CClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT04655326Updated Apr 9, 2026Results posted

Probiotic Therapy for Children and Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder

An interventional study of Flore in Autism Spectrum Disorder, sponsored by Arizona State University. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 30 Months to 75 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-04-09.

Sponsored by Arizona State University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
296
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
30 Months to 75 Years
Sex
All
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Study summary

This is a study of the effect of a customized probiotic on children and adults with autism, including effects on autism symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Read the detailed description

SunGenomics provides its customers with a customized probiotic based on an analysis of the microbiota in their stool samples. Customers who have autism spectrum disorders are invited to participate in this study by completing several questionnaires about their medical history, diet, autism symptoms, and gastrointestinal symptoms before taking the probiotic, and to repeat those questionnaires approximately 3 months later. This is effectively an open-label study.

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Conditions studied

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder
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In context

Autism Spectrum Disorder

1,727 studies on the registry are indexed under Autism Spectrum Disorder; 504 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 296 is above the median of 52 across 1,371 interventional studies indexed under Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Browse Autism Spectrum Disorder studies →

Lead sponsor

Arizona State University is the lead sponsor of 234 studies on the registry; 41 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
30 Months to 75 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  1. New client of Sun Genomics (has applied for testing and treatment, but not yet begun treatment)
  2. Diagnosis of ASD (initially based on self-report of ASD diagnosis by appropriate medical professional, and then verified by an evaluation of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2) by ASU staff.
  3. Children and adults ages 2.5-75 years

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Antibiotic use in the last two months (not counting topical antibiotics)
  2. Any changes in medications, nutritional supplements, therapies, in the last two months, or any plans to change them during the first 3 months of probiotic treatment.
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Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
296 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Treatment Group

    Each participant receives a customized probiotic based on the results of the test of their microbiota

    Dietary Supplement: Flore

Interventions

  • Dietary supplementFlore

    personalized blend of GRAS approved probiotic strains, prebiotics, and botanicals

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Parent Global Impressions of Autism - Change

    The PGIA-Change assesses the change in 20 different autism-related symptoms on a 7-point scale, from -3 (much worse) to 0 (no change) to +3 (much better) Note that this is a different scale than the PGIA-Baseline, which assesses severity on an absolute scale. The rationale for the two scales is that, based on our clinical experience, it appears that parents can give an approximate value for their child's severity (PGIA-Baseline), but that it is more accurate to ask them about change (with the PGIA-Change) than to ask them about severity again and compare it vs a baseline score (PGIA-Baseline).

    Time frame: change in score between baseline and 3 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Social Responsiveness Scale

    A questionnaire about social skills, where higher scores suggest more severe autism. Scores range from 0 to 195, with higher scores indicating more severe problems.

    Time frame: change in score between baseline and 3 months

  2. Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale

    A questionnaire which evaluates 15 gastrointestinal symptoms on a severity scale from 1 (none) to 7 (severe). We report the average score of those 15 items

    Time frame: change in score between baseline and 3 months

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Results

Posted Apr 9, 2026

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneTreatment Group
Started296
Completed170
Not completed126

Outcome measures

PrimaryParent Global Impressions of Autism - Change

The PGIA-Change assesses the change in 20 different autism-related symptoms on a 7-point scale, from -3 (much worse) to 0 (no change) to +3 (much better) Note that this is a different scale than the PGIA-Baseline, which assesses severity on an absolute scale. The rationale for the two scales is that, based on our clinical experience, it appears that parents can give an approximate value for their child's severity (PGIA-Baseline), but that it is more accurate to ask them about change (with the PGIA-Change) than to ask them about severity again and compare it vs a baseline score (PGIA-Baseline).

Time frame:
change in score between baseline and 3 months
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Parent Global Impressions of Autism - Change
score on a scaleTreatment Group
Parent Global Impressions of Autism - Change0.36 ± 0.55
SecondarySocial Responsiveness Scale

A questionnaire about social skills, where higher scores suggest more severe autism. Scores range from 0 to 195, with higher scores indicating more severe problems.

Time frame:
change in score between baseline and 3 months
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Social Responsiveness Scale
score on a scaleTreatment Group
Baseline80.2 ± 9.3
End of treatment78.6 ± 8.7
Statistical analysis
  • Treatment Group · t-test, 2 sided · p = >0.05
SecondaryGastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale

A questionnaire which evaluates 15 gastrointestinal symptoms on a severity scale from 1 (none) to 7 (severe). We report the average score of those 15 items

Time frame:
change in score between baseline and 3 months
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale
score on a scaleTreatment Group
Baseline2.25 ± 0.98
End of treatment1.96 ± 0.95
Statistical analysis
  • Treatment Group · t-test, 2 sided · p = <0.05

Adverse events

Collected over During the 3 months of synbiotic treatment. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Treatment Group0/296 (0%)0/296 (0%)1/296 (0.3%)
Most frequent other events
Most frequent other events
EventTreatment Group
gut symptoms, autism symptoms and behaviorGeneral disorders1/296

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Treatment Group
Mean10.4 ± 7.1
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Treatment Group
Female60
Male236
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected(Participants)Treatment Group
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)Treatment Group
United States296
Parent Global Impressions of Autism (PGIA) - Baseline
Parent Global Impressions of Autism (PGIA) - Baseline(units on a scale)Treatment Group
Mean2.81 ± 0.87
Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2)
Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2)(units on a scale)Treatment Group
Mean80.1 ± 10.4
Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS)
Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS)(units on a scale)Treatment Group
Mean2.25 ± 0.97
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Study locations

1 site
  • Arizona State University
    Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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References and documents

Study documents

  • Study protocol · Jul 31, 2025
  • Statistical analysis plan · Aug 18, 2025

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Apr 9, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04655326
Lead sponsor
Arizona State University
Collaborators
Sun Genomics
Responsible party
James B Adams (President's Professor, Arizona State University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Dec 7, 2020
Start date
Oct 15, 2020
Primary completion
May 15, 2025
Completion
Jul 12, 2025
Results posted
Apr 9, 2026
Last update
Apr 9, 2026

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Mar 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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