An interventional study of Let us Grow Together: Economic Wellbeing for Families in Parenting Practices, Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and Mental Health, sponsored by Shruti Shukla. Active, not recruiting at 4 sites in India. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 49 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-06-16.
Sponsored by Shruti Shukla · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention
Many families in India experience intimate partner violence (IPV) and financial stress, both of which can harm the way parents interact with and discipline their children. When parents are under stress, they may be more likely to use harsh physical discipline or be less involved and warm with their children. Improving how couples communicate, manage money together, and relate to each other more fairly may help parents raise their children in healthier and more nurturing ways.
This study examines whether a couples-based programme, "Let Us Grow Together: Economic Wellbeing for Families," improves parenting practices among married couples in India. The programme consists of six group sessions attended by husbands and wives together. Sessions cover financial skills such as budgeting, saving, and joint financial planning, alongside topics on respectful relationships, communication, and shared decision-making in the household. Sessions are delivered over approximately five months by trained male and female facilitators, with text message reminders sent between sessions to reinforce key messages.
The study is nested within a larger randomised controlled trial called ECOVI (Disentangling and Preventing Economic Violence against Women), conducted across three Indian states: Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Rajasthan, involving 2,276 married couples. Villages or community groups are randomly assigned to either receive the programme or continue as usual. This random assignment means the study can reliably measure whether the programme, rather than some other factor, caused any changes in parenting.
Parenting is assessed at the end of the study (endline) using questions from the s-EMBU-P Questionnaire, a widely used and validated tool. These questions ask mothers and fathers separately about three aspects of parenting: rejection/harsh parenting, emotional warmth/positive parenting and overprotection/control.
The study also examines whether any improvements in parenting occur because the programme reduces violence between partners, improves parents' mental health, reduces family financial stress, or improves their relationship. All of these mediators are measured at baseline and endline. Both mothers and fathers are asked about their own parenting practices separately, making this one of the few studies to examine how such a programme affects fathers' and mothers' parenting practices in this context.
Study Overview This sub-study is nested within the ECOVI trial (Disentangling and Preventing Economic Violence against Women), a two-arm cluster RCT evaluating a couples-based financial literacy and gender-transformative intervention ("Let Us Grow Together: Economic Wellbeing for Families") across 150 clusters in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Rajasthan, India. The sub-study examines parenting practices as an understudied downstream outcome. Parenting questions (s-EMBU-P) are added to the ECOVI endline survey prior to data collection, providing a fully prospective analysis plan. All mediator measures, including IPV types and mental health (GHQ-6), are collected at baseline and endline as part of the main trial. The sub-study pursues four objectives: (1) to estimate whether the intervention effect on parenting operates through relational quality (Relationship channel); (2) through a reduction in IPV (IPV Reduction channel); (3) through improvement in parents' mental health (Mental Health channel); and (4) through financial distress reduction (Financial Distress channel).
Background and Motivation Parenting practices fall into two broad dimensions: negative practices (corporal punishment, inconsistent discipline, poor monitoring) and positive practices (warmth, responsiveness, emotional involvement, active engagement in learning). Negative parenting, particularly harsh physical discipline, is associated with elevated child anxiety, aggression, and long-term deficits in cognitive and socio-emotional functioning. Positive parenting serves as a protective factor, buffering children from the adverse effects of household poverty, conflict, and other adversities.
IPV is well-documented as an important driver of parenting quality. Exposure to IPV is associated with declines in nurturance and communication between parents and children and with increases in aggression toward children. Effects of IPV on harsh parenting are partly mediated by parental depression, establishing mental health as a key mechanism linking couple-level violence to parent-child interactions. Notably, most existing evidence focuses on mothers; relatively little is known about how paternal involvement in IPV affects men's own parenting.
Mental health is a central mediating pathway: depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and parenting stress are the psychosocial risks most consistently linked to child maltreatment. Experimental evidence indicates that interventions reducing maternal depression can produce lasting improvements in parenting investments and reductions in child physical abuse, and that mental health fully mediates associations between economic empowerment and child maltreatment.
