An observational study in Biliary Tract Cancer, sponsored by CHA University. Recruiting at 1 site in South Korea. Open to participants aged 19 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-03-18.
Sponsored by CHA University · Observational
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a rare and heterogeneous disease with high incidence and mortality in Korea. Molecular profiling has enabled the identification of actionable alterations such as Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations, FGFR2 fusions, ERBB2 amplifications, and dMMR/MSI-H status. However, the utility of tumor tissue-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) is often limited by difficulties in obtaining adequate tissue samples and the lack of in-house sequencing capacity across many hospitals.
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis offers a minimally invasive alternative that can provide rapid and reliable genomic profiling. In a previous study, ctDNA testing showed high concordance with tissue-based genomic profiling for clinically significant alterations, particularly IDH1 mutations, and identified additional mutations not detected in tumor tissue. These findings suggest that ctDNA may expand access to targeted therapies such as ivosidenib .
This multicenter, prospective, observational epidemiology study, organized by the Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG) Biliary Tract Cancer Subcommittee, will evaluate the clinical utility of ctDNA-based genomic profiling in patients with advanced BTC. The study will assess concordance between ctDNA and tumor tissue sequencing, describe the prevalence of actionable alterations, and explore the impact of ctDNA testing on treatment decisions and clinical outcomes. By leveraging a nationwide network of BTC specialists, this study seeks to validate ctDNA as a feasible and scalable tool for precision oncology, supporting timely and personalized therapy for patients with BTC.
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) encompasses a rare and diverse group of tumors characterized by varying anatomical locations-including extrahepatic, intrahepatic, and gallbladder lesions. Therapeutic innovations in advanced BTC are hindered by the rarity and heterogeneity of its subtypes, with particularly high incidence and mortality rates observed in Korea.
Recent advances in molecular profiling have enabled the identification of potential therapeutic targets for BTC. These findings have led to the approval of several therapies for BTC, including those targeting IDH1 mutations, FGFR2 fusions, ERBB2 amplifications, as well as immunotherapies for DNA mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) subtypes. Genomic profiling is essential to detect these targetable alterations, helping to guide appropriate, targeted therapies for patients with BTC. Traditional genomic profiling is typically conducted using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues; therefore, the challenge of obtaining adequate tumor tissue samples in BTC can impede molecular evaluations. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from blood may offer an alternative to tissue-based analysis.
In a previous study, the investigators assessed the concordance between ctDNA and tissue genomic profiling in a large cohort of Asian patients with advanced BTC and evaluated the feasibility of liquid biopsy in the treatment of BTC. As a result, ctDNA-based genotyping exhibited acceptable concordance with tissue genomic profiling for clinically significant mutations classified as tier 1 or 2, with a sensitivity of 84.8% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 79.4%. Notably, high concordance of actionable alterations between ctDNA and tissue for IDH1 mutations was observed, with 100% sensitivity (5/5) and 71.4% PPV (5/7), and for FGFR2 fusions with 66.7% sensitivity (2/3) and 100% PPV (2/2). Additionally, using ctDNA, five IDH1 mutations were identified in tissue samples and two additional IDH1 mutations were detected only in ctDNA.
The IDH1 mutations have significant clinical implications for patients with BTC due to their considerable frequency (approximately 13% in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; range, 9-20%) and the availability of targeted therapy; ivosidenib was approved by both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) in Korea. Although relatively high concordance between ctDNA and tumor tissue for IDH1 mutations was found, the occurrence of these alterations was low, and a more comprehensive comparative analysis is warranted. Therefore, the validation of ctDNA genomic profiling in a larger cohort of patients with BTC is not just a suggestion, but a pressing need to establish its potential as a promising approach for guiding personalized treatment strategies.
Justification for ctDNA in BTC:
The Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG) Biliary Tract Cancer Subcommittee includes nearly 100 specialists from hospitals across the country. However, not all hospitals in Korea have in-house capabilities for NGS (Next-Generation Sequencing), making it challenging to implement NGS as recommended in biliary tract cancer treatment guidelines. In contrast, ctDNA allows for the detection of a patient's genetic alterations through a simple, non-invasive blood sampling process. This method can identify targetable alterations, facilitating appropriate treatments. Additionally, ctDNA offers a shorter turnaround time, which can help shorten diagnostic timelines and streamline patient access to treatments like ivosidenib.
