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Not yet recruitingNCT07762859Updated Sep 9, 2026

Wearable Ambulatory Vs. Office BP in Hemodialysis

An interventional study of CART BP Pro-guided blood pressure management and Conventional office blood pressure-guided management in ESRD on HD, sponsored by Gangnam Severance Hospital. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in South Korea. Open to participants aged 19 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-09.

Sponsored by Gangnam Severance Hospital · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
280
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
19 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Hypertension is highly prevalent among patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Accurate blood pressure assessment is essential for optimizing dry weight and antihypertensive therapy, but conventional office blood pressure measurements may not adequately capture the dynamic blood pressure variations that occur throughout the hemodialysis cycle, including the pre-, intra-, post-, and interdialytic periods. Wearable cuffless blood pressure monitoring may provide more comprehensive blood pressure data and facilitate individualized blood pressure management.

The WAVE-HD trial is a prospective, multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled study designed to compare wearable blood pressure-guided hypertension management using the CART BP Pro device with conventional office blood pressure-guided management in adult patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the wearable blood pressure-guided management group or the office blood pressure-guided management group. Dry weight and antihypertensive medications will be adjusted according to the assigned blood pressure monitoring strategy. The primary objective of the study is to determine whether wearable blood pressure-guided management increases the proportion of patients achieving target blood pressure compared with conventional office blood pressure-guided management. Secondary outcomes include changes in blood pressure, blood pressure variability, dry weight, antihypertensive medication use, and safety.

Read the detailed description

Design: Prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial

Study duration: Total of 11 weeks after participant enrollment

  • Screening: 1 week
  • Baseline: Week 0
  • Intervention: Weeks 1-9
  • Evaluation: Weeks 10-11

Sample size: A total of 280 participants (140 in the intervention group vs. 140 in the control group)

Intervention

  • Control group: Blood pressure (BP) management based on office (dialysis unit) BP
  • Intervention group: BP management based on wearable/continuous BP monitoring using CART BP Pro

Primary Endpoint: Achievement of target blood pressure

- Mean home BP: \<135/85 mmHg

Secondary Endpoints

  1. 24-hour mean BP by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM)
  2. Change in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure
  3. Change in blood pressure variability (BPV) parameters, including standard deviation (SD), average real variability (ARV), and dipping pattern
  4. Change in total dry weight
  5. Change in the number of antihypertensive medications
  6. Incidence of adverse events
02

Conditions studied

  • ESRD on HD

Keywords

  • HD
  • BP
  • HTN
  • Wearable ambulatory BP
  • ABPM
  • HBPM
  • RCT
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
19 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Adults aged 19 years or older.
  • Patients receiving hemodialysis three times per week.
  • On maintenance hemodialysis for at least 3 months.
  • Patients with a predialysis blood pressure (BP) of ≥140/90 mmHg measured in the dialysis clinic before study enrollment, or those taking at least one antihypertensive medication.
  • Individuals who provided informed consent to participate in the study.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of an implanted cardiac pacemaker.
  • Patients in whom pulse wave measurement is not feasible due to uncontrolled arrhythmias (e.g., persistent atrial fibrillation).
  • Inability to wear the CART BP Pro device (e.g., due to finger deformity).
  • Life expectancy of less than 6 months.
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Participant)
Enrollment
280 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Wearable blood pressure-guided management

    Participants will undergo wearable blood pressure monitoring using the CART BP Pro device. Dry weight and antihypertensive medications will be adjusted according to wearable blood pressure measurements throughout the study.

    Device: CART BP Pro-guided blood pressure management

  • Active comparator
    Conventional office blood pressure-guided management

    Participants will undergo wearable blood pressure monitoring using the CART BP Pro device. However, dry weight and antihypertensive medications will be adjusted according to conventional office blood pressure measurements. Wearable blood pressure data will not be used for treatment decisions.

    Device: Conventional office blood pressure-guided management

Interventions

  • DeviceCART BP Pro-guided blood pressure management

    Participants will wear the CART BP Pro cuffless wearable blood pressure monitoring device. Blood pressure data obtained from the device will be used to guide dry weight adjustment and antihypertensive medication titration according to the study protocol. Dry weight will be reduced stepwise when indicated, and antihypertensive medications will be up-titrated or additional agents introduced based on wearable blood pressure measurements, blood pressure patterns (including non-dipping, reverse-dipping, and morning surge), and blood pressure variability. Rescue treatment for hypotension, severe hypertension, or volume overload will be provided according to predefined safety criteria.

    Also known as: CART BP Pro

  • DeviceConventional office blood pressure-guided management

    Participants will also wear the CART BP Pro device; however, blood pressure management will be based on conventional office blood pressure measurements rather than wearable blood pressure data. Dry weight adjustment and antihypertensive medication titration will follow the predefined study algorithm using office blood pressure measurements. Rescue treatment will be identical to that in the experimental group and will be provided according to predefined safety criteria.

    Also known as: Conventional office blood pressure monitoring

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Achievement of target out-of-office blood pressure

    Description: Out-of-office blood pressure control will be assessed at Week 10-11 using standardized Home Blood Pressure Monitoring (HBPM) in all randomized participants. Target blood pressure will be defined as a mean HBPM of \<135/85 mmHg. Individual target achievement will be classified as yes or no, and the group-level outcome will be expressed as the proportion of participants achieving the target, ranging from 0% to 100%. A higher proportion of participants achieving the target indicates better out-of-office blood pressure control. Time Frame: Week 10-11 (end of study)

    Time frame: Week 10-11 (end of study)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Achievement of Target Blood Pressure Based on 24-hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM)

    Description: In the prespecified subgroup of participants enrolled at centers where 24-hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) is available, out-of-office blood pressure control will additionally be assessed at Week 10-11 using 24-hour ABPM. Target blood pressure will be defined as a 24-hour mean ABPM of \<130/80 mmHg. Individual target achievement will be classified as yes or no, and the group-level outcome will be expressed as the proportion of participants achieving the target, ranging from 0% to 100%. A higher proportion of participants achieving the target indicates better ambulatory blood pressure control. ABPM results will be analyzed separately in this prespecified subgroup.