Gender-transformative couples' programmes have demonstrated reductions in both IPV and violent discipline of children. Key programme features include engaging fathers alongside mothers, addressing marital conflict, and transforming attitudes condoning gender inequality. Evidence from multi-site RCTs demonstrates that such programmes even when parenting is not the primary target can produce lasting downstream improvements in parenting, suggesting that skills in equitable communication and joint decision-making transfer to parent-child interactions.
Conceptual Framework and Proposed Pathways
Four pathways through which the intervention may affect parenting practices are proposed:
Relationship channel: Improved communication, gender norms, and relationship quality may translate directly into better parenting behaviours, independent of changes in IPV or mental health.
IPV Reduction channel: Reductions in household violence and conflict reduce parenting stress and emotional exhaustion, enabling more consistent, warm, and non-violent discipline.
Mental Health channel: Improvements in mental health - driven partly by IPV reductions and improved relationship quality - can increase parenting capacity.
Financial Distress Reduction channel: Reductions in financial stress, a direct goal of the financial literacy pillar, may lead to more positive and non-violent discipline.
Research Questions and Hypotheses
Research questions addressed by the sub-study:
RQ-1: Does assignment to the intervention improve parenting practices at endline, relative to the control group? RQ-2: Is any intervention effect on parenting practices mediated by improvement in the couple relationship (Relationship channel)? RQ-3: Is any intervention effect on parenting practices mediated by a reduction in IPV between baseline and endline (IPV Reduction channel)? RQ-4: Is any intervention effect on parenting practices mediated by an improvement in psychological well-being (GHQ-6) between baseline and endline (Mental Health channel)? RQ-5: Is any intervention effect on parenting practices mediated by an improvement in financial distress between baseline and endline (Financial Distress channel)?
Pre-specified hypotheses:
H1 (Negative parenting): Compared to control group parents, intervention group parents will report lower harsh parenting and lower overprotection/control at endline.
H2 (Positive parenting): Compared to control group parents, intervention group parents will report higher positive parenting at endline.
H3 (Mediation - IPV and Financial Distress channels): A portion of the intervention's effect on parenting practices will be mediated by a reduction in IPV and financial stress.
H4 (Mediation - Mental Health and Relationship channels): A portion of the intervention's effect on parenting practices will be mediated by improvement in GHQ-6 scores and better relationship quality.
Measurement and Analytic Sample Parenting outcomes are observed at endline only, having been added to the endline survey before data collection commenced. The proposed mediators - IPV, mental health, relationship quality, and financial distress - are observed at both baseline and endline as part of the main ECOVI trial.
For the parenting analysis, the analytic sample is restricted to couples with at least one child residing in the household at the time of the endline survey. Where a household includes multiple children, respondents are asked to answer parenting questions regarding the youngest school-age child (the youngest child aged 5-18 currently enrolled in school). Parenting questions are administered separately to mothers and fathers; primary analyses are conducted separately for each, generating gender-specific ITT estimates.
Outcome Measures
Parenting practices are assessed using a 10-item subset of the validated short-EMBU Parent version (s-EMBU-P), covering three subscales:
Items are rated on a four-point frequency scale (1 = No, never; 4 = Yes, most of the time). Each subscale score is computed as the mean of its constituent items. For composite analyses, the negative parenting subscales (HP and C) are reverse-coded prior to averaging, so that higher values across all composite indices indicate better parenting outcomes. Items are translated into Marathi, Telugu, and Hindi/Rajasthani using standard forward-back translation procedures.
Mediator Variables Intimate Partner Violence (IPV): IPV is measured using the instrument employed in the main ECOVI trial, including physical, sexual, economic, and emotional/psychological IPV subscales consistent with WHO measurement standards. Women's experience of IPV is assessed. The mediating variable is the change score (endline IPV minus baseline IPV), with negative values indicating a reduction in IPV.
Mental Health (GHQ-6): Psychological distress is measured using the General Health Questionnaire-6 (GHQ-6), scored 1-5 with higher scores indicating greater distress. The mediating variable is the change score (endline minus baseline GHQ-6), with negative values indicating improvement.
Relationship Quality: Change in a composite Relationship Satisfaction Index measuring perceptions of the couple as a team, happiness in the relationship, and relationship strength. Scored 1-5, with higher scores indicating a stronger perceived relationship. Positive change scores indicate improvement.
