CClinicalTrials.gg
Not yet recruitingNCT07592364Updated May 18, 2026

A Research Comparing Efficacy of PIEB Plus PCEA vs CEI Plus PCEA for Labour Analgesia

An interventional study of Programmed intermittent epidural bolus 10 ml and continuous epidural infusion in Pregnant Women and Labour Analgesia, sponsored by Aiman Bin Ab Adzim. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Malaysia. Open to female participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-05-18.

Sponsored by Aiman Bin Ab Adzim · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
88
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
Female
01

Study summary

During labour process, one of the most effective ways to manage pain is via epidural analgesia. It is commonly and widely use for all pregnant women underwent labour process. It provides good pain relief during labour process especially for contraction pain and pain during descending of baby during delivery.

During epidural insertion, a small catheter (which is flexible and thin) will be inserted via epidural needle at the back. Using this epidural catheter, pain medication will be given to ease and help controlling the pain. This procedure is usually done after you have been admitted to labour room.

In this research, investigator will compare among two different method of epidural administration which are:

- Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus with Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia (PIEB +

PCEA):

  • This method will enable the medication to be served automatically within the set time through the epidural catheter and allows for participants to manage additional boluses of medication according to the participants pain level.

    - Continuous Epidural Infusion with Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia (CEI + PCEA):

  • This method will deliver continuous infusion of medication and allows for participants to manage additional boluses of medication according to the participants pain level.

Investigator want to determine the best method between this two in order to have better pain control, less usage of medication and improving the satisfaction of patient. In participating this research, the participants will help us in understanding the best method to be use for the labour process in which eventually help other future patient who is in need.

02

Conditions studied

  • Pregnant Women
  • Labour Analgesia

Keywords

  • Parturient
  • Pregnant
  • PIEB
  • PCEA
  • CEI
  • Labour Analgesia
03

In context

Lead sponsor

This is the only study on the registry with Aiman Bin Ab Adzim as lead sponsor.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • All pregnant female > 36 weeks of gestation
  • Age 18 years old and above
  • ASA I and II
  • Consented for study

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Allergies to LA and opioids
  • Severe systemic and mental disease
  • Contraindication to regional analgesia
  • Hemodynamic instabilities
  • Systemic coagulopathies
  • Treatment with anticoagulants
  • Severe obstetric complications - eg. eclampsia, placenta previae
  • Patient refusal
  • Failed epidural insertion
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
88 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    PIEB plus PCEA

    Patient will received programmed intermitted epidural bolus plus patient controlled epidural analgesia with a drug concentration of 0.05% ropivacaine plus fentanyl 2mcg/ml. The bolus and patient controlled will be 10mls of the drug concentration

    Procedure: Programmed intermittent epidural bolus 10 ml

  • Active comparator
    CEI plus PCEA

    Patient will received continuous epidural infusion plus patient controlled epidural analgesia with a drug concentration of 0.05% ropivacaine plus fentanyl 2mcg/ml. The infusion will run at 10ml/hour and patient controlled will be 10mls of the drug concentration

    Procedure: continuous epidural infusion

Interventions

  • ProcedureProgrammed intermittent epidural bolus 10 ml

    Programmed intermitted epidural bolus plus patient controlled epidural analgesia with drug and concentration of ropivacaine 0.05% plus fentanyl 2mcg/ml. Patient will received hourly bolus of 10mls and patient controlled 10mls of bolus

    Also known as: patient controlled epidural analgesia

  • Procedurecontinuous epidural infusion

    Continuous epidural infusion plus patient controlled epidural analgesia with drug and concentration of ropivacaine 0.05% plus fentanyl 2mcg/ml. Patient will received 10mls/hr infusion plus patient controlled of 10mls per bolus

    Also known as: patient controlled epidural analgesia

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. compare the effectiveness of PIEB plus PCEA versus CEI plus PCEA in labour analgesia via VAS score, total LA consumption and maternal satisfaction

    Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score with 0 for no pain and 10 for worst possible pain

    Time frame: From enrollment to the removal of epidural catheter

  2. compare the effectiveness of PIEB plus PCEA versus CEI plus PCEA in labour analgesia via total LA consumption

    total Local Anaesthesia (LA) consumption related to the total amount which is used throughout the procedure

    Time frame: From enrollment to the removal of epidural catheter

  3. compare the effectiveness of PIEB plus PCEA versus CEI plus PCEA in labour analgesia via VAS score, total LA consumption and maternal satisfaction

    maternal satisfaction is via likert scale with 1 is very dissatisfied and 5 is very satisfied

    Time frame: From enrollment to the removal of epidural catheter

Secondary outcomes

  1. compare the incidence of breakthrough pain requiring clinician bolus in PIEB plus PCEA versus CEI plus PCEA

    comparing number of breakthrough pain which requires intervention by the clinician to give rescue bolus in between each group

    Time frame: From epidural catheter insertion until removal of epidural catheter

  2. compare the incidence of motor blocked in PIEB plus PCEA versus CEI plus PCEA

    comparing if there is any occurence of motor blockade in anytime during the study period by modified bromage scale

    Time frame: after epidural catheter insertion until the removal of epidural catheter

