An interventional study of Respiratory training in Training Effectiveness, Training Efficiency and Football Players, sponsored by The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice. Not yet recruiting at 2 sites in Poland. Open to male participants aged 13 Years to 15 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-07-30.
Sponsored by The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
The overall aim of the study is to gain knowledge about the impact of respiratory training on reaction time and other components of performance in young football players.
The specific aims of the study are to answer whether physical training extended with respiratory exercises increases reaction time, agility, speed and endurance in young football players. An application goal of the study is to gain knowledge whether physical training supplemented with breathing exercises improve reaction time, agility, speed, and exercise capacity in young football players.
The study will include 50 healthy football players aged 13 to 15 (born in 2011-2013), who have been playing football for at least two years and are members of the MTS Rybnik Football Academy.
After obtaining written consent to participate in the study and meeting the inclusion criteria all participants will be assigned to the experimental group and the control group (25 people in each group).
Randomization will be conducted using sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes (SNOSE).
The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice is the lead sponsor of 31 studies on the registry; 15 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Inclusion Criteria 50 healthy boys aged 13-15 (born between 2011 and 2013) who:
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Contraindication
A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
A standard football football training will be carried out at the MTS Football Academy in Rybnik, Poland in accordance with the applicable training program for the given age category. The training will include technical, tactical, and general development exercises, including elements of speed, agility, coordination and endurance training, carried out in the form of individual and team exercises and task games. The intensity and volume of training will be adapted to age, level of advancement and current stage of the season training. \+ 4-week follow-up
A standard football training will be carried out at the MTS Football Academy in Rybnik, Poland. In the experimental group, respiratory training will also be implemented. This training will be supplementary, low-intensity and will provide relaxation. It will not interfere with the main and total training load of the athletes. Exercises will be conducted for 4 weeks, 3 times per week, immediately after the football training unit. Each breathing training session will last about 20 minutes and will be performed in a supine position, in conditions conducive to relaxation and concentration on breathing. Respiratory training will be introduced progressively, taking into account the gradual adaptation of athletes to the exercises.
Other: Respiratory training
Week 1 Relaxation exercises using gentle diaphragmatic breathing, learning the correct diaphragmatic breathing, elements of prolonged exhalation exercises, final relaxation. Week 2 The session will be extended with diaphragmatic breathing with a gradual increase in resistance, achieved by controlled increase of resistance of the abdominal tissues and short rest phases between exercises. Week 3 and 4 The respiratory training will be supplemented with: diaphragmatic breathing with resistance manually dosed by the supervising physiotherapist, through a gentle, controlled pressure on the abdomen during the inhalation phase, exercises aimed at activating the lower ribs muscles activity, short elements of chest breathing as a supplementary exercise, final relaxation. The protocol is based on methods used in respiratory training in clinical studies involving athletes, including young soccer players with a proven beneficial effect on exercise capacity and fatigue tolerance. +4-week follow-up
Reaction time test using BlazePod sensors
Reaction time test using BlazePod sensors - assessment of selective reaction time. Rapid visuomotor reaction is an important element of football, in which the player makes decisions in dynamically changing field conditions \[Nakamoto, Mori 2008\]. To assess the reaction time, the BlazePod light-sensor system will be used, which enables an objective measurement of reaction speed to randomly appearing visual stimuli and is widely used in sports training. Sensors will be placed on the ground, and the subject's task will be to touch the randomly illuminated sensor as quickly as possible. Each player will perform five assessments, and for statistical analysis the mean of the three best results will be used.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks
T-Drill Test
T-Drill Test - assessment of agility and speed of change of direction of movement The T-Drill Test is a commonly used tool for assessing agility, acceleration, and the ability to quickly change the direction of movement in team sports, including soccer \[Pauole et al. 2000\]. Four cones will be set up in the shape of the letter "T". The player starts from a standing position at the central point, runs forward for a distance of 10 meters, then performs lateral movements to the left and to the right, returns to the center, and runs backward to the starting location. Time measurement will be carried out using an electronic stopwatch or photogates. Each player will perform two trial runs and then two proper trials; for statistical analysis the best obtained result will be used.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks
Sprint over 30 meters
Sprint over 30 meters - assessment of running speed Running over a distance of 30 meters is a standard method for assessing speed and acceleration ability, constituting an important predictor of the effectiveness of offensive and defensive football playing \[Haugen et al. 2012\]. Time measurement will be conducted over a 30-meter section. The player will start the run from a standing position. Running time will be measured using photogates or an electronic stopwatch. The test will be performed twice, and for statistical analysis the best of the obtained times will be considered.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks
Yo-Yo IR1 Test
Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (Yo-Yo IR1) - assessment of exercise capacity The Yo-Yo IR1 Test is a widely used and well described in the literature tool for assessing aerobic and anaerobic capacity in intermittent sports, such as football \[Bangsbo et al. 2008\]. The test allows assessing the ability to perform repeated high-intensity efforts and the effectiveness of recovery between them. The player performs shuttle runs between lines spaced 20 meters apart, accordingto the pace set by an audio signal. After each double shuttle run (2 x 20 m), a short active break is performed, including a jog over a distance of 5 meters and a return to the start line. The test is ended at the moment when the athlete is unable to reach the line twice within the allotted time. Test will be conducted one time.
Time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks
Plan to share: Undecided — Undecided
This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in Mar 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice