An interventional study of Eccentric exercise program (EEP) and ESWT (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy) in Patellar Tendinopathy and Patellar Tendon Pain, sponsored by Ahi Evran University Education and Research Hospital. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-27.
Sponsored by Ahi Evran University Education and Research Hospital · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in addition to eccentric exercise on the clinical outcomes of PT in the treatment of athletes with patellar tendinopathy (PT). Participants will be randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group will receive focus ESWT 3 times a week in addition to 6 weeks of exercise. The control group will be given 6 weeks of exercise. Evaluations will be made at the 3rd and 6th weeks, and at the 3rd, 6th and 12th months. Patient evaluation will begin with obtaining sociodemographic information. Patients' pain level will be assessed using visual analog scale (VAS), tendon pain and function VISA-P, functional capacity; The patients will be assessed with the maximal vertical jump test (MDS), single leg jump distance test (SLHD), single leg squat test (STS) on the incline board, pain catastrophe with the pain catastrophe scale (PCS), kinesiophobia with the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS), quality of life short form-12 (SF-12) and physical activity level with the Tegner Activity Scale (TAS).
10,054 studies on the registry are indexed under Pain; 1,649 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 26 is below the median of 66 across 8,493 interventional studies indexed under Pain.
Browse Pain studies →Ahi Evran University Education and Research Hospital is the lead sponsor of 39 studies on the registry; 4 are open to participants now.
Compared within Pain, this study's primary condition as ClinicalTrials.gg classifies it; the registry's first condition term is Motor Activity. The counts are of registry records indexed under each term, refreshed daily. How we classify →
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Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.
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Corticosteroids (steroids)
Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.
Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Other: Eccentric exercise program (EEP)
Other: Eccentric exercise program (EEP) · Other: ESWT (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy)
All participants will perform a 6-week single-leg eccentric squat exercise. It will be performed on an incline board with a 25° incline. It will consist of a single-leg squat, with the downward component (eccentric phase) of the EEP performed using the symptomatic leg and the upward component (concentric phase) using the contralateral leg primarily. If pain occurs during the exercises, athletes will be asked to continue the exercise if they score ≤5 out of 10 on the Visual Acuity Scale (VAS). The exercises will be attempted in the first session of each week, and if no or very little pain is felt, the weight will be increased by 2.5% to increase the intensity of the exercise. Three sets of 15 repetitions per session will be performed twice a day. It will be performed 5 days a week. Participants will be asked to fill out an exercise diary (sets, repetitions, and daily frequency) and return it to the researchers at each follow-up session.
ESWT is a therapy method routinely used in private and public hospitals. Tendinopathy therapy parameters approved by the International Society for Medical Shock Wave Therapy (ISMST) for focused ESWT treatment are: 0.10-0.25 mJ/mm (dosing appropriate to pain), up to a maximum of 5 Hz, 1500-2500 pulses per session, 1-2 weeks apart. Accordingly, in our study, the focused ESWT dosage of the ESWT group will be applied as; 0.10-0.25 mJ/mm (dosing appropriate to pain), 4 Hz, 2000 pulses, 1 session per week for 3 weeks. No exercise will be done on the day of ESWT.
Sociodemographic Assessment
Age, gender, height, weight, BMI, sports age, occupation, dominant side, affected side, currently doing sports, did they do sports in the past
Time frame: Baseline
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
The pain intensity felt by the participants in the knee joint during rest and activity, respectively, will be assessed with VAS. VAS is an easy-to-use scale as it does not have any language and is frequently applied in clinics. Individuals will be asked to describe the pain they feel during the test on a 10 cm scale as "0" (no pain) and "10" (unbearable pain).
Time frame: Baseline, 3 week, 6 week, 3 month, 6 month, 12 month
VISA-P Questionnaire
Assess symptom severity, knee function and sports ability in athletes with PT. VISA-P questionnaire consists of 8 questions. The first 6 questions are to assess symptom severity during sports activities and the last 2 questions ask about sports-related knowledge interaction and participation. The maximum score of the first 7 questions of VISA-P questionnaire is 10 points and the last question is 30 points. Theoretically, the maximum score of VISA-P questionnaire is 100 and the minimum score is 0. The maximum VISA score for an asymptomatic athlete is 100 points.
