An interventional study of C-Mill® Treadmill Training Combined with Conventional Physiotherapy in Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI), sponsored by Ankara City Hospital Bilkent. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-08-26.
Sponsored by Ankara City Hospital Bilkent · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
This study investigates the effects of C-Mill® treadmill training, which integrates virtual reality and gamified tasks, combined with conventional physiotherapy, on walking ability, mobility, functional independence, and health-related quality of life in individuals with motor-incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI).
Participants are adults aged 18 years or older with injury at the T4 level or below, classified as American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale grade C or D, and with ICD-10 codes S24.73-S24.77 or S34.70. Individuals with a history of osteoporosis, cardiopulmonary disease, other neurological disorders, joint-related conditions, or concurrent participation in another study are excluded.
All participants complete a 4-week integrated rehabilitation program at a specialized spinal cord injury center. The program consists of 10 C-Mill® sessions in addition to conventional physiotherapy, targeting balance, gait, and walking speed through task-specific training and individualized exercises to improve mobility, strength, and functional skills.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) limits mobility and independence, creating substantial physical and psychological burdens. Virtual reality and gamified treadmill systems such as the C-Mill® may enhance walking rehabilitation through task-specific and engaging practice.
This observational study investigated the effects of C-Mill® treadmill training combined with conventional physiotherapy on walking ability, mobility, functional independence, and health-related quality of life in individuals with motor-incomplete SCI (iSCI). The C-Mill® system provides task-specific, engaging, and safe walking practice through real-time visual feedback and interactive scenarios designed to improve balance, gait speed, and obstacle negotiation.
Participants were adults aged 18 years or older, with spinal cord injury at the T4 level or below, classified as American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale grade C or D. ICD-10 codes for inclusion ranged from S24.73 to S24.77 or S34.70. Individuals were in the chronic phase of iSCI and were excluded if they had a history of osteoporosis, cardiopulmonary disease, other neurological disorders, joint-related conditions, or concurrent participation in another study.
All participants completed a 4-week integrated rehabilitation program at a specialized spinal cord injury center. The program consisted of 10 C-Mill® training sessions in addition to conventional physiotherapy. Each C-Mill® session included activities targeting static and dynamic balance, stride regulation, and safe gait adaptation, with progressive difficulty tailored to each participant's abilities. Conventional therapy included individualized physiotherapy exercises focusing on mobility, strength, and functional skills to support walking performance and independence.
1,948 studies on the registry are indexed under Spinal Cord Injuries; 505 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 11 is below the median of 24 across 1,566 interventional studies indexed under Spinal Cord Injuries.
Browse Spinal Cord Injuries studies →Ankara City Hospital Bilkent is the lead sponsor of 424 studies on the registry; 105 are open to participants now.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Participants received an integrated rehabilitation program consisting of C-Mill® treadmill training combined with conventional physiotherapy. The program lasted 4 weeks and included 10 C-Mill® sessions in addition to individualized physiotherapy exercises. Each C-Mill® session incorporated virtual reality and gamified tasks to improve static and dynamic balance and to regulate gait. Conventional physiotherapy focused on mobility, muscle strength, and functional skills to enhance walking performance and independence.
Device: C-Mill® Treadmill Training Combined with Conventional Physiotherapy
Participants received a 4-week integrated rehabilitation program consisting of 10 C-Mill® treadmill training sessions in addition to individualized conventional physiotherapy. C-Mill® sessions incorporated virtual reality and gamified tasks to improve static and dynamic balance, gait speed, stride regulation, and safe obstacle negotiation. Conventional physiotherapy targeted mobility, muscle strength, and functional skills to enhance walking performance and independence.
Berg Balance Scale
Berg Balance Scale for balance assessment
Time frame: 24 months
ASIA Lower Extremity Muscle Score
Assessment of lower extremity muscle strength using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Lower Extremity Motor Score (LEMS)
Time frame: 24 months
Timed Up and Go Test
Timed Up and Go Test overground walking assessment
Time frame: 24 months
Walking Index in Spinal Cord Injury II
Walking Index in Spinal Cord Injury II for walking independence level assessment
Time frame: 24 months
Ten-Meter Walking Test
Ten-Meter Walking Test for overground walking speed assessment
Time frame: 24 months
Gait Speed with Treadmill-Based Gait Analysis
Uses treadmill equipment to assess walking speed (kilometers per hour \[km/h\]) during gait analysis.
Time frame: 24 months
Cadence Measurement with Treadmill-Based Gait Analysis
Uses treadmill equipment to assess cadence (number of steps per minute)
Time frame: 24 months
Stride Length Measurement with Treadmill-Based Gait Analysis
Uses treadmill equipment to assess the length of a single stride during walking.
Time frame: 24 months
Step Width Measurement with Treadmill-Based Gait Analysis
Uses treadmill equipment to assess the distance between the heels of the feet during walking
Time frame: 24 months
Stance Time Difference with Treadmill-Based Gait Analysis
Uses treadmill equipment to assess stance time difference between lower limbs (seconds \[s\]) during gait analysis.
Time frame: 24 months
Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III)
Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III) for activity of daily living assessment
Time frame: 24 months
World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Short Form (WHOQOL - BREF)
World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Short Form (WHOQOL - BREF) for quality of life assessment
Time frame: 24 months
This study is completed, as verified in Aug 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Ankara City Hospital Bilkent