An interventional study of Facilitated advance care planning (in-person or telephonic) and Web-based advance care planning in Cancer and Advance Care Planning, sponsored by University of Pittsburgh. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-01-14.
Sponsored by University of Pittsburgh · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care
The overall goal of this study is to identify the most effective and efficient advance care planning (ACP) strategy for patients with advanced cancer.
The specific aims are to:
Aim 1. Compare the effectiveness of in-person, facilitated ACP versus web-based ACP on patient and family caregiver outcomes.
Aim 2. Assess implementation costs and the effects of in-person, facilitated ACP and web-based ACP on healthcare utilization at end of life.
Aim 3. Identify contexts and mechanisms that influence the effectiveness of in-person, facilitated ACP versus web-based ACP.
Study investigators will conduct a single-blind, patient-level randomized trial to compare the effectiveness of two different patient-facing advance care planning (ACP) interventions. Investigators will enroll 400 patients with advanced cancer and their family caregivers to receive either (1) in-person discussions with trained facilitators or (2) web-based ACP using interactive videos. Because these approaches have never been compared directly, it is unclear whether one form of advance care planning is more potent, and if so, for whom and under what circumstances.
Aim 1 compares the effectiveness of in-person, facilitated ACP versus web-based ACP on patient and family caregiver outcomes (ACP engagement, ACP discussions, advance directive completion, goal attainment, and caregiver psychological symptoms). Aim 2 assesses implementation costs of each intervention and effects on healthcare utilization at end of life. Aim 3 identifies contexts and mechanisms influencing the effectiveness of each approach. Primary patient outcomes will be assessed at 12 weeks. Participants will be followed until 12 weeks after the patient's death or completion of the 48-month data collection period, whichever occurs first. In-depth interviews with patients, caregivers, and clinicians will begin in Year 2 of the grant and continue until thematic saturation is reached.
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Of its 8 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 4 (50%) have results posted.
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Patient Inclusion Criteria:
Patient Exclusion Criteria:
Patients will be able to identify and enroll a caregiver, designated by the patient as the primary family member or friend involved in their care and best able to participate in the study.
Caregiver Inclusion criteria:
Caregiver Exclusion criteria:
Patients randomized to this arm will participate in in-person or telephonic facilitated advance care planning (ACP) discussions using the Respecting Choices model.
Behavioral: Facilitated advance care planning (in-person or telephonic)
Patients randomized to this arm will participate in web-based ACP via the PREPARE website.
Behavioral: Web-based advance care planning
The facilitator will contact the patient to schedule the ACP discussion. ACP discussions will be led by a nurse or social worker with supportive oncology experience who has been trained as a Respecting Choices facilitator, include the patient's caregiver when available, last 45-60 minutes, and be held in a private location at or near the patient's oncology clinic, or telephonically. Facilitators will use a structured interview tool as a discussion roadmap and provide guidance in choosing a medical decision maker, exploring serious illness understanding and experiences, identifying goals and values, and making future treatment decisions. Facilitators will provide a copy of a written advance directive, assist with completion when appropriate, and make recommendations for communicating goals and sharing written preferences.
Instructions for accessing and using the PREPARE website will be shared with participants upon randomization. Patients and their caregivers review the 5 steps of PREPARE (approximately 10 minutes per step) and create an action plan for each step. The PREPARE website includes a link to a written advance directive that participants are able to complete. The PREPARE website can be reviewed on a home computer or on a tablet in the oncology practice.
Advance Care Planning Engagement
15-item Advance Care Planning (ACP) engagement survey assesses ACP processes related to choosing a medical decision maker, discussing and documenting preference for care at end of life, flexibility for surrogate decision making, and asking questions of medical providers. A single summary score will be reported (range 0-5 with higher scores indicating higher engagement).
Time frame: 12 weeks
Number of Participants Who Have Had Advance Care Planning Discussions With Caregivers
"Has \[participant\] talked with \[participant's\] family or friends about the kind of medical care \[participant\] would want if \[participant\] were very sick or near the end of life?"
Time frame: 12 weeks
Number of Participants Who Have Had Advance Care Planning Discussions With Physicians
"Has \[participant\] talked with \[participant's\] doctor about the kind of medical care \[participant\] would want if \[participant\] were very sick or near the end of life?"
Time frame: 12 weeks
Number of Participants Who Have Completed an Advance Directive
"Has \[participant\] completed a living will or advance directive?"
Time frame: 12 weeks
Documented Care Goals
Investigators will assess documented care goals by reviewing medical records for any care goals documented since baseline (Yes/No).
