An interventional study of Non-linear Periodization-Based Strength Training and Linear Periodization-Based Strength Training in Type 2 Diabetes, sponsored by Baskent University. Recruiting at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-06-22.
Sponsored by Baskent University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
This randomized controlled study aims to compare the effects of different periodization-based strength training approaches in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants will be allocated to non-linear periodization, linear periodization, or control groups. The intervention program will be conducted for 8 weeks and will evaluate exercise capacity, muscle strength, quality of life, body composition, and metabolic parameters.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with reduced exercise capacity, decreased muscle strength, impaired quality of life, and metabolic dysfunction. Exercise training is recommended as an important component of diabetes management; however, the comparative effectiveness of different strength training periodization approaches remains unclear.
This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of non-linear periodization and linear periodization strength training programs in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants will be randomized into three groups: a non-linear periodization training group, a linear periodization training group, and a control group receiving usual care.
The intervention will be conducted for 8 weeks, three times per week. Outcomes including exercise capacity, muscle strength, body composition, quality of life, and metabolic parameters will be evaluated before and after the intervention period.
10,371 studies on the registry are indexed under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; 1,406 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 48 is below the median of 80 across 8,350 interventional studies indexed under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2.
Browse Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 studies →Baskent University is the lead sponsor of 209 studies on the registry; 35 are open to participants now.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
From a breathing test (spirometry): how much air you can blow out in the first second. Often given as a percentage of what is expected for your age, height and sex.
Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.
Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
FEV1
From a breathing test (spirometry): how much air you can blow out in the first second. Often given as a percentage of what is expected for your age, height and sex.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Cancer (malignancy)
Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.
Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Participants will receive non-linear periodization-based strength training three times per week for 8 weeks.
Behavioral: Non-linear Periodization-Based Strength Training
Participants will receive linear periodization-based strength training three times per week for 8 weeks.
Behavioral: Linear Periodization-Based Strength Training
Participants will receive usual care and no structured exercise intervention during the study period.
Other: Usual Care
Participants will perform supervised non-linear periodization-based strength training three times per week for 8 weeks.
Participants will perform supervised linear periodization-based strength training three times per week for 8 weeks.
Participants will receive usual care and no structured exercise intervention during the study period.
Exercise Capacity
Exercise capacity will be assessed using the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)
Time frame: Baseline and after 8 week
Change in Peripheral Muscle Strength
Peripheral muscle strength will be assessed using handheld dynamometry for upper and lower extremity muscle groups and reported in Newton (N).
Time frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks
Change in Hand Grip Strength
Hand grip strength will be assessed using a hand dynamometer and reported in kilograms (kg).
Time frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks
Change in Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire Score
Change in the Turkish version of the Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire (DQOL) total score and subscale scores from baseline to 8 weeks will be evaluated. The DQOL consists of 45 items assessing treatment satisfaction, psychological impact, concerns about future effects of diabetes, and social/vocational concerns. Each item is scored on a 1-5 scale, and higher scores indicate better diabetes-related quality of life.
Time frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks
Change in Body Fat Percentage
Body fat percentage (%) will be assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).
Time frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks
Change in Skeletal Muscle Mass
Skeletal muscle mass (kg) will be assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).
Time frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks
Change in Resting Metabolic Rate
Resting metabolic rate (kcal/day) will be assessed using indirect calorimetry (COSMED Fitmate Pro, Rome, Italy).
Time frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks
Change in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
Glycemic control will be assessed by measuring glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (%).
Time frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks
Change in Fasting Blood Glucose
Glycemic control will be assessed by measuring fasting blood glucose levels (mg/dL).
Time frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks
Plan to share: No
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