ClinicalTrials.gg
Not yet recruitingNCT06491095Updated Dec 2, 2024

Effect of Flax in Yogurt on Blood Cyanide Levels

An interventional study of 0 g Flax and 40 g whole ground flaxseed in Healthy, sponsored by St. Boniface Hospital. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Canada. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-12-02.

Sponsored by St. Boniface Hospital · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

From the registry’s dates

  • Primary completion was expected by Mar 2025, 1 year 7 months ago, but the record still lists the study as not yet recruiting.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
12
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

A randomized, controlled, cross-over post-prandial trial in healthy human volunteers will be conducted at the IH Asper Institute to determine the effect whole ground flaxseed, roasted then ground whole flaxseed, whole intact flaxseed and flaxseed hulls mixed into yogurt on blood cyanide levels.

Read the detailed description

Participants will receive yogurt containing the following flaxseed products in a random order:

  1. 40 g ground flaxseed, untreated;
  2. 40 g ground flaxseed, roasted before grinding;
  3. 40 g intact whole flaxseed;
  4. 28 g flaxseed hulls;
  5. 0 g flaxseed.

Venous blood will be collected at the following time points: 0 (before consumption of test product), 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 150, 180 min.

Urine will be collected prior to consumption of test product and 180 min.

Primary endpoints: 1) Peak blood level of cyanide and incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for cyanide in blood over a 3h postprandial period. Secondary endpoint: 1) cyanogenic glycoside and thiocyanate concentrations in plasma and urine over a 3h postprandial period.

Tertiary endpoints: 1) metabolic profile in plasma and urine over 3 h postprandial period.

02

Conditions studied

  • Healthy

Keywords

  • Flax
  • Blood Cyanide
03

In context

Lead sponsor

St. Boniface Hospital is the lead sponsor of 32 studies on the registry; 7 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  1. Generally healthy adult, 18 years or older;
  2. Willing to provide ;
  3. Willing/able to comply with the requirements of the study.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Pregnant or lactating;
  2. Medical history of disease that is currently under treatment;
  3. Active treatment for any type of cancer within 1 year prior to study start;
  4. Presence of a gastrointestinal disorder, daily use of any stomach acid-lowering medications or laxatives (including fibre supplements) within the past month or antibiotic use within the past 6 weeks;
  5. Plasma concentration of vitamin B12 \< 148 pmol/L;
  6. Complete blood count outside normal range;
  7. Medical history of liver disease or liver dysfunction (defined as plasma or ALT ≥3 times the (ULN));
  8. Fasting blood glucose ≥6.1 mmol/L and/or ≥6.0%;
  9. Fasting plasma total cholesterol >7.8 mmol/L;
  10. Fasting plasma HDL \<0.9 mmol/L;
  11. Fasting plasma LDL >5.0 mmol/L;
  12. Fasting plasma triglycerides >2.3 mmol/L;
  13. Systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg;
  14. Major surgery within the last 3 months;
  15. Smoking, use of tobacco, vape or cannabis (within the last week);
  16. Allergies to flaxseed or yogurt;
  17. Aversion or unwillingness to eat study foods;
  18. Participation in another clinical trial, current or in the past 4 weeks
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(4)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

ALT and AST (liver enzymes)

Two enzymes measured in a routine blood test of the liver. Higher levels can mean the liver is under strain or damaged. SGPT and SGOT are older names for ALT and AST.

Criteria usually give a limit as a multiple of the upper limit of normal (ULN), often higher when cancer has spread to the liver.

ULN (upper limit of normal)

The top of the normal range for a blood test, as set by the laboratory that runs it. Each lab prints its own range next to your result.

“≤ 2.5 × ULN” means the result can be up to two and a half times that top value.

HbA1c

A blood test of average blood sugar over the past two to three months, given as a percentage or in mmol/mol. 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or more is the usual threshold for diabetes, normally confirmed by a second test.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
12 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Other
    No Flax Product

    175 g yogurt containing no flax product

    Dietary Supplement: 0 g Flax

  • Experimental
    40 g whole ground flaxseed

    175 g yogurt with 40 g whole ground flaxseed

    Dietary Supplement: 40 g whole ground flaxseed

  • Experimental
    40 g roasted then ground whole flaxseed

    175 g yogurt with 40 g roasted then ground whole flaxseed

    Dietary Supplement: 40 g roasted then ground whole flaxseed

  • Experimental
    40 g of whole intact flaxseeds

    175 g yogurt with 40 g of whole intact flaxseeds

    Dietary Supplement: 40 g of whole intact flaxseeds

  • Experimental
    28 g flax hulls

    175 g yogurt with 28 g flax hulls

    Dietary Supplement: 28 g flax hulls

Interventions

  • Dietary supplement0 g Flax

    175 g yogurt with no flax product

  • Dietary supplement40 g whole ground flaxseed

    175 g yogurt with 40 g whole ground flaxseed

  • Dietary supplement40 g roasted then ground whole flaxseed

    175 g yogurt with 40 g roasted then ground whole flaxseed

  • Dietary supplement40 g of whole intact flaxseeds

    175 g yogurt with 40 g of whole intact flaxseeds

  • Dietary supplement28 g flax hulls

    175 g yogurt with 28 g flax hulls

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Peak blood level of cyanide

    highest concentration of cyanide during 180 min postprandial period

    Time frame: 180 minutes

  2. iAUC blood cyanide

    incremental area under the curve for cyanide from 0-180 min

    Time frame: 180 min

Secondary outcomes

  1. Cyanogenic glycoside and thiocyanate concentrations in plasma and urine

    Time frame: 180 minutes

Other outcomes

  1. Concentration of metabolites in blood and urine

    Identification and concentration of metabolites in plasma and urine determined by LC-QTOF-MS