Long-Term Benefits:
As demonstrated in a recently published study by Immune \& Biotech Diagnostics (IMBDx, Seoul, South Korea), IMBDx's ctDNA test, Alpha Liquid 100, not only identified all five cases of IDH1 mutation detected by conventional tissue NGS but also identified two additional IDH1 mutations that tissue NGS failed to detect. This capability could enable more patients to access treatment with ivosidenib. Moreover, if ctDNA-based NGS testing becomes routine within the KCSG Biliary Tract Cancer Subcommittee, which includes a substantial number of specialists dedicated to treating biliary tract cancer in Korea, it is likely that the use of ctDNA for IDH1 mutation detection will continue beyond this study.
484 studies on the registry are indexed under Biliary Tract Neoplasms; 187 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 200 is above the median of 160 across 67 observational studies indexed under Biliary Tract Neoplasms.
Browse Biliary Tract Neoplasms studies →CHA University is the lead sponsor of 54 studies on the registry; 17 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Patients with histologically confirmed advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder cancer. Eligible patients are either treatment-naïve prior to first-line systemic chemotherapy or previously treated patients able to provide a blood sample before starting subsequent therapy. All participants must be 19 years of age or older and willing to provide blood samples for ctDNA analysis.
Patients who meet one of the following conditions:
Exclusion Criteria:
Description: Patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced biliary tract cancer (including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder cancer) who are enrolled prospectively across participating centers in Korea. Number of Participants: 200 (anticipated) Cohort Type: Single observational cohort
Genetic: Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) Testing (ctDNA-based Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS))
Peripheral blood will be collected from patients with advanced biliary tract cancer for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) will be performed to detect clinically relevant genomic alterations, including IDH1 mutations, FGFR2 fusions, ERBB2 amplifications, and MSI-H/dMMR. The ctDNA results will be compared with tissue-based genomic profiling to evaluate concordance and clinical utility.
Also known as: Liquid Biopsy, Alpha Liquid 100
Concordance Between ctDNA and Tissue-Based Genomic Profiling
The proportion of concordance between circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) and tissue-based genomic profiling in detecting clinically relevant genetic alterations (e.g., IDH1 mutations, FGFR2 fusions, ERBB2 amplifications, MSI-H/dMMR) among patients with advanced biliary tract cancer.
Time frame: Within 4 weeks of study enrollment, prior to initiation of systemic therapy
Detection Rate of Actionable Alterations using ctDNA
To determine the detection rate of clinically significant alterations such as IDH1 mutations, FGFR2 fusions, and ERBB2 amplifications by ctDNA analysis.
Time frame: At baseline (prior to treatment initiation, within 4 weeks of enrollment)
Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Sensitivity of ctDNA
To assess the PPV and sensitivity of ctDNA profiling compared with matched tissue NGS results.
Time frame: At baseline (prior to treatment initiation, within 4 weeks of enrollment)
Feasibility of ctDNA Testing in Clinical Practice
To evaluate the feasibility of ctDNA analysis in a real-world multicenter setting, including sample collection success rate, assay success rate, and turnaround time.
Time frame: From baseline through study completion, up to 24 months
Correlation between Genetic Alterations and Clinical Outcomes
To explore associations between specific genetic alterations (e.g., IDH1 mutations, FGFR2 fusions) and clinical outcomes such as overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR).
Time frame: From baseline through follow-up, up to 36 months
Identification of ctDNA-only Mutations
To investigate genetic alterations detected exclusively by ctDNA but not by tissue-based NGS, with a particular focus on IDH1 mutations.
Time frame: At baseline (prior to treatment initiation, within 4 weeks of enrollment)
Implementation within KCSG Biliary Tract Cancer Network
To assess the potential for ctDNA-based genomic testing to be integrated into routine practice across the Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG) Biliary Tract Cancer Subcommittee network and its implications for future treatment guidelines.
Time frame: From baseline through study completion, up to 24 months
Plan to share: No
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