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CompletedNCT06935500Updated Aug 19, 2026Results posted

Ureteroscope Caliber and Surgeon Stress

An interventional study of endoscopic ureteric lithotripsy in Ureteral Stones and Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy, sponsored by Aydin Adnan Menderes University. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years to 75 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-19.

Sponsored by Aydin Adnan Menderes University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
130
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 75 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study aims to compare the efficacy, success rates, and stone-free rates of endoscopic ureteral stone treatment performed using two different sizes of ureteroscopes. Additionally, the psychological stress experienced by the surgeon will be evaluated immediately before and immediately after the procedure using the six-item short-form of the State Scale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The findings will provide insight into the impact of ureteroscope size on procedural outcomes and surgeon stress levels, contributing to the optimization of ureteroscopic stone treatment.

Read the detailed description

Patients admitted to our clinic with ureteral calculi and scheduled for ureteroscopic lithotripsy were informed about the procedure, potential complications, and routine clinical protocol. Patients who consented to surgery subsequently received detailed information about the study, and written informed consent was obtained from those who agreed to participate.

Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to undergo ureteroscopy using either a 4.5-6.5 Fr semirigid ureteroscope or an 8-9.8 Fr semirigid ureteroscope. Randomization was performed using a computer-generated simple randomization sequence. Group allocation was concealed using sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelopes, which were opened immediately before the procedure.

All ureteroscopic procedures were performed according to standard institutional protocols. Intraoperative parameters, including operative duration, complications, double-J stent placement, failure to access the stone, and basket use, were recorded prospectively by the research team.

To evaluate the impact of ureteroscope caliber on surgical stress, the operating surgeon's stress level was assessed immediately before and after each procedure using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form TX-1 (STAI-TX1).

Postoperatively, all patients underwent supine direct abdominal radiography on postoperative day one in accordance with routine clinical practice. Stone-free status was determined based on radiographic evaluation and recorded by the investigator. No modifications were made to standard perioperative care during the study period.

02

Conditions studied

  • Ureteral Stones
  • Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy

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Keywords

  • ureteral stone
  • anxiety inventory
  • ureteroscoppic lithotripsy
  • ureteroscop
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 75 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Presence of ureteral calculi
  • Use of Ho:YAG laser in ureteric lithotripsy
  • Patient's acceptance to participate in the study

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of active urinary tract infection
  • Emergency operation of the patient
  • Presence of bilateral ureteral calculi
  • Patient refusal to participate in the study
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
130 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    4,5/6,5f URS

    Group operated with 4.5/6.5f ureteroscope

    Procedure: endoscopic ureteric lithotripsy

  • Active comparator
    8/9,8f URS

    Group operated with 8/9.8f ureteroscope

    Procedure: endoscopic ureteric lithotripsy

Interventions

  • Procedureendoscopic ureteric lithotripsy

    2 different sizes of ureteroscopes, 4.5/6.5f and 8/9.8f, will be used in the study.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in STAI-TX1 Score (Postoperative - Preoperative)

    The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Form TX-1, is a validated instrument used to assess situational (state) anxiety. The STAI-TX1 consists of 20 items scored on a 4-point Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 20 to 80. Higher scores indicate greater levels of anxiety. In this study, the STAI-TX1 was administered immediately before and immediately after each procedure. A change score (ΔSTAI-TX1) was calculated by subtracting the preoperative score from the postoperative score (postoperative minus preoperative). Positive values (ΔSTAI-TX1 \> 0) indicate an increase in anxiety, whereas values ≤ 0 indicate no increase or a decrease in anxiety.

    Time frame: Immediately before and immediately after the procedure

06

Results

Posted Apr 13, 2026
Limitations and caveats
No interpretative statements are provided in this section. All results are presented in the corresponding outcome measure data tables.

Participant flow

After obtaining local ethics committee approval, patients who presented to the urology pool clinic with ureteral stones and were scheduled for ureteroscopy were included in the study. Following the latest gpower analysis, it was decided to include 65 patients in each of the two groups.

