An observational study in Dental Anxiety, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Test Anxiety Scale, sponsored by Sümeyra Akkoç. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 3 Years to 6 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-02-04.
Sponsored by Sümeyra Akkoç · Observational
The goal of this observational study was to evaluate an artificial intelligence-assisted projective method for assessing dental anxiety in young children and to understand how the first child-dentist interaction affected dental anxiety. The main questions it aimed to answer were:
Did the artificial intelligence-assisted projective method provide a valid and reliable assessment of dental anxiety in children aged 3 to 6 years? Did dental anxiety change after the child's first interaction with the dentist during the first dental visit? Children aged 3 to 6 years who attended their first dental visit as part of routine dental care took part. During the same visit, dental anxiety was assessed before and after the initial child-dentist interaction using picture-based dental anxiety scales and the newly developed projective method. All assessments were completed on the same day.
This study evaluated the validity and reliability of an artificial intelligence-assisted projective assessment tool using the Facial Image Scale, the Venham Picture Test, and the Raghavendra, Madhuri, and Sujata Pictorial Scale as comparator measures. Dental anxiety was assessed with the AI-assisted tool and all comparator scales immediately before and immediately after the child's first interaction with the dentist during the same visit. Reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis, and criterion validity was assessed using Spearman rank correlation. Pre-interaction and post-interaction dental anxiety scores were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test separately for each measurement tool.
Sümeyra Akkoç is the lead sponsor of 3 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Children aged 3-6 years who presented for a routine dental examination to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kütahya Health Sciences University, between August 2024 and November 2024.
Exclusion Criteria:
Children aged 3-6 years who presented for a routine dental examination, were attending their first dental visit, and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria constituted the study group.
AI-Assisted Projective Dental Anxiety Assessment Tool Score
Dental anxiety is assessed using an AI-Assisted projective assessment tool. The score ranges from 1 to 5, and higher scores indicate higher dental anxiety.
Time frame: Immediately before and immediately after the initial child-dentist interaction (same visit)
Facial Image Scale (FIS) Score
Dental anxiety is assessed using the FIS. The score ranges from 1 to 5, and higher scores indicate higher dental anxiety.
Time frame: Immediately before and immediately after the initial child-dentist interaction (same visit)
Venham Picture Test (VPT) Score
Dental anxiety is assessed using the VPT. The score ranges from 0 to 8, and higher scores indicate higher dental anxiety.
Time frame: Immediately before and immediately after the initial child-dentist interaction (same visit)
Raghavendra, Madhuri, and Sujata Pictorial Scale (RMS-PS) Score
Dental anxiety is assessed using the RMS-PS. The score ranges from 1 to 5, and higher scores indicate higher dental anxiety.
Time frame: Immediately before and immediately after the initial child-dentist interaction (same visit)
This study is completed, as verified in Jan 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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