An interventional study of Lingual nerve function assessed after removal of mandibular third molar with lingual split technique in Lingual Nerve Injuries, sponsored by Tishreen University. Completed at 1 site in Syrian Arab Republic. Open to participants aged 19 Years to 24 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-07-18.
Sponsored by Tishreen University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
This research assesses removal of mandibular third molars by the lingual split technique with using Walter's lingual retractor for retracting lingual flap, and evaluates the lingual nerve injury that may result after applying this technique. The research sample included 20 patients and their age under 25 years where the grain is clear. The lingual nerve is assessed by sensory neurological tests on a graphic map that divides the tongue into sextants.
Although the scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery has expanded in many directions recently, the common or recurrent practice remains dentoalveolar surgery including impaction surgery. The main indication to extract is whether the third molar has involved in a disease process.
Permanent injury of lingual and chorda tympani nerve (influenced by taste sensations) following removal mandibular third molar remains a clinical problem in oral and maxillofacial surgery. To reduce the risk of lingual nerve injury, the current protocols in North America accentuate raising a buccal flap and following a buccal approach during removal impacted mandibular third molar. However, there was no uniform success as a clinical reality showed. Many patients are still being referred to specialist centers for the management of lingual nerve injury. In most cases, the surgeon was not discerned of any incident that could cause the neurological injury. The alternative technique is Lingual split technique.
Lingual split technique for removal impacted mandibular third molars introduced by Kelsey Fry and described by Ward in 1956 by removing a thin piece of disto-lingual bone and removing the tooth lingually. This technique is initially designed to remove distal and lingually inclined impacted mandibular third molar. This technique has not received much appreciation because of potential associated morbidity. Complications with this technique are potential damage to the lingual nerve, increasing hemorrhage from the lingual cohesive soft tissue, infection expansion to the sublingual or sublingual spaces and edema close to the airway. Several modifications have been made on the lingual split technique which they have reduced trauma and prevent complications. The advantages of this technique are easy, safety, less time-consuming and minimal tissue trauma and complications with good outcomes. Also, it allows obtaining the impacted third molar in one piece, and may be used as a donor tooth for non-restorable molar replacement. It has the advantage of reducing the volume of residual thrombosis when using sauzerization means. Few studies look specifically at the lingual split technique, which has been criticized for causing a high rate of lingual nerve injury and excluded for centuries.
The independent basis in lingual spilt technique is that the lingual plate is much thinner than the buccal, especially in cases where the tooth is fully bone impacting. It is suitable for use in young patients only with a flexible bone where the grain is clear.6 The direction of the grain and the presence of the lingual prominence of the alveolar process allow the desired part of the bone plate to easily detach by chiseling and this makes the technique more rapid.
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Exclusion Criteria:
20 patients who had have an impacted mandibular third molar indicated for extraction by lingual split technique with using Walter's lingual retractor for retracting lingual flap. The neurological function of the lingual nerve was assessed after the demise of local anesthesia, then the location of the disorder and taste function and healing time are determined by sensory neurological tests on a graphic map that divides the tongue into sextants.
Procedure: Lingual nerve function assessed after removal of mandibular third molar with lingual split technique
The lingual split technique is based on using chisel and hammer in bone removing. After the buccal and lingual flaps are raised and retracted. Two buccal bone cutting with horizontal cutting up between them are performed, The disto-lingual bone fragment is fractured inward by placing the cutting edge of the chisel at 45 degrees with the surface of the bone and directed towards the lower second premolar of the opposite side. By maintaining the cutting edge of the chisel parallel to the external oblique ridge, a few light taps with the mallet will separate the lingual plate from the rest of the alveolar bone. And it released from soft tissues, buccally force is applied to roll the whole tooth lingually. The neurological function of the lingual nerve was assessed after the demise of local anesthesia, then the location of the disorder and taste function and healing time are determined by sensory neurological tests on a graphic map that divides the tongue into sextants.
Lingual nerve injury location
The location of the disorder on the tongue is determined on a graphic map that divides the tongue into six sextants in each side: middle apical, lateral apical, middle, lateral, middle posterior and lateral posterior.
Time frame: 6 hours after the surgical procedure of removal of impacted mandibular third molar.
Nerve discrepancy
0 : No sensational impairment 1. : Mild loss of sensation 2. : Moderate loss of sensation 3. : Severe loss of sensation
Time frame: 6 hours after the surgical procedure of removal of impacted mandibular third molar.
Taste function
Taste function is assessed by Taste sensation tests of sweetness, saltiness, acidity and bitterness.
Time frame: 6 hours after the surgical procedure of removal of impacted mandibular third molar.
Healing time
The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), it is a useful tool for monitoring progression of neurosensory recovery. This is a 10 cm five-degree scale, with a degree marked every 2.5 cm. 1. : complete absence of sensation. 2. : Almost no sensation. 3. : Reduced sensation. 4. : Almost normal sensation. 5. : Fully normal sensation.
Time frame: Two weeks after the surgical procedure.
Healing time
The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), it is a useful tool for monitoring progression of neurosensory recovery. This is a 10 cm five-degree scale, with a degree marked every 2.5 cm. 1. : complete absence of sensation. 2. : Almost no sensation. 3. : Reduced sensation. 4. : Almost normal sensation. 5. : Fully normal sensation.
Time frame: Four weeks after the surgical procedure.
Healing time
The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), it is a useful tool for monitoring progression of neurosensory recovery. This is a 10 cm five-degree scale, with a degree marked every 2.5 cm. 1. : complete absence of sensation. 2. : Almost no sensation. 3. : Reduced sensation. 4. : Almost normal sensation. 5. : Fully normal sensation.
Time frame: Six weeks after the surgical procedure.
Healing time
The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), it is a useful tool for monitoring progression of neurosensory recovery. This is a 10 cm five-degree scale, with a degree marked every 2.5 cm. 1. : complete absence of sensation. 2. : Almost no sensation. 3. : Reduced sensation. 4. : Almost normal sensation. 5. : Fully normal sensation.
Time frame: Two months after the surgical procedure.
Healing time
The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), it is a useful tool for monitoring progression of neurosensory recovery. This is a 10 cm five-degree scale, with a degree marked every 2.5 cm. 1. : complete absence of sensation. 2. : Almost no sensation. 3. : Reduced sensation. 4. : Almost normal sensation. 5. : Fully normal sensation.
Time frame: Four months after the surgical procedure.
Healing time
The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), it is a useful tool for monitoring progression of neurosensory recovery. This is a 10 cm five-degree scale, with a degree marked every 2.5 cm. 1. : complete absence of sensation. 2. : Almost no sensation. 3. : Reduced sensation. 4. : Almost normal sensation. 5. : Fully normal sensation.
Time frame: Six months after the surgical procedure.
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Lingual Nerve Injuries
Tishreen University