An Early Phase 1 interventional study of PID23 Injection in Relapsed or Refractory Acute Leukemia, Relapsed or Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), sponsored by Zhujiang Hospital. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in China. Open to participants aged 3 Years to 75 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-07-10.
Sponsored by Zhujiang Hospital · Early Phase 1, Interventional, and Treatment
Relapsed or refractory acute leukemia (R/R AL) is a life-threatening blood cancer with poor outcomes and limited treatment options. PID23 Injection is an innovative in vivo CAR-T therapy that delivers a viral vector encoding three targets (CD19, BCMA, and CD70) directly into patients, enabling their own T cells to generate functional CAR-T cells against leukemia cells. This single-center, single-arm, open-label, dose-escalation study (3 dose levels: 0.8×10⁹, 2×10⁹, and 4×10⁹ TU) plans to enroll 3-18 patients with R/R AL aged 3-75 years, ECOG 0-2, and positive for at least one target. The primary objective is to evaluate safety, tolerability, and determine the recommended dose. Secondary objectives include preliminary efficacy (remission, survival), pharmacokinetics (CAR-T expansion), pharmacodynamics (cytokine changes), and exploratory viral clearance. After a single intravenous infusion, patients are hospitalized for ≥3 weeks, followed by monthly visits for 3 months, then every 3 months for up to 2 years. Enrollment is from May 2026 to May 2027, with follow-up through May 2029. The study is conducted at Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University (PI: Prof. Li Yuhua).
2,584 studies on the registry are indexed under Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; 473 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 18 is below the median of 40 across 1,952 interventional studies indexed under Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma.
Browse Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma studies →Zhujiang Hospital is the lead sponsor of 202 studies on the registry; 96 are open to participants now.
Compared within Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma, this study's primary condition as ClinicalTrials.gg classifies it; the registry's first condition term is Recurrence. The counts are of registry records indexed under each term, refreshed daily. How we classify →
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Relapsed: reappearance of leukemic cells in peripheral blood or bone marrow blasts ≥5% after achieving complete remission (CR); Refractory: failure to achieve CR after 2 courses of standard induction chemotherapy; relapse within 12 months after consolidation/intensification therapy; relapse after 12 months with no response to conventional chemotherapy; 2 or more relapses; extramedullary leukemia relapse or persistence; relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
4. (ECOG) performance status 0 to 2. 5. ≥12 weeks. 6.Bone marrow morphology showing ≥5% primitive/immature lymphocytes (blasts). 7.Tumor cells positive for CD19, BCMA, or CD70 expression by flow cytometry. 8.Adequate major organ function, defined as:
9. For women of , negative serum pregnancy test; all participants agree to use reliable (non-rhythm) methods from ICF signing through 1 year post-PID23 infusion.
Exclusion Criteria:
(1) (NYHA) Class III or IV congestive heart failure; (2) Myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) within 6 months prior to enrollment; (3) ventricular arrhythmia, or unexplained syncope (excluding vasovagal or dehydration-related); (3) History of severe non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. 4.Active or uncontrolled infection requiring systemic therapy within 1 week prior to screening.
5.Grade 2-4 acute (GVHD) or moderate-to-severe chronic GVHD within 4 weeks prior to screening.
6.Cerebrovascular accident or seizure within 6 months prior to screening. 7.Deep vein or arterial thrombosis event within 6 months prior to screening. 8.Active other than acute leukemia (excluding: inactive disease with treatment completed >2 years; adequately treated cervical carcinoma in situ, basal/squamous cell skin carcinoma, localized prostate cancer post-curative surgery, ductal carcinoma in situ post-curative surgery).
9.Received (attenuated) within 4 weeks prior to screening. 10.Any other condition that, in the investigator's judgment, makes the patient unsuitable for participation in this study.
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Relapsed: the illness came back after treatment had worked. Refractory: it did not respond to treatment, or stopped responding while still on it.
Stem cell (bone marrow) transplants. Allogeneic uses cells from a donor; autologous uses your own cells, collected earlier and given back.
