ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT06231147Updated Jun 13, 2024

Effects of Horse Riding Simulator With or Without Visual Feedback on Balance and Postural Control

An interventional study of HORSE RIDING SIMULATOR WITH VISUAL FEEDBACK and HORSE RIDING SIMULATOR WITHOUT VISUAL FEEDBACK in Cerebral Palsy, sponsored by Riphah International University. Completed at 1 site in Pakistan. Open to participants aged 8 Years to 12 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-06-13.

Sponsored by Riphah International University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Diagnostic

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
28
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
8 Years to 12 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Spastic cerebral palsy is a neurological condition that causes muscle spasticity and motor impairments, greatly impacting a child's ability to maintain balance and control their posture. The horse riding simulator (HRS), inspired by hippo therapy, has emerged as a potential therapeutic intervention for enhancing motor function in individuals with cerebral palsy. This study explored the additional effects of mirror visual feedback when used in conjunction with the HRS. Strategically placed mirrors allow participants to observe their own body movements and positions in real-time. The simulator's rhythmic, multidimensional movements deliver sensory input and challenge the motor system, promoting postural adjustments and improved balance. Furthermore, the integration of mirror visual feedback appears to enhance the therapeutic benefits. Real-time visual information enables children to actively observe and correct their body positioning, leading to improved body awareness and more efficient motor responses.

Read the detailed description

Cerebral palsy (CP), one of the most common physical disabilities in childhood, is a disorder of movement and posture caused by non-progressive lesions in the developing brain. Children with CP, to varying degrees, have muscle weakness, tone abnormality, and motor-control impairment, causing abnormal posture and poor balance control.In high-income countries, the current birth prevalence of cerebral palsy has decreased to 1.6 per 1000 live births. However, in low- and middle-income countries, the birth prevalence is significantly higher. Children diagnosed with CP exhibit a range of muscle weakness, tone abnormalities, and impaired motor control. These factors contribute to abnormal posture and compromised control over balance

02

Conditions studied

  • Cerebral Palsy

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Keywords

  • Balance
  • Cerebral Palsy
  • Horse Riding Simulator (HRS)
  • Posture Control
03

In context

Cerebral Palsy

1,894 studies on the registry are indexed under Cerebral Palsy; 439 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 28 is below the median of 34 across 1,396 interventional studies indexed under Cerebral Palsy.

Browse Cerebral Palsy studies →

Lead sponsor

Riphah International University is the lead sponsor of 2,176 studies on the registry; 637 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
8 Years to 12 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Spastic cerebral palsy with level I and II according to Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS)
  • Age between 8 and 12 years
  • Ability to sit and stand independently
  • Both genders are included (female and male)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having received an injection of botulinum toxin within 3 months
  • Having undergone orthopedic surgery or selective dorsal rhizotomy in the previous 1 year
  • Having undergone HRS training within 6 months;
  • Having severe pain, joint dislocation, contracture, or spinal deformity
  • Having experienced uncontrolled epileptic seizure
  • Having poor visual or hearing acuity.
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Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Diagnostic
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
28 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Group A

    horse riding simulator sessions with mirror visual feedback

    Other: HORSE RIDING SIMULATOR WITH VISUAL FEEDBACK

  • Other
    Group B

    horse riding simulator sessions without mirror visual feedback

    Other: HORSE RIDING SIMULATOR WITHOUT VISUAL FEEDBACK

Interventions

  • OtherHORSE RIDING SIMULATOR WITH VISUAL FEEDBACK

    horse riding simulator session with mirror visual feedback. The participants will be instructed that how to perform exercises by using the horse riding simulator (HRS) system in front of mirror

  • OtherHORSE RIDING SIMULATOR WITHOUT VISUAL FEEDBACK

    horse riding simulator session without visual feedback. The participants will be instructed that how to perform exercises by using the horse riding simulator (HRS) system.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Pediatric balance scale

    The Pediatric Balance Scale is assessment tool specifically designed to evaluate balance in children. It has been extensively used in clinical and research settings to assess balance impairments and monitor progress over time.

    Time frame: 8 weeks

  2. Posture and postural ability scale

    Posture and Postural Ability Scale is an assessment tool that allows for posture and postural ability to be assessed independently

    Time frame: 8 weeks

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Riphah International University
    Lahore, Punjab Province 54000, Pakistan
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Jung YG, Chang HJ, Jo ES, Kim DH. The Effect of a Horse-Riding Simulator with Virtual Reality on Gross Motor Function and Body Composition of Children with Cerebral Palsy: Preliminary Study. Sensors (Basel). 2022 Apr 10;22(8):2903. doi: 10.3390/s22082903. PubMed 35458888 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Dec 2023 to primary completion in Feb 2024, 2 months.

Of 882 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Cerebral Palsy, half reached primary completion within 12 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 31. This study's 2 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 900 studies reached it within 12 months; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 31.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Dec 26, 2023
First posted
Jan 30, 2024
StartActual
Dec 1, 2023
Primary completionActual
Feb 5, 2024
CompletionActual
Feb 5, 2024
Last update
Jun 13, 2024
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 13, 2024, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06231147
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jan 30, 2024
Start date
Dec 1, 2023
Primary completion
Feb 5, 2024
Completion
Feb 5, 2024
Last update
Jun 13, 2024

Study contacts

Shehar Bano, MS*
principal investigator · Riphah International University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jun 2024. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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