An observational study in Healthy Volunteers, sponsored by Trustees of Dartmouth College. Not yet recruiting. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 35 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-04-14.
Sponsored by Trustees of Dartmouth College · Observational
This study will investigate the use of real-time fMRI to change how participants perceive social information.
The investigators have previously established stable individual differences in how people accumulate evidence for the presence and nature of a social interaction in visual displays, termed "social tuning curves". Taking individuals with deeply characterized neural and behavioral social tuning curves, this protocol will covertly manipulate percepts in two ways using real-time fMRI: 1) brain-state-triggered trials to bias participants toward a given percept based on their pre-stimulus brain state, and 2) implicit neurofeedback prior to and during stimulus exposure to teach participants to control their brain activity in social-perceptual circuits. These experiments will directly test causal relationships between activity at different levels of the cortical hierarchy and an individual's ultimate percept of a given social stimulus.
Healthy individuals between 18 and 35 years of age
Exclusion Criteria:
During each fMRI session, we will monitor subjects' brain activity in real time and use univariate and/or multivariate activity patterns to trigger trial presentation. For each individual, we will select three regions: one key region early in the cortical hierarchy (e.g., MT), one key region late in the cortical hierarchy (e.g., anterior temporal), and one control region that does not show strong tuning to social information (e.g., primary auditory). These regions will be functionally defined for each individual using data from their characterization sessions. Subjects will report percepts behaviorally after each trial. For each region for each individual, we will then test the correlation between pre-stimulus activity and the likelihood of reporting certain percepts across trials.
Neurofeedback is a type of biofeedback that uses real-time displays of brain activity in an attempt to teach subjects to self-regulate their brain function. Here we will use implicit neurofeedback, meaning that subjects will see a feedback signal, but will not be told what that feedback signal represents (i.e., which brain region) or what the expected effects of learning to control that brain region might be. This type of neurofeedback is less prone to suggestibility and other confounding effects. Each of the two scan sessions dedicated to this intervention will be split into four equal blocks in a 2x2 design with region (early or late) and direction of modulation (up or down). Subjects will see a continuous feedback signal representing the region and direction, and will be asked to try to modulate the signal using any strategy that occurs to them.
Likelihood of certain social percepts (behavioral)
Likelihood of participants to report perceiving certain types of interactions in social animations. Percepts are characterized according to if a social interaction was perceived, and if so, how it was perceived (on a valence axis from positive to neutral to negative).
Time frame: during fMRI session
Control over brain activity (fMRI-based)
In Expt 3B (implicit neurofeedback), the degree of control obtained over the target brain region in each block will serve as a secondary outcome measure. Dynamics of brain activity in the region will be assessed over the course of the block and compared to a control block where participants were attempting to control a different region, and/or the same region in the opposite direction. The specific outcome measure will be the extent to which activity increases or decreases (i.e., slope over time) according to the instructions in that block, measured relative to the change in activity (slope) in a control block.
Time frame: during fMRI session
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Trustees of Dartmouth College