A Phase 2/3 interventional study of Atezolizumab and Biospecimen Collection in Advanced Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma, Metastatic Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Recurrent Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma, sponsored by National Cancer Institute (NCI). Recruiting at 263 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-07.
Sponsored by National Cancer Institute (NCI) · Phase 2/3, Interventional, and Treatment
This phase II/III trial compares the effect of immunotherapy with atezolizumab in combination with standard chemotherapy with a platinum drug (cisplatin or carboplatin) and etoposide versus standard therapy alone for the treatment of poorly differentiated extrapulmonary (originated outside the lung) neuroendocrine cancer that may have spread from where it first started to nearby tissue, lymph nodes, or distant parts of the body (advanced) or that has spread from where it first started (primary site) to other places in the body (metastatic). The other aim of this trial is to compare using atezolizumab just at the beginning of treatment versus continuing it beyond the initial treatment. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as atezolizumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Cisplatin and carboplatin are in a class of medications known as platinum-containing compounds that work by killing, stopping or slowing the growth of cancer cells. Etoposide is in a class of medications known as podophyllotoxin derivatives. It blocks a certain enzyme needed for cell division and DNA repair, and it may kill cancer cells. Giving atezolizumab in combination with a platinum drug (cisplatin or carboplatin) and etoposide may work better in treating patients with poorly differentiated extrapulmonary neuroendocrine cancer compared to standard therapy with a platinum drug (cisplatin or carboplatin) and etoposide alone.
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
I. Compare the combination of induction platinum/etoposide and atezolizumab followed by maintenance atezolizumab (Arm 1) versus induction platinum/etoposide alone (Arm 3).
II. Compare the combination of induction platinum/etoposide and atezolizumab followed by observation (Arm 2) versus induction platinum/etoposide alone (Arm 3).
III. Compare the combination of induction platinum/etoposide and atezolizumab followed by maintenance atezolizumab (Arm 1) versus the combination of induction platinum/etoposide and atezolizumab followed by observation (Arm 2).
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To compare overall survival (OS), measured from start of observation/maintenance, across arms.
II. To compare progression free survival (PFS) (measured from randomization and measured from start of observation/maintenance) across arms.
III. To compare objective response rate (ORR = confirmed and unconfirmed partial response [PR] + confirmed and unconfirmed complete response [CR]) across arms among patients with measurable disease at randomization.
IV. To compare clinical benefit rate (CBR = confirmed and unconfirmed PR + confirmed and unconfirmed CR + stable disease [SD]) across arms among patients with measurable disease at randomization.
V. To compare duration of response (DOR) across arms. VI. To evaluate the safety and tolerability of each arm.
ADDITIONAL OBJECTIVE:
I. To bank tumor and blood samples for future biomarker correlative studies.
OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 3 arms.
ARM I: During induction phase, patients receive atezolizumab intravenously (IV) over 30-60 minutes on day 1 of each cycle, carboplatin IV over 30 minutes or cisplatin IV over 60 minutes on day 1 of each cycle, and etoposide IV on days 1-3 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. During maintenance phase, patients receive atezolizumab IV over 30-60 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 17 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
ARM II (CLOSED TO ACCRUAL 7/9/26): During induction phase, patients receive atezolizumab IV over 30-60 minutes on day 1 of each cycle, carboplatin IV over 30 minutes or cisplatin IV over 60 minutes on day 1 of each cycle, and etoposide IV on days 1-3 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients then undergo observation for 1 year.
ARM III: During induction phase, patients receive carboplatin IV over 30 minutes or cisplatin IV over 60 minutes on day 1 of each cycle and etoposide IV on days 1-3 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients then undergo observation for 1 year.
Patients in all arms also undergo computed tomography (CT) scan and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) throughout the trial and blood sample collection on study.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for 5 years.
National Cancer Institute (NCI) is the lead sponsor of 3,506 studies on the registry; 334 are open to participants now.
Of its 402 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 365 (91%) have results posted.
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Inclusion Criteria:
Participants must have brain MRI (or CT head with contrast if there is contraindication to MRI brain) if clinically indicated within 28 days prior to registration. Note: Brain imaging is not required in participants without known and/or clinical concern for brain metastases. Participants with asymptomatic central nervous system (CNS) metastases are eligible if one or more of the following apply:
Participants who have received treatment for brain metastases must have:
Participants with treatment-naive brain lesions must have:
Participants must not have active or history of autoimmune disease or immune deficiency, including, but not limited to myasthenia gravis, myositis, autoimmune hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, Wegener granulomatosis, Sjogren syndrome, Guillain-Barre syndrome, or multiple sclerosis with the following exceptions:
Patients with eczema, psoriasis, lichen simplex chronicus, or vitiligo with dermatologic manifestations only (e.g., patients with psoriatic arthritis are excluded) are eligible for the study provided all of following conditions are met:
During induction phase, patients receive atezolizumab IV over 30-60 minutes on day 1 of each cycle, carboplatin IV over 30 minutes or cisplatin IV over 60 minutes on day 1 of each cycle, and etoposide IV on days 1-3 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. During maintenance phase, patients receive atezolizumab IV over 30-60 minutes on day 1 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 17 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients also undergo CT scan and/or MRI throughout the trial and blood sample collection on study.