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah UPM
    Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
    • Aiman Ab Adzim, MBBS · Contact · aimanadzim1224@gmail.com · +60132750766
    • Nik Rowina Nik Mohammed, MD, MMed Anaesthesiology · Contact · nikrowina@upm.edu.my · +60199415676
    • Aiman Ab Adzim, MBBS · Principal investigator
    • Nik Rowina Nik Mohammed, MD, MMED Anaesthesiology · Sub investigator
    • Previna a/p Anatory, MD, MMED Anaesthesiology · Sub investigator
    • Nurul Najwa Mohd Noor, MD, MMED Anaesthesiology · Sub investigator
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Ryu JH, et al. Hemodynamic and motor block characteristics of intermittent bolus epidural regimens in parturients. *Reg Anesth Pain Med.* 2018;43(5):497-503.
  • Zhang N, et al. Effect of adrenaline-supplemented PIEB vs CEI on analgesia and satisfaction in labouring women. *Anaesth Intensive Care.* 2020;48(6):423-430.
  • Lee JS, et al. Network meta-analysis of epidural infusion techniques for labour pain: PIEB versus CEI regimens. *Pain Pract.* 2023;23(4):412-420.
  • Yadav M, et al. Randomized comparison of CEI + PCEA versus PIEB + PCEA for labour analgesia. *Indian J Anaesth.* 2021;65(12):959-965.
  • Zhang T, et al. Comparative review of PIEB and CEI methods for labour analgesia. *Front Med.* 2023;10:1054523.
  • Fong J, et al. Network meta-analysis of PIEB and CEI techniques for epidural labour analgesia. *Anesth Pain Med.* 2022;12(3):e12145.
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Continuous versus intermittent epidural regimens for labour analgesia: evidence summary. 2021.
  • McKenzie CP, et al. Comparative efficacy of PIEB + PCEA versus CEI + PCEA on pain scores and local anaesthetic use. *Int J Obstet Anesth.* 2019;37:1-8.
  • George RB, et al. Impact of PIEB on maternal satisfaction and motor block during labour: a randomised controlled trial. *Br J Anaesth.* 2020;125(4):e345-e352.
  • Carvalho B, et al. Mechanistic evaluation of programmed intermittent bolus delivery for labour analgesia. *Anesthesiology.* 2017;127(2):198-205.
  • Fettes PD, et al. Programmed intermittent epidural bolus in labour analgesia: current evidence and practice recommendations. *Eur J Anaesthesiol.* 2021;38(8):757-765.
  • Zhang S, et al. Programmed intermittent epidural bolus for labour analgesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. *Int J Environ Res Public Health.* 2020;17(19):7082.
  • Haidl F, Arne Rosseland L, Rorvik AM, Dahl V. Programmed intermittent boluses vs continuous epidural infusion in labor using an adrenaline containing solution: A randomized trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2020 Nov;64(10):1505-1512. doi: 10.1111/aas.13689. Epub 2020 Sep 7. PubMed 32812652 ↗
  • Higashi M, Shigematsu K, Nakamori E, Sakurai S, Yamaura K. Efficacy of programmed intermittent bolus epidural analgesia in thoracic surgery: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2019 Jun 15;19(1):107. doi: 10.1186/s12871-019-0780-0. PubMed 31200641 ↗
  • Gambling DR, Yu P, Cole C, McMorland GH, Palmer L. A comparative study of patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) and continuous infusion epidural analgesia (CIEA) during labour. Can J Anaesth. 1988 May;35(3 ( Pt 1)):249-54. doi: 10.1007/BF03010618. PubMed 3289769 ↗
  • Wong CA, Ratliff JT, Sullivan JT, Scavone BM, Toledo P, McCarthy RJ. A randomized comparison of programmed intermittent epidural bolus with continuous epidural infusion for labor analgesia. Anesth Analg. 2006 Mar;102(3):904-9. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000197778.57615.1a. PubMed 16492849 ↗
  • Liu Q, et al. Comparison of different delivery modalities of epidural analgesia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. *Can J Anaesth.* 2022;69(8):871-885.
  • Wang XX, Zhang XL, Zhang ZX, Xin ZQ, Guo HJ, Liu HY, Xiao J, Zhang YL, Yuan SZ. Programmed intermittent epidural bolus in parturients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Feb 4;101(5):e28742. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028742. PubMed 35119026 ↗
  • Kim Y, Lee D, Kwon H, et al. Analgesic efficacy of programmed intermittent epidural bolus versus continuous epidural infusion for labour analgesia. *J Anaesth Clin Pharmacol.* 2022;38(2):160-166.
  • Aleksandrovich YS, Murieva EA, Pshenisnov KV, Riazanova OV. Hormonal status of the mother and her newborn child after using long-term epidural analgesia in childbirth. Pediatrician 2011; 2: 51-55

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided — This is a study for postgraduate studies and investigator might not be involved in the specific related field anymore (subspecialty of obstetric anaesthesia) after the study completed

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on May 18, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07592364
Lead sponsor
Aiman Bin Ab Adzim
Responsible party
Aiman Bin Ab Adzim (Medical officer, Universiti Putra Malaysia) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
May 18, 2026
Start date
Jul 1, 2026 (estimated)
Primary completion
May 31, 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 31, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
May 18, 2026

Study contacts

Aiman Ab Adzim
Contact
aimanadzim1224@gmail.com
+60132750766
Nik Rowina Nik Mohammed
Contact
nikrowina@upm.edu.my
+60199415676

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in May 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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