Financial Distress: Measured as the frequency and severity of household economic hardship over the past six months (scale 1-6, with higher values indicating lower distress), capturing perceived financial stress, food insecurity, difficulty meeting basic needs, reliance on borrowing or asset depletion, and indirect impacts on children's well-being. Positive change scores indicate reduced distress.
Covariates Baseline covariates included in all primary regression models: respondent age; respondent education; respondent socioeconomic status; residential type (rural vs. urban); living arrangement (co-residing with in-laws vs. not); gender norms; and state fixed effects (Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan). Baseline values of each mediator are also included in both mediator and outcome models to account for regression to the mean and strengthen identification.
Analytical Strategy Primary ITT Analysis
The primary analysis estimates the Intent-to-Treat (ITT) effect of the intervention on each s-EMBU-P subscale score and on composite indices using OLS regression:
Yᵢ = α + β·Tᵢ + γ·Xᵢ + εᵢ where Yᵢ is the standardised parenting score of individual i at endline; Tᵢ is a binary treatment indicator (1 = intervention, 0 = control); Xᵢ is a vector of pre-specified baseline covariates; and εᵢ is the error term. Standard errors are clustered at the community level. The coefficient β is the ITT estimate of interest.
To address multiple testing, a composite Negative Parenting Index (mean of standardised HP and C scores, reverse-coded so higher = worse) and a Positive Parenting Index (standardised PP score) are pre-specified as primary outcomes. Individual subscale regressions are reported as secondary outcomes.
Mediation Analysis Causal mediation analysis decomposes the total treatment effect into: (a) the Average Causal Mediation Effect (ACME) - the indirect effect operating through the mediator - and (b) the Average Direct Effect (ADE) - the effect not operating through the mediator. All mediators are defined as change scores between baseline and endline. Each mediator is analysed separately in the primary mediation models.
Because mediators are not randomised, identification relies on the sequential ignorability assumption. Mediation estimates are therefore interpreted as indicative of plausible pathways rather than definitive causal mechanisms. Sensitivity analyses estimate the sensitivity parameter ρ (the correlation between error terms of the mediator and outcome models) and report the value of ρ at which the ACME would equal zero.
An additional exploratory structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis examines multiple mediating pathways simultaneously, including indirect and sequential pathways. SEM results are interpreted as descriptive of pathway structure rather than causal identification.
Ethical Considerations This sub-study is conducted under the ethical approval obtained for the main ECOVI trial by the Technical University of Munich and PCI India. The addition of parenting questions to the endline survey constitutes a minor amendment to the data collection instrument; relevant ethics board approval is obtained prior to fielding the amended endline survey. All participants provide written informed consent, are informed of their right to withdraw at any time, and are assured of the confidentiality of their responses.
154 studies on the registry are indexed under Empowerment; 31 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 4,552 is above the median of 141 across 132 interventional studies indexed under Empowerment.
Browse Empowerment studies →This is the only study on the registry with Shruti Shukla as lead sponsor.
Compared within Empowerment, this study's primary condition as ClinicalTrials.gg classifies it; the registry's first condition term is Psychological Well-Being. The counts are of registry records indexed under each term, refreshed daily. How we classify →
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Married couples in clusters assigned to the intervention receive a structured program of six community-based sessions. Each session lasts between 2.5 and 3 hours and includes participatory activities, discussions, and exercises. All six sessions would be conducted by the same two facilitators - one male and one female. The content integrates financial literacy (e.g., household budgeting, saving practices, joint financial planning) with gender-transformative training (e.g., equitable household roles, communication skills, conflict resolution, and fostering empathy between spouses). Sessions are delivered by trained facilitators in a group setting with 15 couples, approximately every 2-4 weeks. Some sensitive content to address the economic violence context would be done in a gender-segregated manner, separately to encourage reflections, ensure safety, and reduce defensiveness. Between sessions, SMS reminders and tips are sent to participants' mobile phones to reinforce key messages.
