An interventional study of Telepsychiatric Parent Training Program and Routine Treatment in Telepsychotherapy, Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity (ADHD) and Children, sponsored by Uşak University. Completed at 1 site in Turkey. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-03-19.
Sponsored by Uşak University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care
This study was conducted to examine the effects of a telepsychiatric parent training program implemented for primary caregivers of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
The study employed a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test, and re-test control group design. It was conducted from March to June 2022 via videoconferencing with primary caregivers of children aged 7-12 years diagnosed with ADHD, registered at the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Outpatient Clinic of Dokuz Eylül University Hospital. Caregivers in the experimental group completed Turkey's first "Telepsychiatric Parent Training" program, featuring nine 60-minute videoconference sessions. Data were collected using the "Descriptive Information Form," "Zarid Burden Interview (ZBI-22)," "Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14)," and "Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)." Data were collected before the program, after the program, and at the 2-month follow-up. The program was also implemented with caregivers in the control group after the research process was completed. Data from the experimental and control groups were analyzed using two-way mixed ANOVA. To determine the effect of the intervention, post-hoc power (β) analysis was conducted using the G*Power 3.1.9.7 program, and the level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Study hypotheses are:
H1: There is a difference in the average scores of the Caregiving Burden Scale (CBS) for primary caregivers of children with ADHD based on time, group, and the group*time interaction after the application of a parent training program.
H2: There is a difference in the average scores of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) for primary caregivers of children with ADHD based on time, group, and the group*time interaction after the application of a parent training program.
H3: There is a difference in the average scores of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for primary caregivers of children with ADHD based on time, group, and the group*time interaction after the application of a parent training program.
All caregivers (100%) successfully completed the program. Caregivers showed significant improvements in caregiving burden, stress levels , and difficulties.
This study explores the effects of a telepsychiatric parent training program designed for primary caregivers of children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that significantly impacts children's behavior, attention, and social interactions, leading to challenges for both the children and their caregivers. This study aimed to assess how a structured, remote training program could help caregivers manage these challenges by reducing caregiver burden, stress, and emotional difficulties.
The research employed a quasi-experimental design, involving both experimental and control groups to evaluate the program's effectiveness. The study was conducted from March to June 2022 with caregivers of children aged 7 to 12 years diagnosed with ADHD. Participants were recruited from the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Outpatient Clinic of Dokuz Eylül University Hospital.
Caregivers in the experimental group participated in Turkey's first "Telepsychiatric Parent Training" program, which consisted of nine 60-minute videoconference sessions. The program was delivered remotely, offering flexibility and ease of access for the participants. The training program was specifically designed to provide caregivers with practical tools and strategies for managing the behavioral challenges of children with ADHD. The sessions covered topics such as ADHD symptoms, parenting techniques, emotional regulation, and stress management.
To measure the effectiveness of the program, data were collected at three points: before the program, immediately after the program, and two months following the program. Several established scales were used to assess various aspects of the caregivers' experiences, including the Zarid Burden Interview (ZBI-22) to evaluate caregiving burden, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) to measure stress levels, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to assess emotional and behavioral difficulties in the children. These tools provided a comprehensive view of the impact of the program on both the caregivers and the children.
The data analysis was conducted using two-way mixed ANOVA to assess the differences across time and between the experimental and control groups. The study's findings revealed significant improvements in caregiving burden, stress levels, and child difficulties, with statistical significance observed across pre-test, post-test, and follow-up measurements. These improvements were further supported by post-hoc power analysis, confirming the program's efficacy in addressing the challenges faced by caregivers of children with ADHD.
This study highlights the positive impact of telepsychiatric parent training on reducing stress, caregiving burden, and child difficulties. The success of this program suggests that similar telepsychiatric interventions can be a sustainable and effective model for supporting caregivers, particularly in settings where in-person interventions may be difficult. Additionally, the involvement of psychiatric nurses in delivering such programs may further enhance the effectiveness of the interventions.
