A Phase 3 interventional study of Biospecimen Collection and Biospecimen Collection in Pleuropulmonary Blastoma, sponsored by Children's Oncology Group. Recruiting at 87 sites in 2 countries. Open to participants aged Up to 21 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-25.
Sponsored by Children's Oncology Group · Phase 3, Interventional, and Treatment
This phase III trial tests how well surgery plus chemotherapy compared to surgery alone works in treating patients with type I pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB), and tests how well surgery plus standard chemotherapy with the addition of topotecan works compared to surgery plus standard chemotherapy alone in treating patients with type II and III PPB.
Historically, most children with type I PPB had surgery and approximately 40% of children with type I PPB received chemotherapy following their surgery, usually for 22-42 weeks. There has not been a consistent standard for which children with type I PPB receive chemotherapy after surgery. For patients whose tumor has been removed completely with surgery, observation without chemotherapy may work as well as giving chemotherapy after surgery in preventing a return of the PPB tumor.
The standard chemotherapy for patients with types II or III PPB in the United States is four cycles of IVADo (ifosfamide, vincristine, dactinomycin, and doxorubicin) followed by 8 cycles of IVA (ifosfamide, vincristine and dactinomycin). Ifosfamide is in a class of medications called alkylating agents. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of tumor cells in the body. Vincristine is in a class of medications called vinca alkaloids. It works by stopping tumor cells from growing and dividing and may kill them. Dactinomycin is a type of antibiotic that is only used in cancer chemotherapy (antineoplastic antibiotic). It works by damaging the cell's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and may kill tumor cells. Doxorubicin is in a class of medications called anthracyclines. Doxorubicin damages the cell's DNA and may kill tumor cells. It also blocks a certain enzyme needed for cell division and DNA repair. Topotecan is in a class of medications called topoisomerase I inhibitors. It works by interfering with tumor cell DNA which kills them. Giving topotecan in addition to standard IVADo and IVA chemotherapy regimens may shrink the cancer as well as or better than the standard therapy or could decrease the chance the tumor spreads while causing fewer side effects.
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:
I. To determine the overall response rate (complete response [CR] + partial response [PR]) to 2 cycles of window therapy with vincristine, topotecan and cyclophosphamide in children with Types II and III pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria.
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To estimate 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in children with Types II and III PPB.
II. To estimate 3-year PFS and OS in children with Type I PPB treated with surgery or surgery and chemotherapy using standardized guidelines.
EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:
I. To assess primary resection rate in children with Types I, II and III PPB using central radiology review and standardized surgical guidelines.
II. To assess surgical complications among those undergoing primary resection versus (vs.) biopsy followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy for Types II and III PPB.
III. To establish a new cohort of prospectively treated children with newly diagnosed PPB which will serve as a comparison group for future novel agent trials.
IV. To evaluate toxicities in children treated for PPB including late cardiopulmonary toxicity.
V. To evaluate the molecular genetics/epigenetics of PPB and correlate with outcomes.
VI. To collect tumor tissue and serial blood samples for tumor profiling, liquid biopsies, and future correlative biology studies.
OUTLINE: Patients are assigned to 1 of 2 groups. For both groups, tumor tissue is centrally reviewed by a study pathologist. Blood samples are collected at specific clinical timepoints.
GROUP I (TYPE I/Ir PPB): Patients \< 5 years old with Type I PPB whose tumor was not able to be completely removed by surgery are assigned to Arm 1. All other patients are assigned to Arm 2.
ARM 1 (VAC1200/VA REGIMEN): Patients receive vincristine intravenously (IV) on days 1, 8, and 15 of cycles 1-3 and 5-7, dactinomycin IV over 1-5 or 10-15 minutes on day 1 of each cycle, and cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes on day 1 of cycles 1-4. Cycles repeat every 21 days for 8 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo blood sample collection, computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound throughout the study.
ARM 2: Patients undergo observation on study. This includes blood sample collection, chest CT, and ultrasound throughout the study.
