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Not yet recruitingNCT07336550AFFAPUpdated May 13, 2026

Reduction of Low-value Prescribing Through Audit and Feedback

An interventional study of Usual AF and Facilitated AF in Inappropriate Prescribing, Implementation Science and Behavioral Sciences, sponsored by Basque Health Service. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Spain. Open to participants aged 65 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-05-13.

Sponsored by Basque Health Service · Not applicable, Interventional, and Health services research

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
540
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
65 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The objective is to estimate the effect attributable to a primary care pharmacist-led audit and feedback (AF) strategy compared to the currently used AF strategy as a management tool to evaluate healthcare performance focusing on processes and outcomes, for reducing the rate of patients over 65 years of age with potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) of benzodiazepines, proton pump inhibitors and opioids.

A closed-cohort stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial will be conducted in nine PC centres from Barakaldo-Sestao Integrated Health Organization, Basque Health Service (Osakidetza). All health centre clusters will start under the control condition, and after an initial study period of 4 months in the control phase, one centre per step at 1-month intervals will be randomly assigned to crossover to the intervention, under which they will be exposed to an additional component of AF, namely, primary care pharmacist-led facilitation.

Mixed-methods analysis will be performed, gathering quantitative data to assess the results of the implementations at health centre and clinician levels, and qualitative data to assess the feasibility and perceived impact of the de-implementation strategies from the clinicians' perspective, and explore the experience and satisfaction of patients regarding the healthcare received.

This study will provide useful knowledge on the effect attributable to a more intensive AF strategy (facilitated AF) compared to standard procedures of AF reports, and of the characteristics of AF that are most effective.

02

Conditions studied

  • Inappropriate Prescribing
  • Implementation Science
  • Behavioral Sciences

Keywords

  • low-value pharmacological prescription
  • De-implementation
  • Stepped-wedge design
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Proton pump inhibitors
  • Opioids
  • audit and feedback
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
65 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Eligibility criteria

PRIMARY CARE CENTERS IN THE BARAKALDO-SESTAO INTEGRATED HEALTHCARE ORGANISATION OF OSAKIDETZA-BASQUE HEALTH SERVICE:

Inclusion Criteria:

  • collaboration is achieved from at least 51% of the General Practitioners (GP) or at least 4 GPs
  • At least 60 patients aged 65 years or older on at least one of the drugs of interest that may be potentially inappropriately prescribed

Exclusion Criteria:

  • N/A

PATIENTS ASSIGNED TO THE PARTICIPATING PC CENTERS:

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients over 65 years of age with any of the following unsuitability criteria:
  • PIP of benzodiazepines: patients on benzodiazepines for more than 3 months
  • PIP of proton pump inhibitors: patients on proton pump inhibitors for more than 8 weeks without a diagnosed gastrointestinal disease and with no long-term prescription of gastrotoxic drugs.
  • PIP of opioids: patients on opioids for non-cancer pain for more than 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients who, in the opinion of the general practitioner, are not suitable candidates for tapering or discontinuation of the potentially inappropriately prescribed drug
  • Patients residing in care homes
  • Patients receiving palliative care
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Health services research
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
540 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Control

    All health centre clusters will start under the control condition

    Behavioral: Usual AF

  • Experimental
    Intervention

    one centre per step at 1-month intervals will be randomly assigned to crossover to the intervention

    Behavioral: Usual AF · Behavioral: Facilitated AF

Interventions

  • BehavioralUsual AF

    The strategy currently used as a management tool to evaluate healthcare performance focusing on processes and outcomes, as part of Osakidetza's operating contract: provision of AF, sent to PC centres every 4 months with data on overall rates of PIP, lists of patients over 65 years old who have a potentially inappropriate prescription of at least one of the drugs of interest, and provision of support materials related to appropriate prescribing and recommendations on deprescribing.

  • BehavioralFacilitated AF

    Based on a facilitation component delivered by PC pharmacy staff. Specifically, the PC pharmacists will conduct a facilitation session with the centre's clinicians in which they will review the magnitude of PIP in the centre (PIP rates), appropriateness/inappropriateness criteria, and guidelines to encourage deprescribing, and draw up an action plan at clinician and centre levels.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Primary effectiveness: Proportion of patients with deprescribing or tapering of any of the PIP

    proportion of patients for whom appropriateness is achieved, either through deprescribing or tapering (for example, dose reduction) of any of the drugs potentially inappropriately prescribed in the patients included in the clusters.

    Time frame: From baseline to 13 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Secondary effectiveness: Proportion of patients with deprescribing or tapering for each PIP

    proportion of patients in whom appropriateness is achieved for each of the potentially inappropriately prescribed drugs assessed separately

    Time frame: From baseline to 13 months

  2. Secondary Effectiveness: Rate of new PIP

    Rate of new PIP among patients over 65 years old seeking medical care during the study period

    Time frame: From baseline to 13 months

  3. Adoption: Percentage of General Practitioners who agree to receive the active components of the strategies

    Percentage of doctors, out of the total number invited to participate at the start of the intervention, who agree to receive the active components of the strategies, as well as the characteristics of those who do and do not agree to participate.

    Time frame: From baseline to 13 months

  4. Degree of implementation fidelity

    The degree of fidelity with which each strategy has been implemented compared to what was originally planned will be evaluated. For this, the implementation process and any adaptations made to the strategies or their active components will be recorded and subsequently described. Furthermore, we will evaluate the degree of exposure of GPs to the strategies.

    Time frame: From baseline to 13 months

  5. General Practitioners´ perception of the feasibility and acceptability

    GPs perception of the feasibility and acceptability of the deprescribing strategy based on the AF to adapt/reduce their practice of unnecessary pharmacological prescribing.

    Time frame: From baseline to 19 months

06

Study locations

1 site
  • Primary Care Research Unit of Bizkaia
    Barakaldo, Bizkaia 48903, Spain
07

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — Individual participant data that support future results will be shared, after deidentification

Supporting information: Study protocol

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07336550
Lead sponsor
Basque Health Service
Collaborators
Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Basque Government Department of Public Health, European Union, Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Spain
Responsible party
Mikel Baza Bueno (Principal Investigator, Basque Health Service) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jan 13, 2026
Start date
Jun 2026 (estimated)
Primary completion
Jun 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 2027 (estimated)
Last update
May 13, 2026

Study contacts

Alvaro Sanchez Perez
Contact
ALVARO.SANCHEZPEREZ@osakidetza.eus
(+34)946006673

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
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