An interventional study of Exercise Modes in Pregnancy and Overweight and Obesity, sponsored by East Carolina University. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to female participants aged 18 Years to 45 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-06-04.
Sponsored by East Carolina University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention
The overall objective of this proposal is to conduct a longitudinal prospective study of overweight/obese (OW/OB) pregnant women and their offspring to determine which prenatal exercise mode will have the greatest impact on maternal and infant cardiometabolic health. This information may lead to clinical practice recommendations that improve childhood health. This randomized controlled trial will recruit 284 OW/OB pregnant women randomized to an exercise intervention (aerobic (AE), resistance (RE), or aerobic+resistance exercise (AERE)) or to no exercise; their infants will be measured at 1, 6, and 12 months of age. This design will test our central hypothesis that AERE and RE training during pregnancy will improve maternal and offspring cardiometabolic outcomes to a greater extent than AE alone. This hypothesis will be tested with two specific aims:
Aim 1. Determine the influence of different exercise modes during OW/OB pregnancy on infant cardiometabolic health and growth trajectories. Hypothesis: AE, RE, and AERE by OW/OB pregnant women will improve offspring neuromotor and cardiometabolic measures at 1, 6, and 12 months postpartum (e.g. decreased %body fat, BMI z-score, heart rate [HR], non-HDL, and C-Reactive Protein (CRP); increased insulin sensitivity) compared to infants of OW/OB pregnant women that do not exercise; AERE and RE will have the greatest impact on improving infant measures.
Aim 2. Determine the most effective exercise mode in OW/OB pregnancy on improving maternal cardiometabolic health outcomes. Hypothesis: AE, RE, and AERE by OW/OB pregnant women will improve both maternal cardiometabolic health measures (e.g. decreased BMI z-score, non-HDL, % body fat, HR, weight gain) across pregnancy (16-36 weeks' gestation) and overall pregnancy outcomes (e.g. lower incidence of gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, hypertension during gestation) compared to OW/OB pregnant women that do not exercise; AERE and RE will have the greatest impact on improving maternal health measures, with the AERE group having the highest compliance.
The proposed study will be the first to provide an understanding of the influence of maternal exercise modes on the cardiometabolic health and growth trajectories of offspring who are at increased risk due to maternal OW/OB. This work will have a significant impact on reducing the cycle of OB, potentially providing the earliest and most efficacious intervention to decrease or prevent OB in the next generation.
Many public health initiatives in the United States, including Healthy People 2020, have goals that include reducing obesity (OB), metabolic dysfunction, and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies such as the Bogalusa project have now demonstrated that overweightness (OW), beginning as early as age five, is predictive of adult CVD. In fact, the onset of OW/OB and CVD may begin in the intrauterine period, and infant birth weight and weight gain are strongly related to OB in childhood and beyond. OW/OB mothers and their offspring exhibit increased morbidity and mortality; the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) has developed guidelines geared toward reducing maternal OW/OB through exercise. However, few studies have focused on how such exercise interventions during pregnancy impact short and long-term child health outcomes. Furthermore, little is known regarding the influence of different modes of antenatal exercise upon maternal and offspring health outcomes.
The long-term goal of this study is to attenuate child- and adulthood OB and CVD risk by identifying the most effective and easily implemented maternal exercise interventions. The investigators have shown that maternal aerobic exercise (AE) in women of all BMIs favorably impacts maternal cholesterol and LDL levels, which are predictive of infant weight. Furthermore, maternal AE is associated with decreased fetal abdominal circumference (AC), lower body fat percentage at one month, and improved infant neuromotor skills. Our preliminary data for pregnant women of all BMIs suggests that resistance exercise (RE) confers similar benefits to infants at one month as compared to AE, plus improvements such as decreased BMI z-scores, increased metabolomic signatures for glucose use, and decreased metabolites of inflammatory pathways. The most striking finding from this preliminary work is that adding RE to AE improved outcomes for both mothers and infants. Thus, the COMBINATION of aerobic and resistance exercise (AERE) not only had better maternal and one month infant outcomes (versus AE alone), but AERE groups had the best compliance. The positive changes were most pronounced in the infants of OW/OB women. A more comprehensive, longitudinal study geared toward OW/OB mothers is needed to confirm our preliminary work and to assess the persistence of exercise impacts through the infants' first year of life.