Participant flow — Overall Study
Milestone4,5/6,5f URS Group8/9,8f URS
Started6565
Completed6565
Not completed00

Outcome measures

PrimaryChange in STAI-TX1 Score (Postoperative - Preoperative)

The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Form TX-1, is a validated instrument used to assess situational (state) anxiety. The STAI-TX1 consists of 20 items scored on a 4-point Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 20 to 80. Higher scores indicate greater levels of anxiety. In this study, the STAI-TX1 was administered immediately before and immediately after each procedure. A change score (ΔSTAI-TX1) was calculated by subtracting the preoperative score from the postoperative score (postoperative minus preoperative). Positive values (ΔSTAI-TX1 \> 0) indicate an increase in anxiety, whereas values ≤ 0 indicate no increase or a decrease in anxiety.

Time frame:
Immediately before and immediately after the procedure
Reported as:
Mean · Scores on a scale
Change in STAI-TX1 Score (Postoperative - Preoperative)
Scores on a scale4,5/6,5f URS8/9,8f URS
Change in STAI-TX1 Score (Postoperative - Preoperative)1.35 ± 4.45.05 ± 9.6

Adverse events

Collected over From the start of the procedure until hospital discharge (typically within 1-2 days postoperatively). Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
4,5/6,5f URS0/65 (0%)0/65 (0%)6/65 (9.2%)
8/9,8f URS0/65 (0%)0/65 (0%)15/65 (23.1%)
Most frequent other events
Most frequent other events
Event4,5/6,5f URS8/9,8f URS
mild hematuriaRenal and urinary disorders4/6510/65
renal colicRenal and urinary disorders4/656/65

Baseline characteristics

There is no missing data in the study.

Age, Categorical
Age, Categorical(Participants)4,5/6,5f URS Group8/9,8f URSTotal
<=18 years000
Between 18 and 65 years5557112
>=65 years10818
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)4,5/6,5f URS Group8/9,8f URSTotal
Female252348
Male404282
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected(Participants)4,5/6,5f URS Group8/9,8f URSTotal
Count of participants——0
07

Study locations

1 site
  • Aydın State Hospital
    Aydin, Aydın 09100, Turkey (Türkiye)
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Jones KI, Amawi F, Bhalla A, Peacock O, Williams JP, Lund JN. Assessing surgeon stress when operating using heart rate variability and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory: will surgery be the death of us? Colorectal Dis. 2015 Apr;17(4):335-41. doi: 10.1111/codi.12844. PubMed 25406932 ↗
  • Omar M, Dorrah M, Khalifa A, El Sherif E, Sayedahmed K, Ghazwani Y, Noureldin YA. Randomized comparison of 4.5/6 Fr versus 6/7.5 Fr ureteroscopes for laser lithotripsy of lower/middle ureteral calculi: towards optimization of efficacy and safety of semirigid ureteroscopy. World J Urol. 2022 Dec;40(12):3075-3081. doi: 10.1007/s00345-022-04173-2. Epub 2022 Oct 8. PubMed 36208314 ↗
  • Uzun H, Akca N. Is the 4.5-F ureteroscope (Ultra-Thin) an alternative in the management of ureteric and renal pelvic stones? Arab J Urol. 2018 Jun 21;16(4):429-434. doi: 10.1016/j.aju.2018.04.006. eCollection 2018 Dec. PubMed 30534443 ↗
  • Atis G, Arikan O, Gurbuz C, Yildirim A, Erol B, Pelit S, Ulus I, Caskurlu T. Comparison of different ureteroscope sizes in treating ureteral calculi in adult patients. Urology. 2013 Dec;82(6):1231-5. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.07.021. Epub 2013 Sep 12. PubMed 24035032 ↗

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · Mar 25, 2026

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — It is not planned to share individual participant data unless specifically requested by the journal in which the study will be published.

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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06935500
Lead sponsor
Aydin Adnan Menderes University
Responsible party
Gökhan Şahin (Principal Investigator, Aydin Adnan Menderes University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Apr 20, 2025
Start date
Jul 10, 2025
Primary completion
Nov 15, 2025
Completion
Nov 15, 2025
Results posted
Apr 13, 2026
Last update
Aug 19, 2026

Study contacts

GÖKHAN ŞAHİN
study chair · Aydin Adnan Menderes University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Jul 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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