Biological: Atezolizumab · Procedure: Biospecimen Collection · Drug: Carboplatin · Drug: Cisplatin · Procedure: Computed Tomography · Drug: Etoposide · Procedure: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
During induction phase, patients receive atezolizumab IV over 30-60 minutes on day 1 of each cycle, carboplatin IV over 30 minutes or cisplatin IV over 60 minutes on day 1 of each cycle, and etoposide IV on days 1-3 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients then undergo observation for 1 year. Patients also undergo CT scan and/or MRI throughout the trial and blood sample collection on study. (CLOSED TO ACCRUAL 7/9/26)
Biological: Atezolizumab · Procedure: Biospecimen Collection · Drug: Carboplatin · Drug: Cisplatin · Procedure: Computed Tomography · Drug: Etoposide · Procedure: Magnetic Resonance Imaging · Other: Patient Observation
During induction phase, patients receive carboplatin IV over 30 minutes or cisplatin IV over 60 minutes on day 1 of each cycle and etoposide IV on days 1-3 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients then undergo observation for 1 year. Patients also undergo CT scan and/or MRI throughout the trial and blood sample collection on study.
Procedure: Biospecimen Collection · Drug: Carboplatin · Drug: Cisplatin · Procedure: Computed Tomography · Drug: Etoposide · Procedure: Magnetic Resonance Imaging · Other: Patient Observation
Given IV
Also known as: MPDL 3280A, MPDL 328OA, MPDL-3280A, MPDL3280A, MPDL328OA, RG 7446, RG-7446, RG7446, RO 5541267, RO-5541267, RO5541267, Tecentriq
Undergo blood sample collection
Also known as: Biological Sample Collection, Biospecimen Collected, Sample Collection, Specimen Collection
Given IV
Also known as: Blastocarb, Carboplat, Carboplatin Hexal, Carboplatino, Carboplatinum, Carbosin, Carbosol, Carbotec, CBDCA, Displata, Ercar, JM-8, JM8, Nealorin, Novoplatinum, Paraplatin, Paraplatin AQ, Paraplatine, Platinwas, Ribocarbo
Given IV
Also known as: Abiplatin, Blastolem, Briplatin, CDDP, Cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum, Cis-diamminedichloridoplatinum, Cis-diamminedichloro Platinum (II), Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, Cis-dichloroammine Platinum (II), Cis-platinous Diamine Dichloride, Cis-platinum, Cis-platinum II, Cis-platinum II Diamine Dichloride, Cismaplat, Cisplatina, Cisplatinum, Cisplatyl, Citoplatino, Citosin, Cysplatyna, DDP, Lederplatin, Metaplatin, Neoplatin, Peyrone's Chloride, Peyrone's Salt, Placis, Plastistil, Platamine, Platiblastin, Platiblastin-S, Platinex, Platinol, Platinol- AQ, Platinol-AQ, Platinol-AQ VHA Plus, Platinoxan, Platinum, Platinum Diamminodichloride, Platiran, Platistin, Platosin
Undergo CT scan
Also known as: CAT, CAT Scan, Computed Axial Tomography, Computerized Axial Tomography, Computerized axial tomography (procedure), Computerized Tomography, Computerized Tomography (CT) scan, CT, CT Scan, Diagnostic CAT Scan, Diagnostic CAT Scan Service Type, tomography
Given IV
Also known as: Demethyl Epipodophyllotoxin Ethylidine Glucoside, EPEG, Lastet, Toposar, Vepesid, VP 16, VP 16-213, VP 16213, VP-16, VP-16-213, VP-16213, VP16, VP16213
Undergo MRI
Also known as: Magnetic Resonance, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Magnetic resonance imaging (procedure), Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan, Medical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance / Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, MR, MR Imaging, MRI, MRI Scan, MRIs, NMR Imaging, NMRI, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging, sMRI, Structural MRI
Undergo observation
Also known as: Active Surveillance, deferred therapy, expectant management, Observation, Watchful Waiting
Overall survival
Log-rank tests stratified by the randomization stratification factors will be used for null hypothesis (efficacy) tests. Cox regression models stratified by the randomization stratification factors will be used for alternative hypothesis (futility) tests.
Time frame: From date of registration or from date of start of observation/maintenance therapy to date of death due to any cause, assessed up to 5 years
Progression-free survival
Will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log-rank tests.
Time frame: From date of registration or start of observation/maintenance therapy to date of first documentation of progression or symptomatic deterioration, or death due to any cause, assessed up to 5 years
Duration of response
Will be estimated non-parametrically using cumulative incidence curves.
Time frame: Time from date of initial response to date of progression or death, assessed up to 5 years
Objective response rate (confirmed complete response [CR] or partial response [PR])
Will be tabulated and compared between arms using Fisher's exact test.
Time frame: Up to 5 years from study enrollment
Clinical benefit rate (confirmed CR or PR of any amount of time or stable disease for 6 months or longer)
Will be tabulated and compared between arms using Fisher's exact test.
Time frame: Up to 5 years from study enrollment
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Plan to share: Yes — NCI is committed to sharing data in accordance with NIH policy. For more details on how clinical trial data is shared, access the link to the NIH data sharing policy page.
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