The overall objective of this proposal is to conduct a longitudinal prospective study of OW/OB pregnant women and their offspring to determine which antenatal maternal exercise mode(s) will have the greatest impact on maternal and infant cardiometabolic health. This information may lead to modified clinical practice recommendations that improve health in childhood and possibly beyond. This randomized controlled trial will recruit 284 OW/OB pregnant women randomized to an exercise intervention (AE, RE, AERE) or to no exercise (usual care); their infants will be measured at 1, 6, and 12 months of age. This rigorous design will test our central hypothesis that AERE and RE exercise training during pregnancy will, in OW/OB women, improve maternal and offspring cardiometabolic outcomes to a greater extent than AE alone. The investigators will test this hypothesis with two specific aims:
Aim 1. Determine the influence of different exercise modes during OW/OB pregnancy on infant cardiometabolic health and growth trajectories. Hypothesis: AE, RE, and AERE by OW/OB pregnant women will improve offspring neuromotor and cardiometabolic measures at 1, 6, and 12 months postpartum (e.g. decreased BMI z-score, body fat %, non-HDL, heart rate, and C-Reactive Protein (CRP); increased insulin sensitivity) compared to infants of OW/OB pregnant women that do not exercise; AERE and RE will have the greatest impact on improving infant measures.
Aim 2. Determine the most effective exercise mode in OW/OB pregnancy on improving maternal cardiometabolic health outcomes. Hypothesis: AE, RE, and AERE by OW/OB pregnant women will improve both maternal cardiometabolic health measures (e.g. decreased BMI z-score, body fat %, HR, non-HDL, weight gain) across pregnancy (\~13 to \~40 weeks gestation) and overall pregnancy outcomes (e.g. lower incidence of gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, hypertension during gestation) compared to OW/OB pregnant women that do not exercise; AERE and RE will have the greatest impact on improving maternal health measures, with the AERE group having the highest compliance with improved health outcomes.
The proposed innovative study will be the first to provide a critical understanding of the influence of antenatal exercise modes upon the cardiometabolic health and growth trajectories of offspring who are at increased risk due to maternal OW/OB. This work will have a significant impact on reducing the cycle of OB and CVD, potentially providing the earliest and most efficacious intervention to attenuate or prevent OB and CVD in the next generation.
11,522 studies on the registry are indexed under Obesity; 2,033 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 300 is above the median of 67 across 9,006 interventional studies indexed under Obesity.
Browse Obesity studies →East Carolina University is the lead sponsor of 84 studies on the registry; 13 are open to participants now.
Compared within Obesity, this study's primary condition as ClinicalTrials.gg classifies it; the registry's first condition term is Overweight. The counts are of registry records indexed under each term, refreshed daily. How we classify →
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.
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BMI (body mass index)
Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.
What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.
Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
All exercise participants will be prescribed exercise that meets guidelines of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), and the American Heart Association (AHA); 150 minutes per week, moderate intensity (60-80% aerobic capacity, Rating of Perceived Exertion, RPE, 12-15) per week. These limits are the same as those that generated previous positive findings for our preliminary data. The AE group will exercise on aerobic machines (i.e. treadmill, elliptical, bicycle) for all of their sessions.
Behavioral: Exercise Modes
All exercise participants will be prescribed exercise that meets guidelines of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), and the American Heart Association (AHA); 150 minutes per week, moderate intensity (60-80% aerobic capacity, Rating of Perceived Exertion, RPE, 12-15) per week. These limits are the same as those that generated previous positive findings for our preliminary data. The RE group will perform 12-15 repetitions of 10-12 resistance exercises in a circuit, for 3 sets with rest period of 30-60 seconds between sets as needed.\[100\] Seated isokinetic exercise using Cybex machines will target all major muscle groups. Light dumbbells and resistance bands will be used if the participant is unable to lift the minimal load on Cybex machines. Core exercises will be performed at the end of the session (i.e. seated side bends).