    Time frame: 180 minutes

07

Study locations

1 site
  • I. H. Asper Clinical Research Institute
    Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
    • Heather J Blewett, PhD · Contacthblewett@sbrc.ca · 204-237-2954
    • Heather J Blewett, PhD · Contact
    • Véronique J Barthet, PhD · Contact
    • Michel Aliani, PhD · Contact
    • Lovemore Malunga, PhD · Contact
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Abraham K, Buhrke T, Lampen A. Bioavailability of cyanide after consumption of a single meal of foods containing high levels of cyanogenic glycosides: a crossover study in humans. Arch Toxicol. 2016 Mar;90(3):559-74. doi: 10.1007/s00204-015-1479-8. Epub 2015 Feb 24. PubMed 25708890 ↗
  • Agbor-Egbe T, Lape Mbome I. The effects of processing techniques in reducing cyanogen levels during the production of some Cameroonian cassava foods. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2006 Jun;19(4):354-63.
  • Carlsson L, Mlingi N, Juma A, Ronquist G, Rosling H. Metabolic fates in humans of linamarin in cassava flour ingested as stiff porridge. Food Chem Toxicol. 1999 Apr;37(4):307-12. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(99)00015-0. PubMed 10418947 ↗
  • Cressey P, Reeve J. Metabolism of cyanogenic glycosides: A review. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 Mar;125:225-232. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.002. Epub 2019 Jan 4. PubMed 30615957 ↗
  • Cressey P, Saunders D, Aupaau F. Evaluation of food safety risks associated with foods containing cyanogenic glycosides. New Zealand Food Safety Technical Paper No: 2022/29. 2022 Nov.
  • Diaz-Rueda P, Morales de Los Rios L, Romero LC, Garcia I. Old poisons, new signaling molecules: the case of hydrogen cyanide. J Exp Bot. 2023 Oct 13;74(19):6040-6051. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erad317. PubMed 37586035 ↗
  • EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM); Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, Del Mazo J, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Leblanc JC, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Benford D, Brimer L, Mancini FR, Metzler M, Viviani B, Altieri A, Arcella D, Steinkellner H, Schwerdtle T. Evaluation of the health risks related to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides in foods other than raw apricot kernels. EFSA J. 2019 Apr 11;17(4):e05662. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5662. eCollection 2019 Apr. PubMed 32626287 ↗
  • Gleadow RM, Moller BL. Cyanogenic glycosides: synthesis, physiology, and phenotypic plasticity. Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2014;65:155-85. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050213-040027. Epub 2014 Feb 24. PubMed 24579992 ↗
  • Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. WHO food additives series; 65. 2012
  • Mazza G and Oomah BD. Flaxseed, dietary fiber, and cyanogens. In: "Flaxseed in human nutrition", Editors: Cunnane, S.C. and Thompson, L.U., AOCS Press, 1995 56-81.
  • Muir AD, Westcott ND. Quantitation of the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside in baked goods containing flax seed or flax meal. J Agric Food Chem. 2000 Sep;48(9):4048-52. doi: 10.1021/jf990922p. PubMed 10995312 ↗
  • Ngudi DD, Kuo YH, Lambein F. Cassava cyanogens and free amino acids in raw and cooked leaves. Food Chem Toxicol. 2003 Aug;41(8):1193-7. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(03)00111-x. PubMed 12842188 ↗
  • Parikh M, Netticadan T, Pierce GN. Flaxseed: its bioactive components and their cardiovascular benefits. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2018 Feb 1;314(2):H146-H159. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00400.2017. Epub 2017 Nov 3. PubMed 29101172 ↗
  • Yulvianti M, Zidorn C. Chemical Diversity of Plant Cyanogenic Glycosides: An Overview of Reported Natural Products. Molecules. 2021 Jan 30;26(3):719. doi: 10.3390/molecules26030719. PubMed 33573160 ↗
09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Start is estimated for Jan 2025; primary completion for Mar 2025, 2 months later.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jun 5, 2024
First posted
Jul 8, 2024
StartEst.
Jan 16, 2025
Primary completionEst.
Mar 28, 2025
CompletionEst.
Mar 28, 2026
Last update
Dec 2, 2024
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Dec 2, 2024, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06491095
Lead sponsor
St. Boniface Hospital
Collaborators
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Responsible party
Dr. Heather Blewett (Principle Investigator, St. Boniface Hospital) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jul 8, 2024
Start date
Jan 16, 2025 (estimated)
Primary completion
Mar 28, 2025 (estimated)
Completion
Mar 28, 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Dec 2, 2024

Study contacts

Heather Blewett, PhD
Contact
hblewett@sbrc.ca
204-237-2954
Heather Blewett, PhD
principal investigator · Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in Nov 2024. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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