An observational study in Autism and ADHD, sponsored by Umeå University. Recruiting at 1 site in Sweden. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-04-15.
Sponsored by Umeå University · Observational
Neuropsychiatric conditions such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and autism are characterized by specific deficits in cognitive functions. Thus, neuropsychological assessment is a critical part of the diagnostic process for these conditions. Inhibition is a specific function of interest during these examinations, since it is often affected in patients with ADHD and/or autism. The Five Digits Test (FDT) is a newly developed test measuring inhibition, without requirements of reading ability, and only limited requirements of language proficiency.
The aim of this study is to investigate the validity of the FDT in patients with neuropsychiatric conditions. The FDT will be validated using the following research questions:
In a cross-sectional design, patients with or under examination for either ADHD or autism will be invited to participate in the project. Patients will receive both written and oral information about the project and sign informed consent before data collection begins. After this, patients will complete the BRIEF-A and answer some questions regarding demographic and health related factors. Before starting the testing session patients will be randomly assigned to perform FDT first or the CWIT first, to control for test-retest or learning effects. Healthy controls will be recruited through advertisements, otherwise the data collection procedure will be the same as for patients.
The validity of FDT will be validated against the CWIT and the BRIEF-A using Pearson and/or Spearman correlation coefficients. The strength of the correlations will be interpreted using Cohen's (1992) cutoffs of weak (0.1), medium (0.3) and strong (0.5) correlations. Additionally, multiple linear regressions will be performed to investigate and adjust for background variables. Student's t-tests and/or ANCOVAS will be used to compare differences between groups.
1,344 studies on the registry are indexed under Autistic Disorder; 334 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 150 is above the median of 102 across 267 observational studies indexed under Autistic Disorder.
Browse Autistic Disorder studies →Umeå University is the lead sponsor of 263 studies on the registry; 60 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
All patients referred to neuropsychiatric examination, ADHD and/or autism at the Psychiatric Clinic at Umeå University Hospital will be offered to participate in the study. A comparison group of healthy volunteers will be recruited using advertising.
Exclusion Criteria:
Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Diagnostic Test: Five Digits Test
Patients with Autism
Diagnostic Test: Five Digits Test
Healthy Controls
Diagnostic Test: Five Digits Test
Neuropsychological test of Inhibition
Convergent validity of the Five Digits Test
The results of the Five Digits Test will be validated against the test Color-Word Interference Test from Delis-Kaplan Executive Functions system. The validation will be performed by calculation of the correlation coefficient (Pearson or Spearman) between these tests. Time to completion will be used as outcome in both tests, where slower times indicate lower performance.
Time frame: Baseline
Ecological validity of the Five Digits Test
The results of the Five Digits Test will be validated against self-assessment questionnaire BRIEF - Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Time to completion in each condition is the outcome of the Five Digits Test, where a slower performance indicate a lower score. Raw scores (where higher score indicate a larger degree of problems) and scaled scores (where lower score indicate a larger degree of problems) for specific scales/indexes (Inhibition; Emotional Control; Self-monitoring; Behavioral Regulation Index) are the outcomes of interest from the BRIEF. The validation will be performed by calculation of the correlation coefficient (Pearson or Spearman) between performance on the FDT and the scales of the BRIEF.
Time frame: Baseline
Plan to share: No — National regulations about sharing data regarding patients.
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