Behavioral: Exercise Modes
All exercise participants will be prescribed exercise that meets guidelines of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), and the American Heart Association (AHA); 150 minutes per week, moderate intensity (60-80% aerobic capacity, Rating of Perceived Exertion, RPE, 12-15) per week. These limits are the same as those that generated previous positive findings for our preliminary data. The AERE group will switch between AE exercise and RE; for this group, RE exercises will consist of 1 set of 12-15 repetitions of 4 resistance exercises, then 5 minutes of AE, then repeated repeat with different exercises.\[106-108\] The investigators will also calculate the metabolic minutes per week (METmin/wk) of all participants in order to account for potential differences in energy expenditure based on activity, though the dose of 150 min/wk at moderate intensity is held constant between exercise groups.
Behavioral: Exercise Modes
The Control group will participate in weekly sessions that focus on stretching, breathing, and healthy lifestyle.
Moderate intensity aerobic exercise, moderate intensity resistance exercise, moderate intensity combination exercise
1 month Infant non-HDL
non-HDL measured from venipuncture
Time frame: 1 month
6 month Infant non-HDL
non-HDL measured from venipuncture
Time frame: 6 months
12 month Infant non-HDL
non-HDL measured from venipuncture
Time frame: 12 months
1 month Infant BMI z-score
BMI normalized
Time frame: 1 month
6 month Infant BMI z-score
BMI normalized
Time frame: 6 months
12 month Infant BMI z-score
BMI normalized
Time frame: 12 months
Enrollment (8-13wks) Maternal fasting non-HDL
non-HDL measured from venipuncture
Time frame: enrollment (~8-13 wks gestation)
36wk Maternal fasting non-HDL
non-HDL measured from venipuncture
Time frame: 36 weeks gestation
1 month postpartum Maternal fasting non-HDL
non-HDL measured from venipuncture
Time frame: 1 month postpartum
6 months postpartum Maternal fasting non-HDL
non-HDL measured from venipuncture
Time frame: 6 months postpartum
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Presence or absence of Adverse Pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth, gestational diabetes \[GDM\], preeclampsia, hypertension)
Time frame: At Delivery
1 month Infant Resting Heart Rate
resting HR
Time frame: 1 month
6 month Infant Resting Heart Rate
resting HR
Time frame: 6 months
12 month Infant Resting Heart Rate
resting HR
Time frame: 12 months
1 month Infant Resting Blood Pressure
resting BP
Time frame: 1 month
6 month Infant Resting Blood Pressure
resting BP
Time frame: 6 months
12 month Infant Resting Blood Pressure
resting BP
Time frame: 12 months
1 month Infant Body Fat %
estimated body fat % from skinfolds
Time frame: 1 month
6 month Infant Body Fat %
estimated body fat % from skinfolds
Time frame: 6 months
12 month Infant Body Fat %
estimated body fat % from skinfolds
Time frame: 12 months
1 month Infant % Muscle Mass
estimated muscle mass % from skinfolds
Time frame: 1 months
6 month Infant % Muscle Mass
estimated muscle mass % from skinfolds
Time frame: 6 months
12 month Infant % Muscle Mass
estimated muscle mass % from skinfolds
Time frame: 12 months
1 month Infant Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)
estimated REE
Time frame: 1 months
6 month Infant Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)
estimated resting energy expenditure
Time frame: 6 months
12 month Infant Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)
estimated resting energy expenditure
Time frame: 12 months
1 month Infant Neuromotor Assessment
Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (1st - 99th percentile) - the higher the percentile the better
Time frame: 1 months
6 month Infant Neuromotor Assessment
Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (1st - 99th percentile) - the higher the percentile the better
Time frame: 6 months
12 month Infant Neuromotor Assessment
Peabody Developmental Motor Scale (1st - 99th percentile) - the higher the percentile the better
Time frame: 12 months
1 month Infant Veggie Meter
Raman Spectroscopy-Skin Carotenoid assessments
Time frame: 1 month
6 month Infant Veggie Meter
Raman spectroscopy-Skin Carotenoid assessments
Time frame: 6 months
12 month Infant Veggie Meter
Raman spectroscopy-Skin Carotenoid assessments
Time frame: 12 months
1 month Infant Blood Biomarkers (CRP)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (CRP)
Time frame: 1 month
6 month Infant Blood Biomarkers (CRP)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (CRP)
Time frame: 6 months
12 month Infant Blood Biomarkers (CRP)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (CRP)
Time frame: 12 months
1 month Infant Blood Biomarkers (IL6)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (IL6)
Time frame: 1 month
6 month Infant Blood Biomarkers (IL6)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (IL6)
Time frame: 6 months
12 month Infant Blood Biomarkers (IL6)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (IL6)
Time frame: 12 months
1 month Infant Blood Biomarkers (adiponectin)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (adiponectin)
Time frame: 1 month
6 month Infant Blood Biomarkers (adiponectin)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (adiponectin)
Time frame: 6 month
12 month Infant Blood Biomarkers (adiponectin)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (adiponectin)
Time frame: 12 months
1 month Infant Metabolomics
Metabolomic pathway analysis of significantly different blood metabolites based on p-value less than or equal to 0.05
Time frame: 1 month
6 month Infant Metabolomics
Metabolomic pathway analysis of significantly different blood metabolites based on p-value less than or equal to 0.05
Time frame: 6 months
12 months Infant Metabolomics
Metabolomic pathway analysis of significantly different blood metabolites based on p-value less than or equal to 0.05
Time frame: 12 months
16wk Maternal Resting Heart Rate
resting HR
Time frame: 16 gestation
36wk Maternal Resting Heart Rate
resting HR
Time frame: 36 weeks gestation
1 month postpartum Maternal Resting Heart Rate
resting HR
Time frame: 1 month postpartum
6 month postpartum Maternal Resting Heart Rate
resting HR
Time frame: 6 months postpartum
16wk Maternal Resting Blood Pressure
resting BP
Time frame: 16 weeks gestation
36wk Maternal Resting Blood Pressure
resting BP
Time frame: 36 weeks gestation
1 month postpartum Maternal Resting Blood Pressure
resting BP
Time frame: 1 month postpartum
6 month postpartum Maternal Resting Blood Pressure
resting BP
Time frame: 6 months postpartum
Maternal Gestational Weight Gain (GWG)
Gestational Weight Gain
Time frame: at delivery
16wk Maternal Body Fat%
Estimated body fat %
Time frame: 16 weeks gestation
36wk Maternal Body Fat%
Estimated body fat %
Time frame: 36 weeks gestation
1 month Postpartum Maternal Body Fat%
Estimated body fat %
Time frame: 1 month postpartum
6 month Postpartum Maternal Body Fat%
Estimated body fat %
Time frame: 6 months postpartum
16wk Maternal Biomarkers (CRP)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (CRP)
Time frame: 16 weeks gestation
36wk Maternal Biomarkers (CRP)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (CRP)
Time frame: 36 weeks gestation
1 month postpartum Maternal Biomarkers (CRP)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (CRP)
Time frame: 1 month postpartum
6 month Postpartum Maternal Biomarkers (CRP)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (CRP)
Time frame: 6 months postpartum
16wk Maternal Biomarkers (IL6)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (IL6)
Time frame: 16 weeks gestation
36wk Maternal Biomarkers (IL6)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (IL6)
Time frame: 36 weeks gestation
1 month Postpartum Maternal Biomarkers (IL6)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (IL6)
Time frame: 1 month postpartum
6 month Postpartum Maternal Biomarkers (IL6)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (IL6)
Time frame: 6 months postpartum
16wk Maternal Biomarkers (adiponectin)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (adiponectin)
Time frame: 16 weeks gestation
36wk Maternal Biomarkers (adiponectin)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (adiponectin)
Time frame: 36 weeks gestation
1 month Postpartum Maternal Biomarkers (adiponectin)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (adiponectin)
Time frame: 1 month postpartum
6 month Postpartum Maternal Biomarkers (adiponectin)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (adiponectin)
Time frame: 6 months postpartum
16wk Maternal Biomarkers (cortisol)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (cortisol)
Time frame: 16 weeks gestation
36wk Maternal Biomarkers (cortisol)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (cortisol)
Time frame: 36 weeks gestation
1 month Postpartum Maternal Biomarkers (cortisol)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (cortisol)
Time frame: 1 month postpartum
6 month Postpartum Maternal Biomarkers (cortisol)
Multiplex analyses of inflammatory markers (cortisol)
Time frame: 6 months postpartum
Plan to share: Undecided — de-identified data can be shared upon request to researchers
Started Oct 2021 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Jan 2027, 63 months after the start.
Of 3,680 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Obesity, half reached primary completion within 23 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 43. This study's planned 63 months is above that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 3,843 studies reached it within 22 months; a quarter within 10 and three quarters within 42.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
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