Improving Students' Self-esteem With an Online Intervention

Lead sponsor

West University of Timisoara is the lead sponsor of 13 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Study arms

• Other
  Increasing Self-Esteem

  All participants will be included in working groups.

  Behavioral: Increasing self-esteem

Interventions

• BehavioralIncreasing self-esteem

  During 5 weeks, participants will be part of one of the working groups in which they'll be taught by a counselor about how a low self-esteem develops and what have to be done for improving self-esteem, based on the Melanie Fennel' model.

Primary outcomes

1. Changes in Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale

   Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale is a self-esteem measure widely used in social-science research. It is a ten-item likert-type scale with items answered on a four-point scale-from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The scale measures global self-worth by measuring both positive and negative feelings about the self. The minimum score of Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale is 10 and the highest one is 40. A higher score means a better outcome.

   Time frame: Change from Pre- to Post-Intervention (5 weeks)

Secondary outcomes

1. Name Letter Test

   Name Letter Test is used to measure implicit self-esteem by testing the tendency to evaluate alphabetical letters in one's name, especially initials, particularly favorably.

   Time frame: Change from Pre- to Post-Intervention (5 weeks)

2. Academic Burnout Scale

   This scale is designed to measure the level of students' burnout. It contains 3 subscales: Exhaustion (minimum score: 5, maximum: 25), Cynicism (minimum score: 5, maximum: 25), Inefficacy (minimum score: 6, maximum: 30). A higher score means a worse outcome. Beside that, it can be scored Core Burnout, as sum between Exhaustion and Cynicism.

   Time frame: Change from Pre- to Post-Intervention (5 weeks)

3. Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD7)

   Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment is a self-administered 7 item instrument that uses some of the DSM-V criteria for GAD (General Anxiety Disorder) to identify probable cases of GAD along with measuring anxiety symptom severity. The minimum score of Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment is 0 and the highest one is 21. A higher score means a worse outcome (a higher level of anxiety).

   Time frame: Change from Pre- to Post-Intervention (5 weeks)

4. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9)

   Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was designed to measure participant's severity of depression using DSM IV criteria. The minimum score of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 is 0 and the highest one is 27. A higher score means a worse outcome (more severe symptoms of depression).

   Time frame: Change from Pre- to Post-Intervention (5 weeks)

5. Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire

   Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire is a scale designed to measure the level of students' satisfaction with intervention. The items refer to the content of the intervention, being open and close questions.

   Time frame: Post-Intervention (5 weeks)

6. Therapeutic factors

   A 9 item questionnaire designed to measure the impact of some of the therapeutic factors as universality, altruism, instillation of hope, etc (Yalom, I. D., \& Leszcz, M. (Collaborator). (2005). The theory and practice of group psychotherapy (5th ed.)). For each of the 9 factors, the minimum score is 1 and the maximum one is 5. A higher score means a better outcome (that factor is relevant for intervention).

   Time frame: Post-Intervention (5 weeks)

7. System usability

   A 10 item questionnaire designed to measure participants' satisfaction with Zoom, the online platform used for weekly meetings. The minimum score of System Usability Scale is 10 and the highest one is 50. A higher score means a better outcome.

   Time frame: Post-Intervention (5 weeks)