accuracy assessment.

    Also known as: Masimo Radical-7® Pulse CO-Oximeter with rainbow® technology

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Agreement between non-invasive SpHb and laboratory haemoglobin measurements

    Agreement between SpHb and laboratory haemoglobin will be assessed using Bland-Altman analysis, including mean bias and 95% limits of agreement. Unit of measure: g/dL

    Time frame: During NICU hospitalization, from enrolment until hospital discharge, up to 44 weeks postmenstrual age

Secondary outcomes

  1. Sensitivity and specificity of SpHb for detection of anaemia

    Sensitivity and specificity of SpHb for detecting anaemia, using laboratory haemoglobin as the reference standard. Anaemia will be defined according to the pre-specified haemoglobin threshold appropriate for the infant's gestational/postnatal age. Unit of measure: Percentage of participants

    Time frame: During NICU hospitalization, from enrolment until hospital discharge, up to 44 weeks postmenstrual age

  2. Agreement between changes in SpHb and changes in laboratory haemoglobin over time

    Description: The ability of serial SpHb measurements to detect changes in haemoglobin concentration over time will be assessed by comparing changes in SpHb with corresponding changes in laboratory haemoglobin measurements. Unit of measure: g/dL

    Time frame: During NICU hospitalization, from enrolment until hospital discharge, up to 44 weeks postmenstrual age

  3. Regression coefficient for perfusion index and SpHb-tHb measurement difference

    Regression coefficient (β) and 95% confidence interval for perfusion index (measured by pulse co-oximeter perfusion index display, %) as a predictor of SpHb-tHb measurement difference, from a mixed-effects linear regression model with random intercept per infant. Unit of Measure: Regression coefficient (β) per 1% change in perfusion index

    Time frame: From enrollment through NICU discharge (up to 44 weeks postmenstrual age).

  4. Regression coefficient for gestational age and SpHb-tHb measurement difference

    Regression coefficient (β) and 95% confidence interval for gestational age at birth (recorded in completed weeks from obstetric dating, per medical records) as a predictor of SpHb-tHb measurement difference, from a mixed-effects linear regression model with random intercept per infant. Unit of Measure: Regression coefficient (β) per completed week of gestational age

    Time frame: Gestational age recorded at birth; association assessed from enrollment through NICU discharge (up to 44 weeks postmenstrual age).

  5. Regression coefficient for birth weight and SpHb-tHb measurement difference

    Regression coefficient (β) and 95% confidence interval for birth weight (recorded in grams at delivery, per medical records) as a predictor of SpHb-tHb measurement difference, from a mixed-effects linear regression model with random intercept per infant. Unit of Measure: Regression coefficient (β) per 100 grams of birth weight

    Time frame: Birth weight recorded at birth; association assessed from enrollment through NICU discharge (up to 44 weeks postmenstrual age).

  6. Regression coefficient for phototherapy and SpHb-tHb measurement difference

    Regression coefficient (β) and 95% confidence interval for concurrent phototherapy use (yes/no, recorded from NICU treatment records at the time of each paired measurement) as a predictor of SpHb-tHb measurement difference, from a mixed-effects linear regression model with random intercept per infant. Unit of Measure: Regression coefficient (β) for phototherapy exposure (on vs off)

    Time frame: Assessed at each paired SpHb-tHb measurement, from enrollment through NICU discharge (up to 44 weeks postmenstrual age).

07

Study locations

1 site
  • University Malaya Medical Center
    Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
    • Aliyyah Mohammad Khuzaini, MBChB, MRCPCH, MMEd · Contactaliyyahkhuzaini@usim.edu.my · +60132134616
    • Minn Yin Choo, MBBS, MMed, MRCPCH · Contactminnyin@ummc.edu.my · +603-79492065
    • Aliyyah Mohammad Khuzaini, MBChB, MRCPCH, MMEd · Principal investigator
    • Minn Yin Choo, MBBS, MMed, MRCPCH · Sub investigator
    • Azanna Ahmad Kamar, MBBS, MRCPCH · Sub investigator
    • Tengku Amatullah Madeehah Tengku Mohd, MBChB, MSc, MPH, DrPH · Sub investigator
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Saengnipanthkul S, Tawiangnan C, Sirikarn P, Supasai S, Sitthikarnkha P, Techasatian L, Uppala R. Accuracy of noninvasive total haemoglobin measurement for detecting anaemia in infants: a cross-sectional study in a well-child care clinic, Khon Kaen, Thailand. BMJ Open. 2024 Dec 30;14(12):e083356. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083356. PubMed 39806708 ↗
  • Nicholas C, George R, Sardesai S, Durand M, Ramanathan R, Cayabyab R. Validation of noninvasive hemoglobin measurement by pulse co-oximeter in newborn infants. J Perinatol. 2015 Aug;35(8):617-20. doi: 10.1038/jp.2015.12. Epub 2015 Mar 5. PubMed 25742288 ↗
  • Arai Y, Shoji H, Awata K, Inage E, Ikuse T, Shimizu T. Evaluation of the use of non-invasive hemoglobin measurement in early childhood. Pediatr Res. 2023 Mar;93(4):1036-1040. doi: 10.1038/s41390-022-02204-7. Epub 2022 Jul 29. PubMed 35906313 ↗
  • Hsu DP, French AJ, Madson SL, Palmer JM, Gidvani-Diaz V. Evaluation of a Noninvasive Hemoglobin Measurement Device to Screen for Anemia in Infancy. Matern Child Health J. 2016 Apr;20(4):827-32. doi: 10.1007/s10995-015-1913-9. PubMed 26702617 ↗
  • Causey MW, Miller S, Foster A, Beekley A, Zenger D, Martin M. Validation of noninvasive hemoglobin measurements using the Masimo Radical-7 SpHb Station. Am J Surg. 2011 May;201(5):592-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2011.01.020. PubMed 21545905 ↗
  • Noiri E, Kobayashi N, Takamura Y, Iijima T, Takagi T, Doi K, Nakao A, Yamamoto T, Takeda S, Fujita T. Pulse total-hemoglobinometer provides accurate noninvasive monitoring. Crit Care Med. 2005 Dec;33(12):2831-5. doi: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000190430.96750.51. PubMed 16352948 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — To safeguard participant confidentiality and privacy, individual participant-level data will not be made publicly available. Final study findings will be published in aggregate format only

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Start is estimated for Sep 2026; primary completion for Mar 2027, 6 months later.

Of 163 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Anemia, half reached primary completion within 18 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 8 and three quarters within 30. This study's planned 6 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 177 studies reached it within 17 months; a quarter within 7 and three quarters within 29.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Aug 14, 2026
First posted
Aug 26, 2026
StartEst.
Sep 1, 2026
Primary completionEst.
Mar 31, 2027
CompletionEst.
Jun 30, 2027
Last update
Aug 26, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 26, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07788703
Collaborators
Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
Responsible party
Aliyyah Mohammad Khuzaini (Clinical Fellow in Neonatology, University of Malaya) — Principal investigator
First posted
Aug 26, 2026
Start date
Sep 1, 2026 (estimated)
Primary completion
Mar 31, 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Jun 30, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Aug 26, 2026

Study contacts

Aliyyah Mohammad Khuzaini, MBChB, MRCPCH, MMEd
Contact
aliyyahkhuzaini@usim.edu.my
+60132134616
Azanna Ahmad Kamar, MBBS, MRCPCH
Contact
azanna@um.edu.my
+603-79492065

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in Aug 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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