An interventional study of Contemplating in nature in Spiritual Well-being and Healthy, sponsored by University of Twente. Completed at 1 site in Netherlands. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-09-22.
Sponsored by University of Twente · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
The goal of this randomized control trial is to test if contemplating in nature could benefit spiritual well-being in general adults. The main question it aims to answer is:
Does a 2-week contemplative nature intervention improve spiritual well-being?
Participants in the intervention condition will walk for 10 minutes and then choose a nice spot to sit for 10 minutes. During these minutes they will be asked to be silently present and observe trees, plants, flowers, or other aspects of nature and contemplate their connectedness to nature and their own awareness. Then walk back 10 minutes.
University of Twente is the lead sponsor of 16 studies on the registry; 6 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Exclusion Criteria:
- NA.
Participants will spend 30 minutes in nature per day for 10 times over 14 days. Participants will walk for 10 minutes and then choose a nice spot to sit for 10 minutes. During these minutes they will be asked to be silently present and observe trees, plants, flowers, or other aspects of nature and contemplate their connectedness to nature and their own awareness. Then walk back 10 minutes.
Behavioral: Contemplating in nature
Participants will spend 30 minutes in nature per day for 10 times over 14 days. Each time, participants will walk for 10 minutes and then choose a nice spot to sit for 10 minutes. During these minutes they will be asked to be silently present and observe trees, plants, flowers or other aspects of nature and contemplate their connectedness to nature and their own awareness. Then walk back 10 minutes.
Also known as: contemplative nature-based interventions
Spiritual well-being assessed by Spiritual Attitude and Involvement List Short Form (SAIL-SF)
On a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 6 (to a very high degree), respondents rate in how far they think specific statements about spiritual well-being apply to themselves. Higher scores indicate higher scores of spiritual well-being.
Time frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks.
Spiritual well-being assessed by Spiritual Attitude and Involvement List Short Form (SAIL-SF)
On a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 6 (to a very high degree), respondents rate in how far they think specific statements about spiritual well-being apply to themselves. Higher scores indicate higher scores of spiritual well-being.
Time frame: Change from Baseline to Short-term follow-up at 1 month.
Spiritual well-being assessed by Spiritual Attitude and Involvement List Short Form (SAIL-SF)
On a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 6 (to a very high degree), respondents rate in how far they think specific statements about spiritual well-being apply to themselves. Higher scores indicate higher scores of spiritual well-being.
Time frame: Change from baseline to longer-term follow-up at 3 months.
Spiritual well-being assessed by Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES)
The non-theistic items from DSES will be used. Ranging from 1 (multiple times a day) to 6 (never). The item responses were reverse coded prior to analysis so that larger values would reflect a higher level of daily spiritual experiences.
Time frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks.
Spiritual well-being assessed by Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES)
The non-theistic items from DSES will be used. Ranging from 1 (multiple times a day) to 6 (never). The item responses were reverse coded prior to analysis so that larger values would reflect a higher level of daily spiritual experiences.
Time frame: Change from baseline to short-term follow-up at 1 month.
Spiritual well-being assessed by Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES)
The non-theistic items from DSES will be used. Ranging from 1 (multiple times a day) to 6 (never). The item responses were reverse coded prior to analysis so that larger values would reflect a higher level of daily spiritual experiences.
Time frame: Change from baseline to longer-term follow-up at 3 months.
Client satisfaction of intervention condition assessed by Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8)
A Likert scale scored from 1 (low satisfaction) to 4 (high satisfaction). Higher score means higher satisfaction with the intervention.
Time frame: From post-intervention to short-term follow-up at 1 month.
Client satisfaction of active control condition assessed by Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8)
A Likert scale scored from 1 (low satisfaction) to 4 (high satisfaction). Higher score means higher satisfaction with the intervention.
Time frame: From post-intervention to short-term follow-up at 1 month.
Client satisfaction of passive control condition assessed by Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8)
A Likert scale scored from 1 (low satisfaction) to 4 (high satisfaction). Higher score means higher satisfaction with the intervention.
Time frame: From post-intervention to longer term follow-up at 3 months.
Nature connectedness assessed by Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS)
Items are rated on a 5-point scale with endpoints 1 (strongly disagree) and 5 (strongly agree). Higher score means higher sense of oneness with the natural world.
Time frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks.
Nature connectedness assessed by Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS)
Items are rated on a 5-point scale with endpoints 1 (strongly disagree) and 5 (strongly agree). Higher score means higher sense of oneness with the natural world.
Time frame: Change from baseline to short-term follow-up at 1 month.
Nature connectedness assessed by Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS)
Items are rated on a 5-point scale with endpoints 1 (strongly disagree) and 5 (strongly agree). Higher score means higher sense of oneness with the natural world.
Time frame: Change from baseline to longer-term follow-up at 3 months.
Nature connectedness assessed by the single item Inclusion of Nature with Self scale (INS)
Participants were asked to select one of seven different sets of overlapping circles labeled ''self'' and ''nature.'' Scores ranged from 1 (where the circles touched but did not overlap) to 7 (where the two circles entirely overlapped).
Time frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks.
Nature connectedness assessed by the single item Inclusion of Nature with Self scale (INS)
Participants were asked to select one of seven different sets of overlapping circles labeled ''self'' and ''nature.'' Scores ranged from 1 (where the circles touched but did not overlap) to 7 (where the two circles entirely overlapped).
Time frame: Change from baseline to short-term follow-up at 1 month.
Nature connectedness assessed by the single item Inclusion of Nature with Self scale (INS)
Participants were asked to select one of seven different sets of overlapping circles labeled ''self'' and ''nature.'' Scores ranged from 1 (where the circles touched but did not overlap) to 7 (where the two circles entirely overlapped).
Time frame: Change from baseline to longer-term follow-up at 3 months.
Well-being assessed by Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF)
A 6-point Likert scale scored from "never" to "every day". Higher score means higher level of well-being.
Time frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks.
Well-being assessed by Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF)
A 6-point Likert scale scored from "never" to "every day". Higher score means higher level of well-being.
Time frame: Change from baseline to short-term follow-up at 1 month.
Well-being assessed by Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF)
A 6-point Likert scale scored from "never" to "every day". Higher score means higher level of well-being.
Time frame: Change from baseline to longer-term follow-up at 3 months.
Psychological well-being assessed by Brief INSPIRE-O
A 5-point Likert scale scored from 0 (not at all) to 4 (a lot). Higher score means higher psychological well-being.
Time frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks.
Psychological well-being assessed by Brief INSPIRE-O
A 5-point Likert scale scored from 0 (not at all) to 4 (a lot). Higher score means higher psychological well-being.
Time frame: Change from baseline to short-term follow-up at 1 month.
Psychological well-being assessed by Brief INSPIRE-O
A 5-point Likert scale scored from 0 (not at all) to 4 (a lot). Higher score means higher psychological well-being.
Time frame: Change from baseline to longer-term follow-up at 3 months.
Stress assessed by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
A 5-point Likert scale scored from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Higher score means higher level of perceived stress.
Time frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention at 2 weeks.
Stress assessed by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
A 5-point Likert scale scored from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Higher score means higher level of perceived stress.
Time frame: Change from baseline to short-term follow-up at 1 month.
Stress assessed by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
A 5-point Likert scale scored from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Higher score means higher level of perceived stress.
Time frame: Change from baseline to longer-term follow-up at 3 months.
Plan to share: No
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University of Twente