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CompletedNCT05734209Updated Feb 17, 2023

How Does Eating Behavior and Hunger in Virtual Reality Meals Compare to Real Meals?

An interventional study of Virtual food and Real food in Hunger, sponsored by Karolinska Institutet. Completed at 1 site in Sweden. Open to female participants aged 18 Years to 28 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-02-17.

Sponsored by Karolinska Institutet · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 2 years 2 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Oct 2020, registered Dec 2022).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
24
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 28 Years
Sex
Female
01

Study summary

Objective: To investigate the differences between eating virtual and real-life meals and test the hypothesis that eating a virtual meal can reduce hunger among healthy women.

Methods: Twenty healthy women will be recruited and partake in a randomized crossover study. The subjects will be asked to eat one introduction meal, two real meals, and two virtual meals, all containing real or virtual meatballs and potatoes. The real meals will be eaten on a plate placed on a scale which communicates with analytical software on a computer. The virtual meals will be eaten in a room, where participants are seated on a real chair in front of a real table, and fitted with the virtual-reality equipment. The eating behavior for both the real and virtual meals will be filmed. Hunger will be measured before and after the meals using questionnaires.

02

Conditions studied

  • Hunger
03

In context

Lead sponsor

Karolinska Institutet is the lead sponsor of 1,113 studies on the registry; 267 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 28 Years
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • BMI between 18.5 kg/m2 to 29 kg/m2
  • "normal" physical activity (measured using the short version of the international physical activity questionnaire, IPAQ)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • pregnant or breastfeeding
  • smoker
  • temporomandibular disorder
  • recent serious dental surgery (last 6 months)
  • undergoing treatments known to affect appetite (e.g., use of some psychotropic drugs)
  • previous history of eating disorders
  • vegetarian
  • aversion to the food served
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
24 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Virtual, then real meal

    Participant first had two lunch sessions eating virtual food (meal), with a wash-out period of three days. Participants then had two lunch sessions eating real food (meal), with a wash-out period of three days.

    Behavioral: Virtual food · Behavioral: Real food

  • Experimental
    Real, then virtual meal

    Participant first had two lunch sessions eating real food (meal), with a wash-out period of three days. Participants then had two lunch sessions eating virtual food (meal), with a wash-out period of three days.

    Behavioral: Virtual food · Behavioral: Real food

Interventions

  • BehavioralVirtual food

    Virtual food eaten using immersive virtual reality equipment

  • BehavioralReal food

    Real food eaten using regular utensils

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Difference in hunger before to after meal

    Rated on visual analogue scale (range 0 - 100)

    Time frame: Before to after meal (on average around 10 minutes)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Food intake

    Grams of food ingested

    Time frame: During meal (around 10 minutes)

  2. Meal duration

    Minute duration of the meal

    Time frame: During meal (around 10 minutes)

  3. Forkfuls

    Number of times participant took food from the plate

    Time frame: During meal (around 10 minutes)

  4. Additions

    Number of times the participant added food to the plate

    Time frame: During meal (around 10 minutes)

  5. Chews

    Number of times the participant chewed the food

    Time frame: During meal (around 10 minutes)

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Karolinska Institutet
    Stockholm, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
08

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Feb 17, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05734209
Lead sponsor
Karolinska Institutet
Responsible party
Billy Langlet (Principal Investigator, Karolinska Institutet) — Principal investigator
First posted
Feb 17, 2023
Start date
Oct 3, 2020
Primary completion
Jun 9, 2022
Completion
Jun 9, 2022
Last update
Feb 17, 2023

Study contacts

Billy S Langlet, PhD
principal investigator · Karolinska Institutet

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Feb 2023. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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