A scale of how much an illness limits everyday activity. For people being assessed to join a study, scores run from 0 (fully active) to 4; lower is more active.
Studies most often ask for 0–1 or 0–2. Your doctor gives the score; the WHO scale uses the same steps. The full scale also has 5, which records death.
The study doctor’s estimate of how long someone is likely to live. Criteria use it so that people can stay in the study long enough for it to answer its question.
The share of blood the heart’s main pumping chamber (the left ventricle) pushes out with each beat, measured by an echocardiogram (heart ultrasound) or a MUGA scan. About 50–70% is normal.
The top of the normal range for a blood test, as set by the laboratory that runs it. Each lab prints its own range next to your result.
“≤ 2.5 × ULN” means the result can be up to two and a half times that top value.
How quickly the kidneys clear creatinine, a waste product, from the blood. A study may estimate it from a blood test with age, weight and sex (often by the Cockcroft–Gault formula), or measure it using blood and urine collected over a set time. Given in mL/min; higher is better.
Two enzymes measured in a routine blood test of the liver. Higher levels can mean the liver is under strain or damaged. SGPT and SGOT are older names for ALT and AST.
Criteria usually give a limit as a multiple of the upper limit of normal (ULN), often higher when cancer has spread to the liver.
A yellow substance made when red blood cells are broken down, which the liver clears. A high level can mean a problem with the liver or the bile ducts.
Criteria often allow more for people with Gilbert’s syndrome, a harmless inherited condition that raises bilirubin.
The number of neutrophils, white blood cells that help fight infection, in a given amount of blood. Too few raises the risk of infection.
It is a count, not a percentage of the white cells. Limits are written in units that mean the same: ≥ 1.5 × 10⁹/L is ≥ 1,500 per mm³ (µL). Each lab has its own reference range.
Blood cells that help blood clot. Too few raises the risk of bleeding and bruising. A usual adult range is about 150–400 × 10⁹/L (150,000–400,000 per µL); each lab has its own reference range.
The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).
Able to become pregnant: from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery (removal of the womb, or of both ovaries or both fallopian tubes).
Criteria for people of childbearing potential usually ask for a negative pregnancy test and for contraception during the study and for a time after it.
Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.
Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.
The New York Heart Association’s four classes of how much heart failure limits physical activity.
Studies set their own limit — many outside heart failure leave out class III–IV, while heart failure studies may ask for a particular class. Check the class this study names.
Judged by the study doctor to matter for your health or for the study. It is a doctor’s decision, so ask the study team if you are unsure whether something counts.
After a transplant from a donor, the donor’s immune cells attack the recipient’s body, often the skin, gut or liver.
Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.
Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.
Vaccines made with a weakened form of the germ, such as measles–mumps–rubella (MMR), chickenpox and yellow fever. They can be risky when the immune system is weakened. Flu injections are not live; the nasal flu spray is.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Relapsed and refractory
Relapsed: the illness came back after treatment had worked. Refractory: it did not respond to treatment, or stopped responding while still on it.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Allogeneic and autologous transplant
Stem cell (bone marrow) transplants. Allogeneic uses cells from a donor; autologous uses your own cells, collected earlier and given back.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
ECOG performance status
A scale of how much an illness limits everyday activity. For people being assessed to join a study, scores run from 0 (fully active) to 4; lower is more active.
Studies most often ask for 0–1 or 0–2. Your doctor gives the score; the WHO scale uses the same steps. The full scale also has 5, which records death.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Life expectancy
The study doctor’s estimate of how long someone is likely to live. Criteria use it so that people can stay in the study long enough for it to answer its question.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction)
The share of blood the heart’s main pumping chamber (the left ventricle) pushes out with each beat, measured by an echocardiogram (heart ultrasound) or a MUGA scan. About 50–70% is normal.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
ULN (upper limit of normal)
The top of the normal range for a blood test, as set by the laboratory that runs it. Each lab prints its own range next to your result.