Behavioral: Let us Grow Together: Economic Wellbeing for Families
Married couples in clusters assigned to the control arm do not receive the special couples training during the study period. This control condition represents the status quo against which the intervention's added effect can be measured. After the conclusion of the study, control clusters may be offered the intervention materials or sessions via NGO partners if investigators find overall positive treatment effects, ensuring ethical considerations are met.
Married couples in clusters assigned to the intervention receive a structured program of six community-based sessions. Each session lasts between 2.5 and 3 hours and includes participatory activities, discussions, and exercises. All six sessions would be conducted by the same two facilitators - one male and one female. The content integrates financial literacy (e.g.,household budgeting, saving practices, joint financial planning) with gender-transformative training (e.g., equitable household roles, communication skills, conflict resolution, and fostering empathy between spouses). Sessions are delivered by trained facilitators in a group setting with fifteen couples, approximately every 2-4 weeks. Some sensitive content to address the economic violence context would be done in a gender-segregated manner, separately to encourage reflections, ensure safety, and reduce defensiveness. Between sessions, SMS reminders and tips are sent to participants' mobile phones to reinforce key messages.
Parenting practices
Parenting practices will be assessed using a 10-item subset of the 23-item long s-EMBU P. The following are statements about things that may happen in a family. Please select how often each typically occurs in your home. Think about \[your youngest child\] when answering. Response scale: 1 = No to 4 = Yes, most of the time I get angry with my child without letting him/her know the reason. I use physical punishment to discipline my child. I criticize my child and tell him/her how lazy and useless he/she is in front of others. I punish my child hard, even for small offences. I try to comfort and encourage my child if things go badly for him/her. I use words and gestures to show that I like my child. I praise my child. I am proud when my child succeeds in something he/she has undertaken. I put strict limits on what my child is and is not allowed to do, to which I then adhere rigorously. When my child comes home, he/she has to account for what he/she had been doing to me.
Time frame: 6 months after intervention - at study Endline. Approximate start August 2026
Mediator Variables
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV): IPV is measured using the instrument employed in the main ECOVI trial, which includes physical, sexual, economic, and emotional/psychological IPV subscales consistent with WHO measurement standards. Women's experience of IPV will be assessed. The mediating variable is the change score (endline IPV minus baseline IPV).
Time frame: Baseline (July to September 2025) and at endline (approximately August to October 2026), 6 months after intervention ends
Mediator Variables
Mental Health (GHQ-6): Psychological distress is measured using the General Health Questionnaire-6 (GHQ-6) adapted for field use. The GHQ-6 is scored 1-5, with higher scores indicating greater distress. The mediating variable is the change score (endline minus baseline GHQ-6).
Time frame: Baseline (July to September 2025) and at endline (approximately August to October 2026), 6 months after intervention ends
Mediator Variables
Relationship quality measured using a composite Relationship Satisfaction Index, assessing perceptions of the couple as a team, happiness in the relationship, and relationship strength. Scored 1-5 with higher scores indicating a stronger perceived relationship. The mediating variable is the change score (endline minus baseline).
Time frame: Baseline (July to September 2025) and at endline (approximately August to October 2026), 6 months after intervention ends
Mediator Variables
Financial distress is measured as the frequency and severity of household economic hardship over the past six months (scale 1-6, with higher values indicating lower distress). The mediating variable is the change score (endline minus baseline), where positive values indicate reduced distress.
Time frame: Baseline (July to September 2025) and at endline (approximately August to October 2026), 6 months after intervention ends
Plan to share: No — Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared. However, fully anonymized datasets maybe shared with project partners and qualified researchers working on related topics (e.g.,mental health and economic violence) for secondary analyses, including cross-country or pooled analyses, subject to data sharing agreements and ethical approvals. Timeframe: Anonymized data may be shared beginning in 2027, following primary publications. Access Criteria: Available on request upon approval by overall study PI Prof. Dr. Steinert
Started Jul 2025 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Jan 2027, 18 months after the start.
Of 82 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Empowerment, half reached primary completion within 22 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 11 and three quarters within 45. This study's planned 18 months is below that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 82 studies reached it within 22 months; a quarter within 11 and three quarters within 45.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
This study is active, not recruiting, as verified in Jun 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.
Sign in to followQuestions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.
Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.
Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.