CClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT04732559Updated Sep 28, 2023

General Attitudes Towards Surrogacy in Poland

An observational study in Surrogate Mothers, sponsored by University of Gdansk. Completed at 1 site in Poland. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-09-28.

Sponsored by University of Gdansk · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Other
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
500
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The primary aim of the study is to:

  • investigate the general attitudes towards surrogacy among Polish population.

The secondary aims of the study are as follows:

  • assess the differences in attitudes towards traditional vs. gestational surrogacy among Polish population,
  • assess the cognitive concerns about issues related to surrogacy,
  • assess the acceptance of surrogate parenthood,
  • assess the attitude towards the surrogate mother,
  • identify factors that influence the attitudes towards surrogacy,
  • examine if there are differences in attitudes among members of the general public, health care professionals, students (health/medical studies vs. non-medical studies) and people with infertility diagnosis.
02

Conditions studied

  • Surrogate Mothers

Keywords

  • traditional surrogacy
  • gestational surrogacy
  • attitudes
  • surrogate parenthood
03

In context

Lead sponsor

University of Gdansk is the lead sponsor of 4 studies on the registry; 2 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

General population in Poland with the divison to subgroups to examine differences between attitudes towards surrogacy among men and women, medical staff/personnel, students of medical and health studies with students of other disciplines and people with diagnosed infertility.

Inclusion criteria

  • signed informed consent
  • no restrictions to gender
  • age ≥ 18
  • able to understand and complete the questionnaire in Polish
  • country of residence: Poland

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • if at least one of the inclusion criteria is not met
05

Study design

Observational model
Other
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
500 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No
06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. General attitudes towards surrogacy.

    Attitudes Towards Surrogacy Survey (ATSS) was constructed on the basis of a literature review and other existing questionnaires or surveys. The survey consists of 15 items. The opinion is indicated by using seven-point Likert-type scale (1= strongly disagree, 7= strongly agree). For most items a higher score indicates a more positive attitude towards surrogacy. To prevent acquiescence response bias, 4 items were reversed. Total score was obtained by summing the items, ranging from 15 (minimum negative attitude) to 105 (maximum positive attitude).

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year

Secondary outcomes

  1. Attitudes towards traditional vs. gestational surrogacy

    Measured by the Attitudes to Surrogate Parenthood Questionnaire (ASPQ) constructed by Constantinidis D., Roger Cook (2012). The opinion was indicated by using seven-point Likert-type scale (1= strongly disagree, 7= strongly agree). One item included yes/no answer.

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year

  2. The Cognitive Concerns About Issues Related to Surrogacy Scale (CCAIRSS)

    Measured by the Attitudes to Surrogate Parenthood Questionnaire (ASPQ) constructed by Constantinidis D., Roger Cook (2012). The Cognitive Concerns About Issues Related to Surrogacy Scale (CCAIRSS) was used in order to examine the level of concerns and different complications associated to traditional and gestational surrogacy. Participants use five-point Likert-type scale to express how much they agree with each statement. Total score was obtained by summing the items, ranging from 15 to 75. High scores reflected smaller surrogacy-related concers and low scores reflected greater surrogacy-related concerns (Constantinidis, Cook, 2012).

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year

  3. Attitudes towards the acceptance of surrogate parenthood

    Measured by the Attitudes to Surrogate Parenthood Questionnaire (ASPQ) constructed by Constantinidis D., Roger Cook (2012). The opinion was indicated by using five-point Likert-type scale (1= strongly disagree, 5= strongly agree). Some items included yes/no answer and ranking.

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year

  4. Attitudes towards the surrogate mother

    Measured by the Attitudes to Surrogate Parenthood Questionnaire (ASPQ) constructed by Constantinidis D., Roger Cook (2012). The opinion was indicated by using five-point Likert-type scale (1= strongly disagree, 5= strongly agree).

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year

  5. Socio-demographic factors

    Measured by the socio-demographic survey designed for the purpose of the study, which capture the following factors: gender, age, place of living, education background, work background, marital status, sexual orientation, religion and diagnosis of infertility.

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Univeristy of Gdansk
    Gdańsk, 80-309, Poland
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Constantinidis D, Cook R. Australian perspectives on surrogacy: the influence of cognitions, psychological and demographic characteristics. Hum Reprod. 2012 Apr;27(4):1080-7. doi: 10.1093/humrep/der470. Epub 2012 Jan 30. PubMed 22294557 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided — The data that support the findings of this study will be available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to their containing information that could compromise the privacy of research participants.

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 28, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04732559
Lead sponsor
University of Gdansk
Collaborators
Principal Investigator: Karolina Lutkiewicz, PhD, Sub-Investigator: Łucja Bieleninik, PhD, Sub-Investigator: Mariola Bidzan, Prof
Responsible party
Karolina Lutkiewicz (PhD, Assistant Professor, University of Gdansk) — Principal investigator
First posted
Feb 1, 2021
Start date
Mar 1, 2022
Primary completion
Sep 1, 2023
Completion
Sep 1, 2023
Last update
Sep 28, 2023

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Sep 2023. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion