CClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT04960813Updated Apr 30, 2025Results posted

Kidpower Camp - Structured Games or Playgroup

An interventional study of Structured games and Playgroup in Anxiety Disorders, sponsored by Columbia University. Completed at 4 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 48 Months to 71 Months. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-04-30.

Sponsored by Columbia University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
158
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
48 Months to 71 Months
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Clinically significant anxiety affects 20% of preschoolers and can become chronic, leading to depression, substance abuse, school-drop out and even suicide. To reduce anxiety and prevent its sequelae, clinically affected children must be effectively treated early. Available interventions for clinically anxious preschoolers are effective for some, but not all children, with as many as 50% of 4-7 year olds continuing to meet criteria for an anxiety disorder after treatment.

This trial aims to help learn how Camp Kidpower, trainings using either structured games or a playgroup, may lower anxiety in preschool age children. Playing these games and learning that kids can do it, can teach kids how to keep going when they are feeling anxious. To find out if Kidpower works by helping kids stay in charge of their behaviors and emotions, the study will look at parts of the brain as well as behaviors related to effortful control and fear, before and after training.

The study hypothesizes that Kidpower will produce greater increases in Error-related negativity (ERN), Interchannel Phase Synchrony (ICPS) and effortful control (EC) behaviors than in the Playgroup control.

02

Conditions studied

  • Anxiety Disorders

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Keywords

  • Effortful Control
  • Preschool
  • Error-related negativity
03

In context

Anxiety Disorders

4,868 studies on the registry are indexed under Anxiety Disorders; 1,390 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 158 is above the median of 80 across 4,174 interventional studies indexed under Anxiety Disorders.

Browse Anxiety Disorders studies →

Lead sponsor

Columbia University is the lead sponsor of 1,103 studies on the registry; 193 are open to participants now.

Of its 172 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 142 (83%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
48 Months to 71 Months
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  1. Children between ages 4 -5.99 years at time of consent
  2. Children that have a primary clinical diagnosis of separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder
  3. Written informed consent by a parent/legal guardian and verbal assent from participant
  4. Fluent in English

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. History of head injury
  2. History of serious medical or neurological illness
  3. History of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
  4. History of major depressive disorder (MDD)
  5. Current psychotherapy or behavioral interventions
  6. History of Neurodevelopmental delay, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or intellectual disability
  7. Currently taking medications that affect central nervous system functioning
  8. Primary clinical diagnosis is selective mutism or specific phobia
  9. Recent history of physically aggressive behaviors that have caused harm to other children
  10. Sibling of a child who has participated or is currently participating in this protocol
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
158 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Kidpower - Structured Games

    Structured Games Camp.

    Behavioral: Structured games

  • Active comparator
    Kidpower - Playgroup

    Playgroup camp

    Behavioral: Playgroup

Interventions

  • BehavioralStructured games

    Camp Kidpower - Structured Games is an interactive, child-friendly "camp" and is comprised of short, game-like exercises taught by "camp counselors" to groups of approximately 4-6 children. In total, 15 different exercises will be taught. Children will attend 5 three-hour playgroup sessions over a 4-week period (twice the first week, and then only once per week for the subsequent 3-week period) to match the Playgroup intervention. Parents will be asked to attend an approximately one-hour group meeting, during which information is presented regarding child anxiety, effortful control and the rationale for this treatment. Parents are asked to continue to utilize the intervention at home every day if possible with the child and will receive texts or emails to track the games that are played at home.

  • BehavioralPlaygroup

    Camp Kidpower - Playgroup includes structured play activities. This will include art activities, dramatic play props, and a "story time". Children will attend 5 three-hour playgroup sessions over a 4-week period (twice the first week, and then only once per week for the subsequent 3-week period) to match the Kidpower intervention. During the first week parents will attend an approximately one-hour group meeting, during which information is presented regarding the positive benefits of child-led play and "special time" with caregivers. Parents well be asked to complete homework with their children during the week between sessions, and are shown how to track time spent in this activity. Parents will receive a daily text (or email) to to measure frequency of homework practice between sessions.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Error Related Negativity (ERN)

    The error-related negativity is a neurophysiological signal, measured via electroencephalogram (EEG), considered to reflect a dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) response to errors. For this study the ERN will be measured at electrode site FCz as the downward (negative voltage) deflection of the EEG signal that occurs 50-100 msec after error commission on the Zoo Task. Scores are measured continuously (no established minimum or maximum) . Higher scores reflect greater neural capacity for effortful control.

    Time frame: Pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment assessments (approximately 4-6 weeks)

  2. Change in National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Effortful Control (EC) Composite Scale

    The NIH Toolbox EC Composite Scale will be comprised of children's standardized scores reflecting accuracy and reaction time on two computerized tasks: the Flanker inhibitory control and attention task and the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) test of set-shifting function. An NIH Toolbox EC Composite score will be based on factor loadings for each task derived from a factor analysis of scores across both Toolbox tasks. Scores are measured continuously (no established minimum or maximum) . Higher scores reflect greater behavioral capacity for effortful control.

    Time frame: Pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment assessments (approximately 4-6 weeks)

  3. Change in Clinical Global Impressions -Severity and Improvement Scales

    The Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) is an observer rated scale used to assess anxiety severity (CGI-S) and pre- to post-treatment improvement in anxiety (CGI-I). Ratings for both use a 7-point scale, from 1 "normal" to 7 "among the most severely ill" for CGI-S and 1 ("very much improved") to 7 ("very much worse") for CGI-I.

    Time frame: Pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment assessments (approximately 4-6 weeks)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule - Parent Version (ADIS-P)

    ADIS-P is a semi-structured clinical interview administered to parents about their child to assess Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) diagnoses where anxiety is a component. Severity of symptoms is rated by interviewers on a scale from none (=0) to very severe (=8), with clinician severity rating (CSR) ≥ 4 indicating presence of diagnosis. Changes in CSR of the primary (i.e., most severe at baseline) anxiety diagnosis from pre to post intervention will be assessed.

    Time frame: Pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment assessments (approximately 4-6 weeks)

  2. Change in Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale (Spence PAS)

    The Spence PAS is a validated instrument for the measurement of parent report of anxiety symptoms in young children. Spence PAS scores will provide a continuous rating of anxiety symptoms from 0 to 112; high scores reflect greater anxiety.

    Time frame: Pre-treatment (baseline) up to post-treatment assessments (approximately 4-6 weeks)

07

Results

Posted Apr 30, 2025

Participant flow

The numbers in the Participant Flow represent individual participants.

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneKidpower - Structured GamesKidpower - Playgroup
Started5753
Completed4944
Not completed89

Outcome measures

PrimaryChange in Error Related Negativity (ERN)

The error-related negativity is a neurophysiological signal, measured via electroencephalogram (EEG), considered to reflect a dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) response to errors. For this study the ERN will be measured at electrode site FCz as the downward (negative voltage) deflection of the EEG signal that occurs 50-100 msec after error commission on the Zoo Task. Scores are measured continuously (no established minimum or maximum) . Higher scores reflect greater neural capacity for effortful control.

Time frame:
Pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment assessments (approximately 4-6 weeks)
Reported as:
Mean · millivolts
Change in Error Related Negativity (ERN)
millivoltsKidpower - Structured GamesKidpower - Playgroup
Change in Error Related Negativity (ERN)-0.169 ± 8.129-1.192 ± 10.194
PrimaryChange in National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Effortful Control (EC) Composite Scale

The NIH Toolbox EC Composite Scale will be comprised of children's standardized scores reflecting accuracy and reaction time on two computerized tasks: the Flanker inhibitory control and attention task and the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) test of set-shifting function. An NIH Toolbox EC Composite score will be based on factor loadings for each task derived from a factor analysis of scores across both Toolbox tasks. Scores are measured continuously (no established minimum or maximum) . Higher scores reflect greater behavioral capacity for effortful control.

