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RecruitingNCT07214545eTNS CARESUpdated Oct 9, 2025

External Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation for Children With ASD + ADHD to Reduce Elevated Symptoms

An interventional study of Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation and Sham Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation in Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), sponsored by University of California, San Francisco. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 7 Years to 14 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-10-09.

Sponsored by University of California, San Francisco · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Oct 2025; still recruiting 1 year later.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
60
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
7 Years to 14 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if external trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) works to treat ADHD symptoms in children on the autism spectrum (ASD). It will also learn about the efficacy and tolerability of the eTNS device. The main questions it aims to answer are:

  • Does eTNS reduce ADHD symptoms?
  • Does eTNS improve core and associated features of ASD?

Participation spans 8-12 weeks and includes:

  • 4-5 in-person visits
  • 4 brief virtual check-ins
  • Nightly use of the eTNS device with a small sticky patch applied to child's forehead
  • Randomized assignment (those who start with the sham device may try the active device later)
02

Conditions studied

  • Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity (ADHD)
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Keywords

  • eTNS
  • external trigeminal nerve stimulation
  • eTNS CARES
03

In context

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

1,514 studies on the registry are indexed under Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; 255 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 60 is below the median of 72 across 1,207 interventional studies indexed under Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity.

Browse Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity studies →

Lead sponsor

University of California, San Francisco is the lead sponsor of 2,132 studies on the registry; 375 are open to participants now.

Of its 262 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 196 (75%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
7 Years to 14 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Confirmed clinician diagnosis of ASD according to DSM-5 criteria, corroborated by prior testing (or obtained in study screening) with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) with or without the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R)
  • IQ > 70 as corroborated by prior testing (or obtained in study screening) with the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence Scale (WASI)
  • Confirmed diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-5 criteria with minimum ADHD-RS score of > 24
  • Stable on current medications for a minimum of 4 weeks before baseline
  • Ability to complete protocol testing
  • Both the child participant and their primary caregiver must be fluent in English (speaking, reading, and understanding), as the questionnaires and assessment tools used in this study have been validated only in English.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Current major depression, history of psychosis, bipolar disorder, elevated risk of self-harm
  • History of moderate to severe coarse brain injury
  • Active medical illness expected to interfere with study assessments
  • Presence of implanted stimulator (e.g., vagal nerve stimulator)
  • Active dermatologic condition likely to interfere with eTNS electrode wearability
  • Sleep disorder likely to interfere with nightly eTNS in the opinion of the study physician
  • Inability to communicate discomfort or pain
  • Current and anticipated continued use of antipsychotic or stimulant medication
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Triple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator)
Enrollment
60 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Active eTNS Device

    Device: Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation

  • Sham comparator
    Sham eTNS Device

    Device: Sham Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation

Interventions

  • DeviceTrigeminal Nerve Stimulation

    This intervention is expected to have an effect following a treatment period of 6 weeks.

  • DeviceSham Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation

    This intervention is NOT expected to have an effect following a treatment period of 6 weeks.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in ADHD Symptoms

    Examine the efficacy of external Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation (eTNS) in reducing ADHD symptoms as measured by the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-5 (ADHD-RS-5; range 0-54), where higher scores indicate worse symptoms.

    Time frame: Baseline to end of treatment at 6 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Social Responsiveness

    Examine changes in social communication and related behaviors as measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition, Short Form (SRS-2-SF; range 0-48), where higher scores indicate worse impairment.

    Time frame: Baseline to end of treatment at 6 weeks

  2. Change in Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors

    Examine changes in restricted and repetitive behaviors as measured by the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R; range 0-129), where higher scores indicate more severe repetitive behaviors.

    Time frame: Baseline to end of treatment at 6 weeks

  3. Change in Sleep Quality

    Examine changes in sleep quality as measured by the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ; range 33-99), where higher scores indicate poorer sleep quality.

    Time frame: Baseline to end of treatment at 6 weeks

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • UCSF Nancy Friend Pritzker Psychiatry Building
    San Francisco, California 94107, United States
    • Jazzy Benes, MS · Contact · jazzy.benes@ucsf.edu · 4154768803
    • James McCracken, MD · Principal investigator
    Recruiting
08

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Oct 9, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07214545
Lead sponsor
University of California, San Francisco
Responsible party
James T McCracken, M.D. (Deputy Vice Chair for Research-Child, Moghadam Family Distinguished Professor, University of California, San Francisco) — Principal investigator
First posted
Oct 9, 2025
Start date
Oct 6, 2025
Primary completion
Sep 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Jan 31, 2028 (estimated)
Last update
Oct 9, 2025

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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