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CompletedNCT05530733Updated Oct 16, 2024

Clinical Effects of Pacifier Use in Preterm During Orogastric Tube Feeding: Randomized Controlled Trial

An interventional study of Pacifier and Breast milk in Premature, Pacifiers and Tube Feeding, sponsored by Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 29 Weeks to 34 Weeks. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-10-16.

Sponsored by Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
90
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
29 Weeks to 34 Weeks
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of the study was to assess how preterm babies' vital signs, feeding time, and gastric residual volume were affected by using a pacifier only or a pacifier with breast milk during orogastric tube feeding.

02

Conditions studied

  • Premature
  • Pacifiers
  • Tube Feeding
  • Neonatal Nursing

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03

In context

Premature Birth

2,615 studies on the registry are indexed under Premature Birth; 507 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 90 is close to the median of 84 across 1,722 interventional studies indexed under Premature Birth.

Browse Premature Birth studies →

Lead sponsor

Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University is the lead sponsor of 99 studies on the registry; 8 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
29 Weeks to 34 Weeks
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Feeding with the orogastric tube
  • Breastmilk along with formula (babies who receive more than 50% of their total feed in 24 hours from formula)
  • Gestation week between 29+0 weeks and 34+0 weeks
  • Weight of 1000 g or more

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Receiving mechanical ventilator support
  • Development of sepsis
  • Presence of neurological disease
  • Presence of chromosomal or congenital anomalies
  • Presence of intraventricular bleeding
  • Unstable physiological parameters
  • No breast milk
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Supportive care
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
90 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Other
    Pacifier only

    Participants in the pacifier-only group will get a pacifier five minutes prior to tube feeding. During feedings, a pacifier will be employed. Five minutes following the end of tube feeding, the pacifier application will be discontinued. The vital signs will be monitored prior to, during, and following feeding. Two hours after the feeding has finished, the volume of gastric residue will be controlled.

    Procedure: Pacifier

  • Other
    Pacifier with breast milk

    Five minutes prior to tube feeding, participants in the pacifier with breast milk group will get their own breast milk dripping pacifier. During feedings, a pacifier will be employed. Five minutes following the end of tube feeding, the pacifier application will be discontinued. The vital signs will be monitored prior to, during, and following feeding. Two hours after the feeding has finished, the amount of gastric residue will be controlled.

    Procedure: Pacifier · Procedure: Breast milk

  • No intervention
    standard care (no pacifier)

    The premature babies in the standard care (no pacifier) will get standard care while being fed through an orogastric tube. The vital signs will be monitored prior to, during, and following feeding. Two hours after the feeding has finished, the amount of gastric residue will be controlled.

Interventions

  • ProcedurePacifier

    Pacifiers produced for premature babies will be used in the study. Pacifiers will be made of silicone material suitable for premature baby health and will not contain any harmful substances. A separate pacifier will be used for each baby, and pacifiers will be sterilized before use.

  • ProcedureBreast milk

    For babies assigned to the pacifier with breast milk group, their own breast milk will be applied by dripping 1 ml into the pacifier.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Heart rate change

    Heart rate will be measured 5 minutes before tube feeding, during tube feeding and 5 minutes after the end of tube feeding.

    Time frame: 5 minutes before tube feeding, during tube feeding and 5 minutes after tube feeding

  2. Respiratory rate change

    Respiratory rate will be measured 5 minutes before tube feeding, during tube feeding and 5 minutes after the end of tube feeding.

    Time frame: 5 minutes before tube feeding, during tube feeding and 5 minutes after tube feeding

  3. Saturation level change

    Saturation level will be measured 5 minutes before tube feeding, during tube feeding and 5 minutes after the end of tube feeding.

    Time frame: 5 minutes before tube feeding, during tube feeding and 5 minutes after tube feeding

  4. Feeding duration

    Each baby's tube feeding duration will be measured.

    Time frame: measured with a stopwatch for 7 months.

  5. Gastric residual volume

    Gastric residue will be measured 2 hours after the end of infant feeding.

    Time frame: Gastric residue will be measured 2 hours after the end of infant feeding.

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Yeliz Taşdelen
    Zonguldak, Kozlu, Turkey (Türkiye)
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Topan A, Kurtuncu M, Ekmen S, Tasdelen Y, Yigit D, Ilgaz K. Pacifier use in preterm infants during orogastric tube feeding: a randomized trial. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2026 Jul 10;72(5):e20252089. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.20252089. eCollection 2026. PubMed 42454843 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Jun 2022 to primary completion in Feb 2024, 20 months.

Of 753 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Premature Birth, half reached primary completion within 24 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 12 and three quarters within 47. This study's 20 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 775 studies reached it within 24 months; a quarter within 12 and three quarters within 47.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Aug 29, 2022
First posted
Sep 7, 2022
StartActual
Jun 1, 2022
Primary completionActual
Feb 1, 2024
CompletionActual
Feb 15, 2024
Last update
Oct 16, 2024
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Oct 16, 2024, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05530733
Lead sponsor
Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University
Responsible party
Yeliz Taşdelen (Principal investigator, Nurse, Research assistant, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Sep 7, 2022
Start date
Jun 1, 2022
Primary completion
Feb 1, 2024
Completion
Feb 15, 2024
Last update
Oct 16, 2024

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Mar 2024. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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