An interventional study of Sensory Mindfulness Intervention in Newborn Diseases, Breast Milk Collection and Well-being, sponsored by Cukurova University. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-06-30.
Sponsored by Cukurova University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care
Abstract Background: Breast milk is the optimal source of nutrition for infant growth and development and provides important physical and psychological benefits for mothers. Because many infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) cannot be breastfed directly, mothers are required to express milk regularly; however, stress, anxiety, and depression may negatively affect milk production and the milk ejection reflex. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the sensory mindfulness intervention on breast milk volume, pumping duration, maternal well-being, stress levels, and cognitive and emotional mindfulness.
Inclusion criteria
Termination criteria
Mothers who met the eligibility criteria were randomly assigned to the sensory mindfulness intervention group. After providing informed consent, participants completed the Descriptive Information Form, WHO-5 Well-Being Index, Parental Stressor Scale: NICU (PSS:NICU), and Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R). Mothers received standard training on breast milk pumping techniques and structured sensory mindfulness training. The intervention included exposure to the infant's scent using a beanie worn by the infant, visualization of the infant, viewing the infant's photograph, and positive thinking/sensory awareness exercises. Mothers performed the sensory mindfulness practice for approximately 8-10 minutes before each pumping session over a 14-day period. Breast milk volume (mL) and pumping duration (minutes) were recorded at baseline and follow-up assessments conducted on Days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 14.
Behavioral: Sensory Mindfulness Intervention
Mothers assigned to the control group received routine care and standard breast milk pumping education only. Participants completed the Descriptive Information Form, WHO-5 Well-Being Index, Parental Stressor Scale: NICU (PSS:NICU), and Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R). Breast milk volume (mL) and pumping duration (minutes) were recorded at baseline and follow-up assessments conducted on Days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 14. No mindfulness, relaxation, or sensory awareness intervention was provided.
Sensory mindfulness intervention consisting of infant scent exposure (using a beanie worn by the infant), infant photograph visualization, positive thinking, and sensory awareness exercises performed for approximately 8-10 minutes before each breast milk pumping session. The intervention was administered over a 14-day period in addition to standard breast milk pumping education.
Breast Milk Volume (mL)
The amount of expressed breast milk (mL) measured during the study period. Milk volume was recorded separately for morning and evening pumping sessions using the Intervention Observation Form.
Time frame: 2 WEEK
Pumping Duration (minutes)
The duration of each breast milk pumping session recorded in minutes using the Intervention Observation Form
Time frame: 2 WEEK
WHO-5 Well-Being Index Score
Maternal psychological well-being assessed using the WHO-5 Well-Being Index. Higher scores indicate better well-being.
Time frame: 2 WEEK
Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Maternal stress associated with the neonatal intensive care unit environment assessed using the PSS. Higher scores indicate greater stress levels.
Time frame: 2 WEEK
Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R)
Maternal cognitive and affective mindfulness assessed using the CAMS-R. Higher scores indicate greater mindfulness.
Time frame: 2WEEK
Plan to share: No
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Cukurova University