“≤ 2.5 × ULN” means the result can be up to two and a half times that top value.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Creatinine clearance (CrCl)
How quickly the kidneys clear creatinine, a waste product, from the blood. A study may estimate it from a blood test with age, weight and sex (often by the Cockcroft–Gault formula), or measure it using blood and urine collected over a set time. Given in mL/min; higher is better.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
ALT and AST (liver enzymes)
Two enzymes measured in a routine blood test of the liver. Higher levels can mean the liver is under strain or damaged. SGPT and SGOT are older names for ALT and AST.
Criteria usually give a limit as a multiple of the upper limit of normal (ULN), often higher when cancer has spread to the liver.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Bilirubin
A yellow substance made when red blood cells are broken down, which the liver clears. A high level can mean a problem with the liver or the bile ducts.
Criteria often allow more for people with Gilbert’s syndrome, a harmless inherited condition that raises bilirubin.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)
The number of neutrophils, white blood cells that help fight infection, in a given amount of blood. Too few raises the risk of infection.
It is a count, not a percentage of the white cells. Limits are written in units that mean the same: ≥ 1.5 × 10⁹/L is ≥ 1,500 per mm³ (µL). Each lab has its own reference range.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Platelets
Blood cells that help blood clot. Too few raises the risk of bleeding and bruising. A usual adult range is about 150–400 × 10⁹/L (150,000–400,000 per µL); each lab has its own reference range.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Hemoglobin (Hb)
The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A low level is anaemia, which can cause tiredness and breathlessness. Measured in g/dL or g/L (9 g/dL is 90 g/L).
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Childbearing potential
Able to become pregnant: from the first period until menopause, unless permanently unable to through surgery (removal of the womb, or of both ovaries or both fallopian tubes).
Criteria for people of childbearing potential usually ask for a negative pregnancy test and for contraception during the study and for a time after it.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Contraception
Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.
Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
NYHA class (heart failure)
The New York Heart Association’s four classes of how much heart failure limits physical activity.
Studies set their own limit — many outside heart failure leave out class III–IV, while heart failure studies may ask for a particular class. Check the class this study names.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Clinically significant
Judged by the study doctor to matter for your health or for the study. It is a doctor’s decision, so ask the study team if you are unsure whether something counts.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
GVHD (graft-versus-host disease)
After a transplant from a donor, the donor’s immune cells attack the recipient’s body, often the skin, gut or liver.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Cancer (malignancy)
Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.
Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Live vaccines
Vaccines made with a weakened form of the germ, such as measles–mumps–rubella (MMR), chickenpox and yellow fever. They can be risky when the immune system is weakened. Flu injections are not live; the nasal flu spray is.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Participants receive a single intravenous infusion of PID23 Injection at one of three dose levels (0.8×10⁹, 2×10⁹, or 4×10⁹ TU) according to a rapid titration + standard 3+3 dose-escalation design. The starting dose is 0.8×10⁹ TU, with escalation to higher dose levels guided by safety and pharmacokinetic assessments. All subjects are hospitalized for observation for at least 3 weeks post-infusion and followed for up to 2 years.
Biological: PID23 Injection
PID23 is an in vivo CAR-T product, a lentiviral vector encoding CD19, BCMA, and CD70 chimeric antigen receptors, administered as a single intravenous infusion
Incidence of Dose-Limiting Toxicities (DLTs)
Number of participants experiencing DLTs during the DLT observation period. DLT is defined as any treatment-emergent adverse event meeting protocol-specified severity criteria assessed per CTCAE v6.0 and ASTCT criteria for CRS/ICANS.
Time frame: Up to 21 days post-PID23 infusion
Incidence and Severity of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events
Number and percentage of participants experiencing adverse events (AEs), graded per CTCAE v6.0. Includes all AEs, serious AEs (SAEs), and AEs of special interest (CRS, ICANS, HLH/MAS). Causality assessment performed by the investigator.
Time frame: Up to 2 years post-PID23 infusion
Objective Response Rate at 3 Months
Proportion of participants achieving complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi) at 3 months post-infusion. CR defined as bone marrow blasts \<5%, no peripheral blasts, ANC ≥1.0×10⁹/L, platelets ≥100×10⁹/L, no extramedullary disease. CRi defined as meeting all CR criteria except platelet \<100×10⁹/L and/or ANC \<1.0×10⁹/L.