    Time frame: Week 10-11 (end of study)

  2. Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure

    Change in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure from baseline to Week 10-11.

    Time frame: (1~4) Baseline to Week 10-11 (5~6) Throughout the study (Baseline to Week 10-11)

  3. Change in blood pressure variability

    Change in blood pressure variability parameters, including standard deviation (SD), average real variability (ARV), and dipping pattern, from baseline to Week 10-11.

    Time frame: (1~4) Baseline to Week 10-11 (5~6) Throughout the study (Baseline to Week 10-11)

  4. Change in dry weight

    Change in prescribed dry weight from baseline to Week 10-11.

    Time frame: (1~4) Baseline to Week 10-11 (5~6) Throughout the study (Baseline to Week 10-11)

  5. Change in antihypertensive medication use

    Change in the number of antihypertensive medications from baseline to Week 10-11.

    Time frame: (1~4) Baseline to Week 10-11 (5~6) Throughout the study (Baseline to Week 10-11)

  6. Incidence of treatment-related adverse events

    Incidence of treatment-related adverse events, including muscle cramps, dizziness, headache, dyspnea, chest discomfort, visual disturbance, orthostatic hypotension, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and intradialytic hypotension.

    Time frame: (1~4) Baseline to Week 10-11 (5~6) Throughout the study (Baseline to Week 10-11)

  7. Device-related adverse events

    Incidence of device-related adverse events, including skin irritation, pain, device attachment failure, device malfunction, and data loss associated with use of the CART BP Pro device.

    Time frame: (1~4) Baseline to Week 10-11 (5~6) Throughout the study (Baseline to Week 10-11)

06

Study locations

1 site
  • Gangnam Severance Hospital
    Seoul, 06273, South Korea
07

References and documents

Publications

  • Kim J, Chang SA, Park SW. First-in-Human Study for Evaluating the Accuracy of Smart Ring Based Cuffless Blood Pressure Measurement. J Korean Med Sci. 2024 Jan 15;39(2):e18. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e18. PubMed 38225785 ↗
  • Agarwal R, Brim NJ, Mahenthiran J, Andersen MJ, Saha C. Out-of-hemodialysis-unit blood pressure is a superior determinant of left ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertension. 2006 Jan;47(1):62-8. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000196279.29758.f4. Epub 2005 Dec 12. PubMed 16344376 ↗
  • Agarwal R, Flynn J, Pogue V, Rahman M, Reisin E, Weir MR. Assessment and management of hypertension in patients on dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Aug;25(8):1630-46. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2013060601. Epub 2014 Apr 3. PubMed 24700870 ↗
  • Writing Committee Members*; Jones DW, Ferdinand KC, Taler SJ, Johnson HM, Shimbo D, Abdalla M, Altieri MM, Bansal N, Bello NA, Bress AP, Carter J, Cohen JB, Collins KJ, Commodore-Mensah Y, Davis LL, Egan B, Khan SS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Melnyk BM, Mistry EA, Ogunniyi MO, Schott SL, Smith SC Jr, Talbot AW, Vongpatanasin W, Watson KE, Whelton PK, Williamson JD. 2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ASPC/NMA/PCNA/SGIM Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2025 Sep 16;152(11):e114-e218. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001356. Epub 2025 Aug 14. PubMed 40811497 ↗
  • Sarafidis PA, Persu A, Agarwal R, Burnier M, de Leeuw P, Ferro CJ, Halimi JM, Heine GH, Jadoul M, Jarraya F, Kanbay M, Mallamaci F, Mark PB, Ortiz A, Parati G, Pontremoli R, Rossignol P, Ruilope L, Van der Niepen P, Vanholder R, Verhaar MC, Wiecek A, Wuerzner G, London GM, Zoccali C. Hypertension in dialysis patients: a consensus document by the European Renal and Cardiovascular Medicine (EURECA-m) working group of the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) and the Hypertension and the Kidney working group of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017 Apr 1;32(4):620-640. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfw433. PubMed 28340239 ↗
  • Flythe JE, Chang TI, Gallagher MP, Lindley E, Madero M, Sarafidis PA, Unruh ML, Wang AY, Weiner DE, Cheung M, Jadoul M, Winkelmayer WC, Polkinghorne KR; Conference Participants. Blood pressure and volume management in dialysis: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference. Kidney Int. 2020 May;97(5):861-876. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.01.046. Epub 2020 Mar 8. PubMed 32278617 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided — Individual participant-level data will not be routinely shared during the conduct of the study. Decisions regarding future sharing of de-identified individual participant data with external researchers will be made after completion of the study and publication of the primary results, in accordance with institutional policies, applicable regulations, and approval by the study steering committee.

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07762859
Lead sponsor
Gangnam Severance Hospital
Responsible party
Jong Hyun Jhee (Assistant Professor, Gangnam Severance Hospital) — Principal investigator
First posted
Aug 13, 2026
Start date
Sep 1, 2026 (estimated)
Primary completion
Jul 30, 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Oct 30, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 9, 2026

Study contacts

Jong Hyun Jhee, MD, PhD
Contact
JJHLOVE77@yuhs.ac
+82-10-4938-3018

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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