Time frame: Baseline, 3 week, 6 week, 3 month, 6 month, 12 month
Maximal vertical jump test
The Vertical Jump Test (vertical jump or upright jump) is a commonly performed fitness test to determine an athlete's leg muscle strength or explosive power. The higher the jump, the stronger an athlete's leg muscle/explosive power. The test will be performed with an Optojump.
Time frame: Baseline, 3 week, 6 week, 3 month, 6 month, 12 month
Single-leg hop distance test (SLHD)
The long-distance single-leg hop (SLHD) is the most frequently reported functional test. Participants will be instructed to stand on the leg to be tested, jump as far forward as possible, and land on the same leg. The test procedure will be explained and then demonstrated. Participants will be given a practice run before the main measurement until they become familiar with the test and will be performed three times on both legs, starting with the non-dominant leg. Participants must not have any loss of balance during landing before the jump distance is measured and recorded. Dropping the other foot during the jump or landing, any abnormal movement that causes the supporting leg to move during landing, or touching the ground with the upper extremities will be recorded as a failed attempt. After an unsuccessful attempt, participants will be reminded to maintain balance on the landing leg for two seconds. They will then be allowed to perform a new attempt. The jump test will be considere
Time frame: Baseline, 3 week, 6 week, 3 month, 6 month, 12 month
Incline board single-leg squat test (EET)
The incline board single-leg squat test (EET) is recommended as a provocation test to differentiate patellar tendon pain. The single-leg eccentric squat exercise will be performed on an incline board with a 25° incline (Impellizzeri et al., 2007). The EET will consist of a single-leg squat, with the downward component (eccentric phase) performed with the symptomatic leg and the upward component (concentric phase) primarily using the contralateral leg. The original test was described using a 25° incline board to increase the load on the patellar tendon and avoiding flexion beyond 60°. Localized pain at the inferior pole of the patella is identified as an important diagnostic sign for patellar tendinopathy. Participants will be asked to squat to the point of pain and the squat angles will be measured with a goniometer. Pain levels will be recorded with a VAS. A difference of 2 points on the VAS will be considered the minimal clinically important difference (MCID).
Time frame: Baseline, 3 week, 6 week, 3 month, 6 month, 12 month
Tegner Activity Scale (TAS)
Tegner activity scale (TAS) is a 1-item instrument that assesses activity levels for sports (competitive or recreational football, basketball, handball, etc.) and occupational activities (light or heavy work). It assesses the patient's work and sports activity level on an 11-level scale, with higher scores representing higher physical activity levels.
Time frame: Baseline
Pain Catastrophizing Scale
The participants' pain catastrophizing will be assessed using the "Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)". The Turkish version of the "Pain Catastrophizing Scale", which has been reported to reliably predict certain variables such as fear, emotion or thought related to past pain experiences, severe pain, disability and emotional disturbances, will be assessed using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. The scale consists of 13 questions scored between 0-4 (0=Not at all, 1=Somewhat. 2=Moderately, 3=Severely, 4=Always). An increase in the scale score indicates a high fear of experiencing pain.
Time frame: Baseline, 3 week, 6 week, 3 month, 6 month, 12 month
Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale
TKS is a 17-question checklist and is used in acute and chronic low back pain, fibromyalgia, musculoskeletal injuries, and whiplash-related diseases. The scale uses a 4-point Likert score (1= Strongly disagree, 4= Strongly agree). A total score is calculated after reversing items 4, 8, 12, and 16. The person receives a total score between 17-68. A high score on the scale indicates that the person has high kinesiophobia. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire in Turkish was conducted by Tunca Yılmaz and his colleagues. For chronic pain, a change of 5.6 points is considered clinically significant.
Time frame: Baseline, 3 week, 6 week, 3 month, 6 month, 12 month
Quality of Life (SF-12)
SF-12 consists of 8 sub-dimensions and 12 items: physical functioning (2 items), physical role (2 items), body pain (1 item), general health (1 item), energy (1 item), social functioning (1 item), emotional role (2 items) and mental health (2 items). While the items related to physical and emotional role are answered as dichotomous (yes or no), the other items have Likert-type options ranging from 3 to 6. The total score of the survey ranges from 0 to 100, with a higher score representing better health.
Time frame: Baseline, 3 week, 6 week, 3 month, 6 month, 12 month
Plan to share: No
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Ahi Evran University Education and Research Hospital