Time frame: At 3 months post-infusion
Duration of Remission (DOR)
Time from first documented CR or CRi to first documented disease progression (PD) or death from any cause, whichever occurs first. Participants who do not achieve CR/CRi are not applicable for this analysis. Assessed per protocol until 2 years post-infusion.
Time frame: Up to 2 years post-infusion
Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
Time from PID23 infusion to first documented disease progression (PD) or death from any cause, whichever occurs first. Participants alive without progression are censored at the date of last disease assessment. Assessed per protocol through 2 years post-infusion or until event.
Time frame: Up to 2 years post-infusion
Overall Survival (OS)
Time from PID23 infusion to death from any cause. Participants alive at the end of follow-up are censored at the date of last known survival status. Assessed through 2 years post-infusion or until death, whichever occurs first.
Time frame: Up to 2 years post-infusion
Change from Baseline in Bone Marrow Blast Percentage
Change from baseline in percentage of bone marrow blasts assessed by bone marrow morphology. Measured at screening and at protocol-specified follow-up time points (M1, M2, M3, and every 3 months thereafter). Assessed per protocol schedule.
Time frame: Baseline through 2 years post-infusion
Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of CAR-T Cells in Peripheral Blood
Maximum concentration (Cmax) of CAR-T cells in peripheral blood, measured as CAR DNA copy number by quantitative PCR (copies/μg DNA) and/or percentage of CAR+ cells by flow cytometry. Blood samples collected at protocol-specified time points: 0h, 30min, 2h, 6h, 12h, D2, D4, D7, D10, D14, D21, M1, M2, M3, and long-term follow-up. Samples analyzed by the technology partner.
Time frame: Day 0 through 2 years post-infusion
Time to Maximum Concentration (Tmax) of CAR-T Cells
Time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) of CAR-T cells in peripheral blood, measured as CAR DNA copy number by quantitative PCR. Blood samples collected at protocol-specified time points from immediately post-infusion through long-term follow-up. Tmax determined from the concentration-time profile.
Time frame: Day 0 through 2 years post-infusion
Area Under the Curve (AUC0-28d) of CAR-T Cells
Area under the concentration-time curve from Day 0 to Day 28 (AUC0-28d) of CAR-T cells in peripheral blood, measured as CAR DNA copy number by quantitative PCR. Calculated using the linear trapezoidal rule. Blood samples collected at protocol-specified time points through Day 28.
Time frame: Day 0 through Day 28
Change from Baseline in Serum Cytokine Levels
Change from baseline in serum cytokine concentrations, including but not limited to IL-6, IL-1β, IL-2/IL-2R, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, CRP, and ferritin. Blood samples collected at protocol-specified time points: screening, D0 (pre-infusion), D2, D4, D7, D10, D14, and M1.
Time frame: Baseline through Month 1
Viral Clearance from Body Fluids
Detection of viral vector sequences in body fluid samples including blood, saliva, urine, and stool. Viral clearance is defined as two consecutive negative results. Samples collected at protocol-specified time points: 0h, 30min, 2h, 6h, 12h, D2, D4, D7, D10, D14, D21, and M1. Samples may be stored at -80°C and shipped in batches to the technology partner for analysis. Viral clearance assessed until two consecutive negative results are obtained.
Time frame: Day 0 through Month 1 or until two consecutive negatives, whichever came first
Plan to share: No — IPD will not be shared due to: (1) ongoing study with long-term follow-up through 2 years post-infusion; (2) small sample size (3-18) with high participant re-identification risk; (3) sensitive genetic information (CAR-T viral vector integration data) contained in the IPD; and (4) lack of infrastructure and funding for IPD sharing at this single-center investigator-initiated study. Comprehensive study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals. Requests for access to raw IPD for legitimate research purposes may be directed to the corresponding author via email.
No publications or documents are linked to this record.
This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in Jul 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma →