An interventional study of Virtual reality-based crush syndrome training and Traditional theoretical lecture in Rhabdomyolysis, Virtual Reality and Emergency Medical Services, sponsored by Ege University. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-01-23.
Sponsored by Ege University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other
This research is a randomized controlled study designed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a video-based virtual reality (VR) simulation for prehospital intervention training of crush syndrome for paramedic students. The study aims to examine the impact of VR simulation on knowledge levels, satisfaction, and sense of presence among second-year first and emergency aid students at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University.
The study will be conducted with second-year students enrolled in the first and emergency aid program at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Fethiye Health Services Vocational School. Participants will be assigned to experimental and control groups using simple randomization. The experimental group will receive training via virtual reality (VR) simulation, while the control group will receive traditional theoretical education. Knowledge levels, technology use, satisfaction, and sense of presence will be measured using various validated scales.
40 studies on the registry are indexed under Rhabdomyolysis; 5 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 61 is above the median of 50 across 14 interventional studies indexed under Rhabdomyolysis.
Browse Rhabdomyolysis studies →Ege University is the lead sponsor of 377 studies on the registry; 48 are open to participants now.
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Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Being a second-year student currently enrolled in the first and emergency aid program at Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University.
Voluntarily providing written to participate in the study. Having basic technological literacy to use virtual reality equipment.
Exclusion Criteria:
First-year students who have not yet reached the relevant stage of the curriculum.
Students who have previously participated in a similar virtual reality-based crush syndrome simulation.
Students with medical conditions that may be aggravated by VR use (e.g., severe motion sickness, history of seizures).
Refusal to participate voluntarily.
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Participants receive scenario-based three-dimensional virtual reality simulation training for prehospital crush syndrome management using a head-mounted display.
Device: Virtual reality-based crush syndrome training
Participants receive traditional classroom-based theoretical education for prehospital crush syndrome management.
Other: Traditional theoretical lecture
A scenario-based three-dimensional virtual reality training program focusing on prehospital crush syndrome assessment and management.
Conventional theoretical classroom instruction on prehospital crush syndrome assessment and management.
Prehospital crush syndrome knowledge level
The knowledge level of participants is measured using the full 'prehospital crush syndrome knowledge level scale'. The scale consists of 32 items covering four sub-dimensions: general knowledge (12 items), treatment (9 items), transport (6 items), and advanced knowledge (5 items). Each correct answer is scored as 1 point, while incorrect or 'no idea' answers are scored as 0. The total score ranges from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 32. A higher total score indicates a better understanding and a higher knowledge level of prehospital crush syndrome management.
Time frame: Baseline (pre-test) and immediately after the training session (post-test).
Educational satisfaction level
Participant satisfaction with the educational method (virtual reality or theoretical lecture) is measured using the 'education method satisfaction form'. This is a single-item numeric rating scale ranging from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 10. A score of '0' indicates that the participant is not at all satisfied with the teaching method, while higher scores indicate increasing levels of satisfaction, with a score of '10' representing full satisfaction. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
Time frame: Immediately after completion of the training intervention.
Sense of presence in virtual environment
The sense of presence in the virtual reality environment is measured using the 'presence questionnaire'. This scale assesses various dimensions such as involvement, sensory fidelity, and adaptation. Each item is scored on a 5-point likert scale, ranging from a minimum of 1 to a maximum of 5. For instance, a score of '1' indicates no presence or very poor quality, while a score of '5' indicates a high level of presence or complete naturalness. A higher total score indicates a greater sense of presence and a more immersive virtual reality experience.
Time frame: Immediately after completion of the virtual reality training session
Technology usage level
Participants' orientation and interest towards technology are measured using the 'technology usage scale'. This scale consists of 13 items scored on a 5-point likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). The total score ranges from a minimum of 13 to a maximum of 65. A higher total score indicates a higher level of technology integration, interest, and adaptation to technological innovations in daily life.
Time frame: Baseline (pre-test)
Attitude toward virtual reality in education
Participants' attitudes toward using virtual reality for learning and professional development are measured using the 'virtual reality attitude scale'. The scale consists of 9 items scored on a 5-point likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). The total score ranges from a minimum of 9 to a maximum of 45. A higher total score indicates a more positive attitude and higher perceived usefulness regarding the integration of virtual reality into educational processes
Time frame: Immediately after completion of the training session
Plan to share: Yes — De-identified individual participant data underlying the results reported in this study (text, tables, figures, and appendices) will be made available to researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal. The data will be shared to achieve aims in the approved proposal starting 6 months and ending 36 months after publication of the study results.
Supporting information: Study protocol, Statistical analysis plan, Informed consent form, Clinical study report, Analytic code
Time frame: Data will be available starting 6 months after publication and will remain accessible for up to 3 years.
Access criteria: Data requests should be sent via email to the principal investigator.
Data sharing details ↗ · www.mu.edu.tr
This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in Jan 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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