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Not yet recruitingNCT07417657GUT-LUNG RSVUpdated Feb 18, 2026

Gut Microbiome and Immune Response in Severe RSV Infection in Vietnamese Infants

An observational study in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection, Bronchiolitis and Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI), sponsored by Phuc Huu Phan. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Vietnam. Open to participants aged 1 Month to 24 Months. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-02-18.

Sponsored by Phuc Huu Phan · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
250
Ages
1 Month to 24 Months
Sex
All
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Study summary

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in young children, and a substantial proportion of severe cases occur in previously healthy infants. The gut-lung axis suggests that gut microbiome composition may modulate respiratory immune responses. This prospective observational study in Vietnam will compare gut microbiome profiles and systemic immune cytokine responses between infants with severe RSV infection and those with mild RSV infection, aiming to identify microbiome-immune signatures associated with disease severity.

Read the detailed description

This is a single-center, prospective observational study conducted at Vietnam National Children's Hospital in Hanoi over 48 months. Approximately 250 infants aged 1-24 months with RT-PCR-confirmed RSV lower respiratory tract infection will be enrolled and classified into severe vs mild groups based on need for advanced respiratory support (HFNC/CPAP/invasive ventilation) and/or PICU admission versus no/low-flow oxygen requirement. Stool samples collected within the first 24 hours of admission will undergo 16S rRNA sequencing (V3-V4 region) to characterize gut microbiome diversity and taxa abundance. Blood samples collected within the first 24 hours will be used to quantify key cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-22) using ELISA; immune cell subsets may be assessed by flow cytometry. Clinical severity will be assessed using standardized pediatric scores (PRISM III, PELOD, pSOFA) and treatment outcomes will be recorded. The study will evaluate associations among microbiome features, immune response markers, and RSV severity to propose candidate integrated biomarkers for early risk stratification.

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Conditions studied

  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
  • Bronchiolitis
  • Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI)

Keywords

  • RSV
  • gut microbiome
  • 16S rRNA
  • Gut-lung axis
  • Vietnam
  • infants
  • Biomarkers
  • Bronchiolitis
  • Lower respiratory tract infection
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In context

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections

306 studies on the registry are indexed under Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections; 50 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 250 is below the median of 375 across 76 observational studies indexed under Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections.

Browse Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections studies →

Lead sponsor

Phuc Huu Phan is the lead sponsor of 2 studies on the registry; 2 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
1 Month to 24 Months
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Infants with acute lower respiratory tract infection and RT-PCR-confirmed RSV presenting to Vietnam National Children's Hospital

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

Age 1 to 24 months RT-PCR positive for RSV from respiratory specimen Symptoms consistent with acute lower respiratory tract infection Parent/legal guardian provides

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

Prematurity \<32 weeks gestation or birthweight \<1500 g Chronic conditions (e.g., congenital heart disease, chronic lung disease, chronic liver/kidney disease) Primary or acquired immunodeficiency Severe malnutrition (weight-for-age Z-score \< -3 SD) Antibiotic use within 2 weeks before admission Probiotic use within 4 weeks before admission Co-infection with other pathogens (viral/bacterial) Stool sample not obtained within 24 hours of admission

Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

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Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
250 participants (estimated)
Patient registry
No
Biospecimen retention
Samples with dna

Groups and cohorts

  • Severe RSV group: infants requiring HFNC/CPAP/invasive ventilation and/or PICU admission

    Mild RSV group: infants requiring no respiratory support or low-flow oxygen ≤2 L/min via nasal cannula

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Association between gut microbiome diversity/composition and RSV severity

    Differences in gut microbiome diversity and taxonomic composition assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing (alpha diversity, beta diversity, and differential taxa abundance) between severe and mild RSV groups

    Time frame: Within 24 hours of hospital admission

Secondary outcomes

  1. Systemic cytokine response in severe versus mild RSV infection

    Serum concentrations of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-22) measured by ELISA All cytokines will be measured using the same assay platform and reported in the same unit of concentration. Unit of measurement is pg/ml

    Time frame: Within 24 hours of hospital admission

  2. Clinical severity scores in RSV infection measured by Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) Score

    Clinical severity scores in RSV infection measured by Organ dysfunction severity assessed using the Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) score (range: 0-24), with higher scores indicating more severe organ dysfunction

    Time frame: within 24 h of hospitalization

  3. Integrated microbiome-immune signature predicting severe RSV

    Multivariable model performance (AUC/ROC; or adjusted odds ratios for selected taxa + cytokines)

    Time frame: Baseline (first 24h) predicting severity classification during index hospitalization

  4. ICU resource utilization

    ICU-free days: calculated as 28 minus ICU length of stay for patients discharged alive before Day 28; assigned 0 for patients who die before Day 28 or remain in ICU on/after Day 28. Ventilator-free days: calculated as 28 minus days of invasive mechanical ventilation for patients alive and ventilated \<28 days; assigned 0 for patients who die before Day 28 or remain ventilated on/after Day 28. Vasopressor-free days: calculated as 28 minus days receiving vasoactive agents for patients alive and requiring vasoactives \<28 days; assigned 0 for patients who die before Day 28 or remain on vasoactives on/after Day 28. Discontinuation requires ≥12 hours without vasoactive support

    Time frame: Up to day 28

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Study locations

1 site
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References and documents

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Feb 18, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07417657
Lead sponsor
Phuc Huu Phan
Responsible party
Phuc Huu Phan (Principle Investigator, National Children's Hospital, Vietnam) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Feb 18, 2026
Start date
Apr 1, 2026 (estimated)
Primary completion
Dec 31, 2028 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 31, 2029 (estimated)
Last update
Feb 18, 2026

Study contacts

Phuc H Phan, M.D.
Contact
phucph@nch.gov.vn
+84912880105

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in Feb 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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