GROUP II: (TYPE II/III PPB):
CYCLES 1-2 (VTC400 REGIMEN): Patients receive vincristine IV on days 1, 8, and 15 of each cycle, topotecan IV over 30 minutes on days 1-5 of each cycle, and cyclophosphamide IV over 15-30 minutes on days 1-5 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 21 days for 2 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo multi-gated acquisition (MUGA) or echocardiography (ECHO), positron emission tomography (PET) or bone scan, CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and blood sample collection throughout the study.
Patients with complete response, partial response, or stable disease after cycle 2 are assigned to Arm 3. Patients with disease progression after cycle 2 are assigned to Arm 4. Patients also undergo surgery and radiation therapy as clinically indicated.
ARM 3:
CYCLES 3-6 (IVADo REGIMEN): Patients receive vincristine IV on day 1 of each cycle, dactinomycin IV over 1-5 or 10-15 minutes on day 1 of each cycle, ifosfamide IV over 3 hours on days 1-2 of each cycle, dexrazoxane IV over 5-15 minutes on days 1-2 of each cycle, and doxorubicin IV over 3-15 minutes on days 1-2 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 21 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
CYCLES 7, 9, 11 (VTC250 REGIMEN): Patients receive vincristine IV on days 1, 8, and 15 of each cycle, topotecan IV over 30 minutes on days 1-5 of each cycle, and cyclophosphamide IV over 15-30 minutes on days 1-5 of each cycle. Treatment continues for 21 days every odd cycle for 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
CYCLES 8, 10, 12 (VAC1200 REGIMEN): Patients receive vincristine IV on day 1 of each cycle, dactinomycin IV over 1-5 or 10-15 minutes on day 1 of each cycle, and cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Treatment continues for 21 days every even cycle for 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
ARM 4:
CYCLES 3-6 (IVADo REGIMEN): Patients receive vincristine IV on day 1 of each cycle, dactinomycin IV over 1-5 or 10-15 minutes on day 1 of each cycle, ifosfamide IV over 3 hours on days 1-2 of each cycle, dexrazoxane IV over 5-15 minutes on days 1-2 of each cycle, and doxorubicin IV over 3-15 minutes on days 1-2 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 21 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
CYCLES 7-12 (IVA REGIMEN): Patients receive vincristine IV on day 1 of each cycle, dactinomycin IV over 1-5 or 10-15 minutes on day 1 of each cycle, and ifosfamide IV over 3 hours on day 1 of each cycle. Cycles repeat every 21 days for 6 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed every 3 months for 24 months, then every 6 months until 5 years.
Children's Oncology Group is the lead sponsor of 436 studies on the registry; 34 are open to participants now.
Of its 12 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 11 (92%) have results posted.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Newly diagnosed PPB. Note that patients with known germline DICER1 variant or mosaicism with a large, solid unresectable thoracic mass with imaging features characteristic for Type II or III PPB are eligible without histologic confirmation of the diagnosis if a biopsy of the mass is not considered safe or feasible
For patients with Type II or III PPB (within 7 days prior to enrollment): A serum creatinine based on age/sex as follows:
For patients with Type II or III PPB (within 7 days prior to enrollment): Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) ≤ 135 U/L
Exclusion Criteria:
Patients receive vincristine IV on days 1, 8, and 15 of cycles 1-3 and 5-7, dactinomycin IV over 1-5 or 10-15 minutes on day 1 of each cycle, and cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes on day 1 of cycles 1-4. Cycles repeat every 21 days for 8 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Tumor tissue is collected and centrally reviewed by a study pathologist. Patients also undergo blood sample collection, CT and ultrasound throughout the study.
Procedure: Biospecimen Collection · Procedure: Computed Tomography · Drug: Cyclophosphamide · Biological: Dactinomycin · Procedure: Ultrasound Imaging · Drug: Vincristine
Patients undergo observation on study. This includes tumor tissue collection and review by a study pathologist, and blood sample collection, chest CT, and ultrasound throughout the study.
Procedure: Biospecimen Collection · Procedure: Computed Tomography · Other: Patient Observation · Procedure: Ultrasound Imaging
See Detailed Description for Group II, Arm 3.
