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CompletedNCT06534398CantileversUpdated Aug 7, 2024

Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Implant-supported Prostheses With Cantilever Extensions After 10 Years of Function

An observational study in Dental Implants, sponsored by Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki. Completed at 1 site in Greece. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-08-07.

Sponsored by Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Retrospective
Enrollment
19
Sex
All
01

Study summary

A retrospective examination was performed on patients who had received treatment with dental implants supporting a prosthesis with a cantilever extension for at least 10 years of function.

Read the detailed description

The successful use of osseointegrated dental implants in replacing missing teeth has been adequately documented, with multiple studies reporting long-term success exceeding 10 years of function. However, there is still insufficient evidence in cases where availability of adequate bone precludes ideal placement of implants. Examples of cases like these include the posterior maxilla when pneumatization of the maxillary sinus does not allow for placement of implants, or areas of thin bone that would require extensive guided bone regeneration (GBR) techniques and increase patient morbidity. In such cases the use of fixed dental prostheses (FDPC's) with cantilever extension has been suggested in lieu of sinus lift techniques or GBR procedures. However, few studies have actually addressed the long-term success of such FDPC's, both from a surgical and a prosthetic standpoint, especially in posterior areas of the mandible and maxilla where loading forces are expected to be higher.

Two studies addressed this issue in the early 2000's with successful outcomes reported for an observation period of 5 years. Others reported similar outcomes after a mean observation period of 5.6 years. The 5th Consensus Conference of the European Association of Osseointegration (EAO) suggested that such treatment can be recommended to patients, albeit with little available evidence and limited follow-up of cases. Recent studies have delved further into this issue, offering longer follow-up data of more than 10 years of function. They included both 2 unit FDP's anchored on one implant and 3 unit FDP's anchored on two implants with cantilever extensions. They concluded that this treatment modality is a reliable option with long-term stability and few complications, mainly prosthetic.

The aim of this retrospective study is to offer further data on the long-term success and complications when at least two dental implants are used to support a FDPC in the posterior areas of both jaws, after at least 10 years of function.

02

Conditions studied

  • Dental Implants

Keywords

  • Dental implants
  • cantilever extension
  • biologic complications
  • technical complications
03

In context

Lead sponsor

Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki is the lead sponsor of 281 studies on the registry; 57 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
Child (0–17), Adult (18–64), Older adult (65+)
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

The patient sample of this study is part of a retrospective evaluation of patients who received treatment with dental implants in a private periodontal practice environment between 2000 and 2013, with at least 10 years of functional loading of their prosthetic work. Patients who received Fixed Dental Prostheses with Cantilever Extension were included in this study sample

Eligibility criteria

The inclusion criteria were as follows:

  • Age 18 years and over
  • Systemic health or controlled medical conditions
  • Periodontal health, either no periodontal disease, or previously treated periodontal disease and under a supportive periodontal maintenance (SPT) program
  • Smokers were included but encouraged to enter a smoking cessation program
  • Patients with bruxism or parafunctional habits were included.

The exclusion criteria were as follows:

  • Uncontrolled medical conditions
  • Active uncontrolled periodontal disease
  • Inability to present for the reevaluation appointment
  • Immediate implant placement
  • Cantilever units that were part of full-arch restorations
  • Cantilever units that were connected to a single implant
  • Non-existent opposing dentition
05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Retrospective
Enrollment
19 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No

Interventions

  • DeviceDental implant prosthesis with cantilever extension

    A retrospective study on the radiographic and clinical findings of implant-supported dental prostheses with cantilever extensions in place and function for at least 10 years

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Mean bone loss

    Mean bone loss measured from the difference of the bone levels at time of implant placement compared to the time of examination

    Time frame: 10 years at least

Secondary outcomes

  1. Mean Probing Depth

    The average probing depth at the time of examination at each implant site

    Time frame: 10 years at least

  2. Biologic complications

    Recording of biologic complications around implants (health, peri-implant mucositis, peri-implantitis

    Time frame: 10 years at least

  3. Technical complications

    Recording of prosthetic complications encountered at the dental prostheses with cantilever extensions

