An interventional study of High-intensity intensive training and Taper in Exercise Overtraining and Stressor, Psychological, sponsored by National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University. Recruiting at 1 site in Taiwan. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 50 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-03-06.
Sponsored by National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Screening
Purpose: Investigating the effects of stressors and recovery regulation on the super-compensation effect of high-intensity intensive training (IT) in endurance athletes. Methods: This study will recruit 176 competitively trained endurance adult athletes. Participants will conduct a 7-week 3-stage experiment, including 3 weeks of regular training, 3 weeks of 130% progressive IT, and 1 week of 55% taper. Measurement will include training responses (performance and fatigue symptoms), stressors, recovery regulation, and mood state at baseline, during and after regular training, IT, and taper separately. According to the performance after taper, all participants will category into either the responder or non-responder of well-response to supercompensation effect. Statistic analysis: Independent t-test, Chi-squared test, and binary logistic regression will be used to compare the difference in training responses, stressors, recovery regulation, and mood state characteristics between responder and non-responder groups. P value sets at 0.15 for identifying the potential predictors. Logistic stepwise multiple regression will be used further to determine the significant predictors for the responders of well-response to the super-compensation among endurance athletes. P value sets at 0.05.
Research problems and motivation:
(1) Research problems: Currently, the primary challenge in sports training monitoring resides in the disparity of responses among athletes to identical high-intensity, high-volume training stimuli (e.g., total distance, frequency, intensity, workload) (Aubry et al., 2015; Aubry et al., 2014; Bellinger, 2020; Le Meur et al., 2014; Le Meur et al., 2013). Despite the widespread dissemination of preventative strategies for overtraining syndrome among coaches and athletes in current sports science research, non-functional overreaching and overtraining syndrome continue to exhibit a prevalence of approximately 19% to 30% in recent years.
(2) Research motivation: Recent studies have found that following high-intensity, high-volume training, approximately 45.5% to 100% of individuals are categorized as athletes who fail to recover and show poor responses adequately (Aubry et al., 2015; Aubry et al., 2014; Bellenger, Karavirta, et al., 2016; Bellenger et al., 2017; Bellinger, 2020; Fuller et al., 2017; Le Meur et al., 2013; Woods et al., 2018). This phenomenon may be influenced by factors such as inadequate individual recovery capacity or excessive external stressors. Hence, there is an increased emphasis on understanding individual differences, including stressors and recovery regulatory characteristics. By observing the differences between athletes who successfully improve their performance (responders) and those who do not (non-responders) following high-intensity, high-volume training, it may be possible to enhance the precision of future applications of high-intensity, high-volume training in terms of effectiveness and safety.
Study purpose and hypotheses:
The purpose of this study are two:
The hypotheses of this study:
Study procedure:
Study procedures:
The study will involve a 7-week experimental protocol divided into 3 phases: 3 weeks of regular training, 3 weeks of gradually increasing high-intensity training at 130%, and 1 week of reduced training at 55% (Bellinger, 2020). Athletes will undergo assessments before, during, and after each phase, including regular training, high-intensity training, and reduced training, to evaluate training responses (sports performance and fatigue symptoms), stressors, recovery regulatory characteristics, and emotional state. Based on athletes' sports performance after the reduced training phase, they will be categorized into two groups: those with favorable compensatory training effects (response group) and those without (non-response group). The detailed weekly training volume design is as follows:
Stage One: 3 weeks of maintaining participants' regular training habits.
Stage Two: 3 weeks of high-intensity training (increasing by 10% each week):
Stage Three: 1 week of reduced training (gradually reduced to 55% of participants' regular training volume): Decrease current training volume followed by 20%, 15%, 10%, 10%, 10%, 5%, and 5% each day.
(4) Measurement instruments: This study will utilize questionnaires and maximal exercise testing for measurement.
Data collection:
Measurement of Personal Data and Other Relevant Factors:
Primary Outcome Measures:
Training response:
Symptom Response:
Stress Recovery Regulation:
Statistical analysis
783 studies on the registry are indexed under Stress, Psychological; 128 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 158 is above the median of 85 across 632 interventional studies indexed under Stress, Psychological.
Browse Stress, Psychological studies →National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University is the lead sponsor of 201 studies on the registry; 58 are open to participants now.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Participants maintain their regular training habits for 3 weeks.
Participants increase their regular regular training volume by 10% each week for 3 weeks.
Other: High-intensity intensive training
Participants gradually reduced to 55% of their regular training volume for 1 week.
Other: Taper
Participants will conduct a 3-weeks of 130% progressive high-intensity intensive training (increasing by 10% each week). Week 1: Increase training to 110% of participants' regular training volume. Week 2: Increase training to 120% of participants' regular training volume. Week 3: Increase training to 130% of participants' regular training volume.
Participants will conduct a 1-week taper phase by gradually reducing to 55% of their regular training volume. Day 1: Decrease current training volume by 20%. Day 2: Decrease current training volume by 15%. Day 3: Decrease current training volume by 10%. Day 4: Decrease current training volume by 10%. Day 5: Decrease current training volume by 10%. Day 6: Decrease current training volume by 5%. Day 7: Decrease current training volume by 5%.
Stressor
The stress score of the recovery-stress questionnaire for athletes (RESTQ-sport) questionnaire.
Time frame: Pre-test and the following 7 weeks (follow up once a week)
Recovery regulation
The recovery score of the recovery-stress questionnaire for athletes (RESTQ-sport) questionnaire.
Time frame: Pre-test and the following 7 weeks (follow up once a week)
Mood state
The total score of the Profile of Mood State (POMS) questionnaire.
Time frame: Pre-test and the following 7 weeks (follow up once a week)
Peak power output
The peak power output at the end of an incremental exercise test.
Time frame: Baseline, the 3rd, 4th, 6th and 7th week
Maximal heart rate
The maximal heart rate at the end of an incremental exercise test.
Time frame: Baseline, the 3rd, 4th, 6th and 7th week
Fatigue state
The fatigue score of the Profile of Mood State (POMS) questionnaire.
Time frame: Pre-test and the following 7 weeks (follow up once a week)
Plan to share: No
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