Procedure: Biospecimen Collection · Procedure: Bone Scan · Procedure: Computed Tomography · Drug: Cyclophosphamide · Biological: Dactinomycin · Drug: Dexrazoxane · Drug: Doxorubicin · Procedure: Echocardiography Test · Drug: Ifosfamide · Procedure: Magnetic Resonance Imaging · Procedure: Multigated Acquisition Scan · Procedure: Positron Emission Tomography · Drug: Topotecan · Drug: Vincristine
See Detailed Description for Group II, Arm 4.
Procedure: Biospecimen Collection · Procedure: Bone Scan · Procedure: Computed Tomography · Drug: Cyclophosphamide · Biological: Dactinomycin · Drug: Dexrazoxane · Drug: Doxorubicin · Procedure: Echocardiography Test · Drug: Ifosfamide · Procedure: Magnetic Resonance Imaging · Procedure: Multigated Acquisition Scan · Procedure: Positron Emission Tomography · Drug: Topotecan · Drug: Vincristine
Undergo collection of blood samples
Also known as: Biological Sample Collection, Biospecimen Collected, Specimen Collection
Tumor tissue is collected and centrally reviewed by a study pathologist
Also known as: Biological Sample Collection, Biospecimen Collected, Specimen Collection
Undergo bone scan
Also known as: Bone Scintigraphy
Undergo CT
Also known as: CAT, CAT Scan, Computed Axial Tomography, Computerized Axial Tomography, Computerized axial tomography (procedure), Computerized Tomography, Computerized Tomography (CT) scan, CT, CT Scan, tomography
Given IV
Also known as: (-)-Cyclophosphamide, 2H-1,3,2-Oxazaphosphorine, 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-, 2-oxide, monohydrate, Asta B 518, B 518, B-518, B518, Carloxan, Ciclofosfamida, Ciclofosfamide, Cicloxal, Clafen, Claphene, CP monohydrate, CTX, CYCLO-cell, Cycloblastin, Cycloblastine, Cyclophospham, Cyclophosphamid monohydrate, Cyclophosphamide Monohydrate, Cyclophosphamidum, Cyclophosphan, Cyclophosphane, Cyclophosphanum, Cyclostin, Cyclostine, Cytophosphan, Cytophosphane, Cytoxan, Fosfaseron, Genoxal, Genuxal, Ledoxina, Mitoxan, Neosar, Revimmune, Syklofosfamid, WR 138719, WR- 138719, WR-138719, WR138719
Given IV
Also known as: Actinomycin A IV, Actinomycin C1, Actinomycin D, Actinomycin I1, Actinomycin IV, Actinomycin X 1, Actinomycin-[thr-val-pro-sar-meval], Cosmegen, DACT, Dactinomycine, Lyovac Cosmegen, Meractinomycin
Given IV
Also known as: 2, 6-Piperazinedione, 4,4'-propylenedi-, (P)- (8CI), 2,6-Piperazinedione, 4, 4'-(1-methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)bis-, (S)- (9CI), ADR 529, ADR-529, ADR529, ICRF 187, ICRF-187, ICRF187, Razoxane (+)-form, Soluble ICRF (L-isomer)
Given IV
Also known as: Adriablastin, Hydroxydaunomycin, Hydroxyl Daunorubicin, Hydroxyldaunorubicin
Undergo ECHO
Also known as: EC, Echocardiography
Given IV
Also known as: Asta Z 4942, Asta Z-4942, Cyfos, Holoxan, Holoxane, Ifex, IFO, IFO-Cell, Ifolem, Ifomida, Ifomide, Ifosfamidum, Ifoxan, IFX, Iphosphamid, Iphosphamide, Iso-Endoxan, Isoendoxan, Isophosphamide, Mitoxana, MJF 9325, MJF-9325, Naxamide, Seromida, Tronoxal, Z 4942, Z-4942
Undergo MRI
Also known as: Magnetic Resonance, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Magnetic resonance imaging (procedure), Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan, Medical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance / Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, MR, MR Imaging, MRI, MRI Scan, MRIs, NMR Imaging, NMRI, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, sMRI, Structural MRI
Undergo MUGA
Also known as: Blood Pool Scan, Equilibrium Radionuclide Angiography, Gated Blood Pool Imaging, Gated Heart Pool Scan, MUGA, MUGA Scan, Multi-Gated Acquisition Scan, Radionuclide Ventriculogram Scan, Radionuclide Ventriculography, RNV Scan, RNVG, SYMA Scanning, Synchronized Multigated Acquisition Scanning
Undergo observation
Also known as: Active Surveillance, deferred therapy, expectant management, Observation, Watchful Waiting
Undergo PET
Also known as: Medical Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography, PET, PET Scan, Positron emission tomography (procedure), Positron Emission Tomography Scan, Positron-Emission Tomography, PT