    Time frame: 10 years at least

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Dentistry
    Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Wennstrom J, Zurdo J, Karlsson S, Ekestubbe A, Grondahl K, Lindhe J. Bone level change at implant-supported fixed partial dentures with and without cantilever extension after 5 years in function. J Clin Periodontol. 2004 Dec;31(12):1077-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00603.x. PubMed 15560808 ↗
  • Schmid E, Morandini M, Roccuzzo A, Ramseier CA, Sculean A, Salvi GE. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of implant-supported fixed dental prostheses with cantilever extension. A retrospective cohort study with a follow-up of at least 10 years. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2020 Dec;31(12):1243-1252. doi: 10.1111/clr.13672. Epub 2020 Oct 17. PubMed 32991763 ↗
  • Aglietta M, Iorio Siciliano V, Blasi A, Sculean A, Bragger U, Lang NP, Salvi GE. Clinical and radiographic changes at implants supporting single-unit crowns (SCs) and fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) with one cantilever extension. A retrospective study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012 May;23(5):550-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02391.x. Epub 2012 Jan 17. PubMed 22250868 ↗
  • Araujo MG, Lindhe J. Peri-implant health. J Periodontol. 2018 Jun;89 Suppl 1:S249-S256. doi: 10.1002/JPER.16-0424. PubMed 29926949 ↗
  • Baumer A, Toekan S, Saure D, Korner G. Survival and success of implants in a private periodontal practice: a 10 year retrospective study. BMC Oral Health. 2020 Mar 30;20(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01064-z. PubMed 32228667 ↗
  • Berglundh T, Armitage G, Araujo MG, Avila-Ortiz G, Blanco J, Camargo PM, Chen S, Cochran D, Derks J, Figuero E, Hammerle CHF, Heitz-Mayfield LJA, Huynh-Ba G, Iacono V, Koo KT, Lambert F, McCauley L, Quirynen M, Renvert S, Salvi GE, Schwarz F, Tarnow D, Tomasi C, Wang HL, Zitzmann N. Peri-implant diseases and conditions: Consensus report of workgroup 4 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Clin Periodontol. 2018 Jun;45 Suppl 20:S286-S291. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12957. PubMed 29926491 ↗
  • Chappuis V, Buser R, Bragger U, Bornstein MM, Salvi GE, Buser D. Long-term outcomes of dental implants with a titanium plasma-sprayed surface: a 20-year prospective case series study in partially edentulous patients. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2013 Dec;15(6):780-90. doi: 10.1111/cid.12056. Epub 2013 Mar 18. PubMed 23506385 ↗
  • Derks J, Schaller D, Hakansson J, Wennstrom JL, Tomasi C, Berglundh T. Effectiveness of Implant Therapy Analyzed in a Swedish Population: Prevalence of Peri-implantitis. J Dent Res. 2016 Jan;95(1):43-9. doi: 10.1177/0022034515608832. PubMed 26701919 ↗
  • Frisch E, Wild V, Ratka-Kruger P, Vach K, Sennhenn-Kirchner S. Long-term results of implants and implant-supported prostheses under systematic supportive implant therapy: A retrospective 25-year study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2020 Dec;22(6):689-696. doi: 10.1111/cid.12944. Epub 2020 Sep 23. PubMed 32969180 ↗
  • Gracis S, Michalakis K, Vigolo P, Vult von Steyern P, Zwahlen M, Sailer I. Internal vs. external connections for abutments/reconstructions: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012 Oct;23 Suppl 6:202-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02556.x. PubMed 23062143 ↗
  • Halg GA, Schmid J, Hammerle CH. Bone level changes at implants supporting crowns or fixed partial dentures with or without cantilevers. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008 Oct;19(10):983-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2008.01556.x. PubMed 18828813 ↗
  • Hammerle CHF, Cordaro L, Alccayhuaman KAA, Botticelli D, Esposito M, Colomina LE, Gil A, Gulje FL, Ioannidis A, Meijer H, Papageorgiou S, Raghoebar G, Romeo E, Renouard F, Storelli S, Torsello F, Wachtel H. Biomechanical aspects: Summary and consensus statements of group 4. The 5th EAO Consensus Conference 2018. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2018 Oct;29 Suppl 18:326-331. doi: 10.1111/clr.13284. PubMed 30306690 ↗
  • Karoussis IK, Salvi GE, Heitz-Mayfield LJ, Bragger U, Hammerle CH, Lang NP. Long-term implant prognosis in patients with and without a history of chronic periodontitis: a 10-year prospective cohort study of the ITI Dental Implant System. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003 Jun;14(3):329-39. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0501.000.00934.x. PubMed 12755783 ↗
  • Lekholm U, Grondahl K, Jemt T. Outcome of oral implant treatment in partially edentulous jaws followed 20 years in clinical function. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2006;8(4):178-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2006.00019.x. PubMed 17100743 ↗
  • Mombelli A, van Oosten MA, Schurch E Jr, Land NP. The microbiota associated with successful or failing osseointegrated titanium implants. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1987 Dec;2(4):145-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1987.tb00298.x. No abstract available. PubMed 3507627 ↗
  • Pjetursson BE, Zarauz C, Strasding M, Sailer I, Zwahlen M, Zembic A. A systematic review of the influence of the implant-abutment connection on the clinical outcomes of ceramic and metal implant abutments supporting fixed implant reconstructions. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2018 Oct;29 Suppl 18:160-183. doi: 10.1111/clr.13362. PubMed 30306682 ↗
  • Renvert S, Persson GR, Pirih FQ, Camargo PM. Peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis: Case definitions and diagnostic considerations. J Periodontol. 2018 Jun;89 Suppl 1:S304-S312. doi: 10.1002/JPER.17-0588. PubMed 29926953 ↗
  • Roccuzzo M, Bonino L, Dalmasso P, Aglietta M. Long-term results of a three arms prospective cohort study on implants in periodontally compromised patients: 10-year data around sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) surface. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014 Oct;25(10):1105-12. doi: 10.1111/clr.12227. Epub 2013 Jul 19. PubMed 23865554 ↗
  • Romeo E, Tomasi C, Finini I, Casentini P, Lops D. Implant-supported fixed cantilever prosthesis in partially edentulous jaws: a cohort prospective study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009 Nov;20(11):1278-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01766.x. Epub 2009 Aug 26. PubMed 19709064 ↗
  • Storelli S, Del Fabbro M, Scanferla M, Palandrani G, Romeo E. Implant-supported cantilevered fixed dental rehabilitations in fully edentulous patients: Systematic review of the literature. Part II. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2018 Oct;29 Suppl 18:275-294. doi: 10.1111/clr.13310. PubMed 30306687 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Ran from May 2024 to primary completion in Jul 2024, 2 months.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jul 30, 2024
First posted
Aug 2, 2024
StartActual
May 1, 2024
Primary completionActual
Jul 30, 2024
CompletionActual
Jul 30, 2024
Last update
Aug 7, 2024
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 7, 2024, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06534398
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Aug 2, 2024
Start date
May 1, 2024
Primary completion
Jul 30, 2024
Completion
Jul 30, 2024
Last update
Aug 7, 2024

Study contacts

Ioannis Vouros, DDS, PhD
study chair · Professor of Periodontology

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Aug 2024. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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