Time frame:
Pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment assessments (approximately 4-6 weeks)
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Change in National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Effortful Control (EC) Composite Scale
score on a scaleKidpower - Structured GamesKidpower - Playgroup
Change in National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Effortful Control (EC) Composite Scale.3265 ± .628.406 ± .5655
PrimaryChange in Clinical Global Impressions -Severity and Improvement Scales

The Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) is an observer rated scale used to assess anxiety severity (CGI-S) and pre- to post-treatment improvement in anxiety (CGI-I). Ratings for both use a 7-point scale, from 1 "normal" to 7 "among the most severely ill" for CGI-S and 1 ("very much improved") to 7 ("very much worse") for CGI-I.

Time frame:
Pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment assessments (approximately 4-6 weeks)
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Change in Clinical Global Impressions -Severity and Improvement Scales
score on a scaleKidpower - Structured GamesKidpower - Playgroup
CGI-S1.16 ± 0.931.14 ± 0.98
CGI-I2.44 ± 0.762.67 ± 0.87
SecondaryChange in Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule - Parent Version (ADIS-P)

ADIS-P is a semi-structured clinical interview administered to parents about their child to assess Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) diagnoses where anxiety is a component. Severity of symptoms is rated by interviewers on a scale from none (=0) to very severe (=8), with clinician severity rating (CSR) ≥ 4 indicating presence of diagnosis. Changes in CSR of the primary (i.e., most severe at baseline) anxiety diagnosis from pre to post intervention will be assessed.

Time frame:
Pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment assessments (approximately 4-6 weeks)
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Change in Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule - Parent Version (ADIS-P)
score on a scaleKidpower - Structured GamesKidpower - Playgroup
Change in Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule - Parent Version (ADIS-P)2.04 ± 1.561.94 ± 1.91
SecondaryChange in Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale (Spence PAS)

The Spence PAS is a validated instrument for the measurement of parent report of anxiety symptoms in young children. Spence PAS scores will provide a continuous rating of anxiety symptoms from 0 to 112; high scores reflect greater anxiety.

Time frame:
Pre-treatment (baseline) up to post-treatment assessments (approximately 4-6 weeks)
Reported as:
Mean · units on a scale
Change in Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale (Spence PAS)
units on a scaleKidpower - Structured GamesKidpower - Playgroup
Change in Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale (Spence PAS)-10.4 ± 11.4-6.05 ± 14.9

Adverse events

Collected over 3 months.. Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Kidpower - Structured Games0/57 (0%)0/57 (0%)0/57 (0%)
Kidpower - Playgroup0/53 (0%)0/53 (0%)0/53 (0%)

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Kidpower - Structured GamesKidpower - PlaygroupTotal
Mean4.45 ± 0.504.46 ± 0.544.45 ± 0.52
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Kidpower - Structured GamesKidpower - PlaygroupTotal
Female402161
Male173249
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Kidpower - Structured GamesKidpower - PlaygroupTotal
Hispanic or Latino101121
Not Hispanic or Latino463985
Unknown or Not Reported134
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Kidpower - Structured GamesKidpower - PlaygroupTotal
American Indian or Alaska Native000
Asian437
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander022
Black or African American257
White333063
More than one race15924
Unknown or Not Reported347
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(Participants)Kidpower - Structured GamesKidpower - PlaygroupTotal
United States5753110
08

Study locations

4 sites
  • University of Michigan
    Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
  • Michigan State University
    East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
  • Columbia University
    New York, New York 10019, United States
  • New York State Psychiatric Institute
    New York, New York 10032, United States
09

References and documents

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · May 17, 2024

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

10

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Apr 30, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04960813
Lead sponsor
Columbia University
Collaborators
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Michigan State University, University of Michigan, University of Maryland
Responsible party
Kate D. Fitzgerald, MD (Ruane Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jul 14, 2021
Start date
Jul 7, 2021
Primary completion
Mar 1, 2024
Completion
Mar 1, 2024
Results posted
Apr 30, 2025
Last update
Apr 30, 2025

Study contacts

Kate D Fitzgerald, M.D.
principal investigator · Columbia University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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