Given IV
Also known as: Hycamptamine, Topotecan Lactone
Undergo ultrasound
Also known as: 2-Dimensional Grayscale Ultrasound Imaging, 2-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging, 2D-US, Ultrasonography, Ultrasound, Ultrasound Test, Ultrasound, Medical, US
Given IV
Also known as: LCR, Leurocristine, VCR, Vincrystine
Objective response
Response rates at the end of Cycle 2 will be calculated as the percent of evaluable patients who are responders, and confidence intervals will be constructed using the Wilson score interval method. Any eligible type II/III patients who do not undergo complete resection, have measurable disease at baseline (per central review) and start protocol therapy will be included in the primary analysis.
Time frame: Up to 2 cycles (cycles = 21 days) of window therapy with vincristine, topotecan and cyclophosphamide
Progression-free survival (PFS) in children with Types II and III pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB)
3-year PFS, along with the confidence intervals will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. These results will be presented for Type II and III patients combined regardless of the timing of surgery.
Time frame: From date of enrollment to the earliest occurrence of relapse, disease progression, or death due to any cause, assessed up to 3 years
Overall survival (OS) in children with Types II and III PPB
3-year OS, along with the confidence intervals will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. These results will be presented for Type II and III patients combined regardless of the timing of surgery.
Time frame: From date of enrollment to date of death due to any reason, assessed up to 3 years
PFS in children with Types I PPB
3-year PFS, along with the confidence intervals will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
Time frame: From date of enrollment to the earliest occurrence of relapse, disease progression, or death due to any cause, assessed up to 3 years
OS in children with Types I PPB
3-year OS, along with the confidence intervals will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
Time frame: From date of enrollment to date of death due to any reason, assessed up to 3 years
Resection rates for Type I PPB
Will be reported based on central radiology reviews.
Time frame: Prior to protocol therapy
Resection rates for Type II and III PPB
Will be reported based on central radiology reviews.
Time frame: Prior to protocol therapy
Resection rates for Type II and III PPB
Will be reported based on central radiology reviews.
Time frame: Prior to cycle 5 (cycles = 21 days)
Incidence of surgery-related adverse events
Percentage of patients with surgery related adverse event. Results will be summarized separately for those undergoing primary resection versus those undergoing biopsy followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Time frame: Up to 5 years
Incidence of adverse events
Percentage of patients with Grade 3 or higher toxicities on protocol therapy.
Time frame: Up to 36 weeks
PFS
Will use Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests to analyze PFS based on DICER1 germline status, hotspot mutations, and p53 status. Additionally, Cox proportional hazards regression will be used to evaluate the influence of these genetic factors on PFS controlling for confounding variables as necessary.
Time frame: Up to 5 years
Primary outcome treatment effects by sex
Estimates of the primary outcome treatment effect and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by sex will be provided.
Time frame: Up to 5 years
Primary outcome treatment effects by race
Estimates of the primary outcome treatment effect and the corresponding 95% CIs by race will be provided.
Time frame: Up to 5 years
Primary outcome treatment effects by ethnicity
Estimates of the primary outcome treatment effect and the corresponding 95% CIs by ethnicity will be provided.
Time frame: Up to 5 years
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Pleuropulmonary blastoma
Children's Oncology Group