Given that this program is the first of its kind in Turkey, it offers valuable insights into the feasibility and effectiveness of telepsychiatric parent training programs. The results support the idea that expanding such programs could provide significant benefits for caregivers, improving their mental health and quality of life while also benefiting the children they care for.
Future studies are recommended to explore the long-term effects of such interventions and assess their feasibility in a broader context, including different populations and settings. Overall, this research contributes to the growing field of telepsychiatry and offers a promising approach for supporting caregivers of children with ADHD.
1,514 studies on the registry are indexed under Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; 255 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 68 is close to the median of 72 across 1,207 interventional studies indexed under Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity.
Browse Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity studies →Uşak University is the lead sponsor of 78 studies on the registry; 11 are open to participants now.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Participants in this group received Turkey's first "Telepsychiatric Parent Training" program, which consisted of nine 60-minute videoconference sessions aimed at improving caregiver burden, stress, and child behavioral difficulties.
Behavioral: Telepsychiatric Parent Training Program
Participants in this group continued with the routine treatment and services provided to caregivers of children with ADHD at the clinic.
Other: Routine Treatment
This study involves a telepsychiatric parent training program for caregivers of children with ADHD. The program includes 9 sessions, each addressing specific topics related to managing ADHD-related behaviors and enhancing parenting strategies. Sessions are primarily delivered through a telepsychiatric platform, such as video conferencing (e.g., Zoom), with additional support provided through text-based communication via platforms like WhatsApp, and, when necessary, follow-up phone calls. The content covers behavior management techniques, stress coping strategies, and skills for managing emotional and behavioral issues in children with ADHD. This intervention is designed to provide accessible, flexible support to caregivers, enhancing their ability to manage their child's condition.
Routine treatment and services (no intervention, participants continue with their usual care)
Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22)
This outcome measures the caregiver burden experienced by parents of children with ADHD. The ZBI-22 assesses various aspects of the emotional, physical, and social burden on caregivers. It evaluates the level of strain experienced by parents in relation to caregiving tasks and their well-being. The total burden score ranges from 0 to 88, with higher scores indicating a greater level of caregiver burden. Time Frame: The measurement will be taken at pre-test, post-test, and during a follow-up period after the intervention (i.e., 2 months post-intervention) to assess changes over time and group differences.
Time frame: Baseline (pre-test), immediately after the intervention (post-test, approximately Week 9), and follow-up at 2 months post-intervention (approximately Week 17).
Perceived Stress (PSS-14)
This outcome measures the perceived stress levels of caregivers using the PSS-14. The scale assesses the extent to which caregivers feel stress in their daily lives, particularly regarding the challenges of caring for children with ADHD. The total perceived stress score ranges from 0 to 56, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress.
Time frame: Baseline (pre-test), immediately after the intervention (post-test, approximately Week 9), and follow-up at 2 months post-intervention (approximately Week 17).
Emotional and Behavioral Issues in Children (SDQ)
This outcome measures the emotional and behavioral issues in children with ADHD, as reported by their caregivers. The SDQ assesses various domains, including emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationships, and prosocial behavior. The total difficulties score ranges from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater emotional and behavioral difficulties.
Time frame: Baseline (pre-test), immediately after the intervention (post-test, approximately Week 9), and follow-up at 2 months post-intervention (approximately Week 17).
Time-Related Changes in the Experimental Group
This outcome measures the changes in the primary scales (ZBI-22, PSS-14, SDQ) for the experimental group over the course of the study. Specifically, changes between pre-test, post-test, and 2-month follow-up are assessed.
Time frame: Baseline (Week 0), immediately after the intervention (Week 9), and follow-up at 2 months post-intervention (approximately Week 17).
Plan to share: No — At this stage, a decision has not yet been made regarding the sharing of individual participant data (IPD) due to the need to review data security procedures to ensure the protection of participants' privacy. Additionally, the research data will be used solely for analysis within the study.
This study is completed, as verified in Mar 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Uşak University