An interventional study of active warming and active warming II in Cesarean Resection, Breastfeeding and Thermal Comfort, sponsored by Kutahya Health Sciences University. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to female participants aged 18 Years to 49 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-10.
Sponsored by Kutahya Health Sciences University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care
Hypothermia is a complication of cesarean section and a cause of breastfeeding problems. Preventing maternal hypothermia is one of the goals of the enhanced postoperative recovery (ERAS) protocol and is important for the health of both mother and baby. This clinical trial aims to determine the effects of active warming during and after cesarean delivery on breastfeeding outcomes, thermal comfort, and perceived insufficient milk supply.
The primary questions it aims to answer are:
Participants:
Warming will be provided using an active warming bed during cesarean delivery (45 minutes). Warming will continue in the postpartum care unit (45 minutes).
The control group will not receive any warming and will receive the hospital's standard care procedure.
262 studies on the registry are indexed under Breast Feeding; 112 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 84 is below the median of 95 across 210 interventional studies indexed under Breast Feeding.
Browse Breast Feeding studies →Kutahya Health Sciences University is the lead sponsor of 209 studies on the registry; 46 are open to participants now.
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Exclusion Criteria:
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Intervention group
Other: active warming · Other: active warming II
Control group
During the cesarean section, heating will be applied at 37 degrees. (45 minutes) Carbon fiber resistive heating pads are reusable, where a low-voltage electric current flows, causing heat to accumulate in the carbon fibers that make up the blanket's filling. A heating pad will be used to warm participants. This pad has a control unit, is 120 cm long, and is suitable for operating room conditions. It is safe and operates at low voltage. It heats to a maximum of 40 degrees Celsius. In this study, heating will be used to a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius.
After the cesarean section, heating will be applied to the recovery area at 37 degrees. (45 minutes) Carbon fiber resistive heating pads are reusable, where a low-voltage electric current flows, causing heat to accumulate in the carbon fibers that make up the blanket's filling. A heating pad will be used to warm participants. This pad has a control unit, is 120 cm long, and is suitable for operating room conditions. It is safe and operates at low voltage. It heats to a maximum of 40 degrees Celsius. In this study, heating will be used to a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius.
Breastfeeding Success
Evaluation will be performed using the LATCH breastfeeding diagnostic tool. The LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Scale consists of 5 sub-dimensions: Latch, Audible swallowing, Type of nipple, Comfort, and Hold. Each item is scored between 0 and 2 points. The total score ranges from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate more effective and successful breastfeeding.
Time frame: Postperative Day 1- First breastfeeding session
Breastfeeding success
Evaluation will be performed using the LATCH breastfeeding diagnostic tool. The LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Scale consists of 5 sub-dimensions: Latch, Audible swallowing, Type of nipple, Comfort, and Hold. Each item is scored between 0 and 2 points. The total score ranges from 0 to 10. Higher scores indicate more effective and successful breastfeeding.
Time frame: Postoperative Day 1, 24.hour
Perception of insufficient milk
Assessment will be made using the Insufficient Milk Perception Scale. The Perception of Insufficient Milk (PIM) Scale is used to assess mothers' subjective perceptions of whether their milk supply is sufficient to feed their infants. The scale consists of items that question the mother's perception of milk quantity, infant satisfaction, and the adequacy of breastfeeding. Items are generally scored using a Likert scale, and the total score ranges between predetermined minimum and maximum values. Higher scores indicate a higher level of perceived insufficiency in the mother's milk supply. A score of "0" indicates that milk is perceived as completely insufficient, while a score of "10" indicates that milk is perceived as completely sufficient. The scale is scored from 0 to 50. A higher score indicates a higher perception of milk sufficiency.
Time frame: Postoperative Day 1, First breastfeeding session
Perception of insufficient milk
The assessment will be performed using the Insufficient Milk Perception Scale. The Perception of Insufficient Milk (PIM) Scale is used to assess mothers' subjective perceptions of whether their milk supply is sufficient to feed their infants. The scale consists of items that question the mother's perception of milk quantity, infant satisfaction, and the adequacy of breastfeeding. Items are generally scored using a Likert scale, and the total score ranges between predetermined minimum and maximum values. Higher scores indicate a higher level of perceived insufficiency in the mother's milk supply. A score of "0" indicates that milk is perceived as completely insufficient, while a score of "10" indicates that milk is perceived as completely sufficient. The scale is scored from 0 to 50. A higher score indicates a higher perception of milk sufficiency.
Time frame: Postoperative Day 1, 24. hour
Thermal comfort
The Thermal Comfort Perception Scale will be used. The Thermal Comfort Scale is a subjective scale used to assess how comfortable, acceptable, or uncomfortable individuals perceive the temperature conditions of their environment. The scale is generally a single-item or multi-item structure that questions the perception of hot-cold and the level of thermal comfort. Scores range between predetermined minimum and maximum values, with higher scores indicating a higher level of thermal comfort and lower scores indicating thermal discomfort. The scale is a 5-point Likert type with options of 1 "none", 2 "somewhat", 3 "moderately", 4 "a lot", and 5 "very much". The lowest possible score on the 11-item scale is 11, and the highest is 49.
Time frame: Preoperative Day 1, Before the cesarean section
Thermal comfort II
The Temperature Comfort Perception Scale will be used. The Thermal Comfort Perception Scale will be used. The Thermal Comfort Scale is a subjective scale used to assess how comfortable, acceptable, or uncomfortable individuals perceive the temperature conditions of their environment. The scale is generally a single-item or multi-item structure that questions the perception of hot-cold and the level of thermal comfort. Scores range between predetermined minimum and maximum values, with higher scores indicating a higher level of thermal comfort and lower scores indicating thermal discomfort. The scale is a 5-point Likert type with options of 1 "none", 2 "somewhat", 3 "moderately", 4 "a lot", and 5 "very much". The lowest possible score on the 11-item scale is 11, and the highest is 49.
Time frame: Day 1, During the cesarean section (at 15 minutes)
Thermal comfort III
The Thermal Comfort Perception Scale will be used. The Thermal Comfort Scale is a subjective scale used to assess how comfortable, acceptable, or uncomfortable individuals perceive the temperature conditions of their environment. The scale is generally a single-item or multi-item structure that questions the perception of hot-cold and the level of thermal comfort. Scores range between predetermined minimum and maximum values, with higher scores indicating a higher level of thermal comfort and lower scores indicating thermal discomfort. The scale is a 5-point Likert type with options of 1 "none", 2 "somewhat", 3 "moderately", 4 "a lot", and 5 "very much". The lowest possible score on the 11-item scale is 11, and the highest is 49.
Time frame: Postoperative Day 1,After the cesarean section (at 30 minutes)
Plan to share: No — It may be shared if contacted by the researcher for reasonable reasons.
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Kutahya Health Sciences University