Time frame: 12 weeks
Caregiver Depression Symptoms
Depression subscale of the 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) will be used to assess caregiver depression symptoms at 12 weeks and bereavement. The HADS depression subscale scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating more distress.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Caregiver Anxiety Symptoms
Anxiety subscale of the 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) will be used to assess caregiver anxiety symptoms at 12 weeks and bereavement. The anxiety subscale scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating more distress.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Receipt of Goal-concordant End-of-life Care - Patient Wishes Followed
Bereaved caregivers will be asked "In \[participant's\] opinion, to what extent were \[the patient's\] wishes followed in the medical care received in the last month of life?" Receipt of goal-concordant end-of-life care - patient wishes followed will be defined as care that "followed patients' wishes a great deal."
Time frame: during bereavement, up to 60 months
Receipt of Goal-concordant End-of-life Care - Place of Death
Bereaved caregivers will be asked about patient's preferred and actual places of death, with questions separated in the survey to minimize conscious comparison. Receipt of goal-concordant end-of-life care - place of death will be defined as patients dying in their preferred location.
Time frame: during bereavement, up to 60 months
Quality of End-of-life Care
13-item Caregiver Evaluation of Quality of End-of-Life Care (CEQUEL) scale. Total score range is 13-26, with higher scores indicating better perceived quality of care. Prolongation of Death, Perceived Suffering, and Preparation for the Death Subscales range 3-6, with higher scores indicating a better outcome. Shared Decision-Making subscale range is 4-8, with higher scores indicating a better outcome.
Time frame: during bereavement, up to 60 months
Caregiver Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms
22-item Impact of Events Scale-revised has a scoring range from 0-88, with a higher total score indicating more post-traumatic stress symptoms. Avoidance, Intrusions, and Hyperarousal Subscales range 0-4, with higher scores indicating a worse outcome.
Time frame: during bereavement, up to 60 months
Caregiver Depression Symptoms
Depression subscale of the 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) will be used to assess caregiver depression symptoms at 12 weeks and bereavement. The HADS depression subscale scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating more distress.
Time frame: bereavement, up to 60 months
Caregiver Anxiety Symptoms
Anxiety subscale of the 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) will be used to assess caregiver anxiety symptoms at 12 weeks and bereavement. The anxiety subscale scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating more distress.
Time frame: during bereavement, up to 60 months
Number of Participants Who Received Chemotherapy Within Last 2 Weeks of Life
Investigators will measure whether chemotherapy was administered within the last 2 weeks of life (Y/N)
Time frame: Assessed after patient death
Number of Participants Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit Within Last 30 Days of Life
Investigators will measure whether participant was admitted to the intensive care unit in the last 30 days of life (Y/N)
Time frame: Assessed after patient death
Number of Participants Admitted to Hospice Within Last 30 Days of Life
Investigators will measure whether the participant was admitted to hospice (Y/N)
Time frame: Assessed after patient death
Number of Participants Admitted to Hospice Within Last 3 Days of Life
Investigators will measure whether the participant was admitted to hospice for \< 3 days (Y/N)
Time frame: Assessed after patient death
Healthcare Utilization at End of Life - Hospice Length of Stay
For participants admitted to hospice, investigators will measure number of days in hospice.
Time frame: Assessed after patient death
Number of Participants Who Were Hospitalized Within Last 30 Days of Life
Investigators will measure the number of participants hospitalized within in the last 30 days of life
Time frame: Assess after patient death
Number of Participants Who Had Emergency Department Visits Within Last 30 Days of Life
Investigators will measure number of emergency department visits in the last 30 days of life
Time frame: Assessed after patient death
Advance Care Planning Implementation Costs
Investigators will assess advance care planning implementation costs by tracking staff time spent on each intervention arm. Staff time costs for each intervention will be estimated by multiplying staff training and patient care time related to the intervention in hours by the average hourly wage for US nursing and social work staff of comparable levels.
Time frame: through study completion, up to 5 years
Recruitment occurred from August 1, 2019 until July 14, 2023. Patients were enrolled from 8 oncology clinics within the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center Network in western Pennsylvania. Patients were encouraged but not required to identify a caregiver, defined as the primary adult (family member or friend) involved in their care and best able to participate in the study, as assessed by the patient. Patients without a willing caregiver participant were not excluded.
| Milestone | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) | Web-based Advance Care Planning (CAREGIVERS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (CAREGIVERS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Started | 203 | 197 | 133 | 139 |
| Completed | 134 | 135 | 102 | 108 |
| Not completed | 69 | 62 | 31 | 31 |
15-item Advance Care Planning (ACP) engagement survey assesses ACP processes related to choosing a medical decision maker, discussing and documenting preference for care at end of life, flexibility for surrogate decision making, and asking questions of medical providers. A single summary score will be reported (range 0-5 with higher scores indicating higher engagement).
| score on a scale | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Advance Care Planning Engagement | 4.08 ± 0.82 | 4.34 ± 0.78 |
"Has \[participant\] talked with \[participant's\] family or friends about the kind of medical care \[participant\] would want if \[participant\] were very sick or near the end of life?"
| Participants | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Who Have Had Advance Care Planning Discussions With Caregivers | 117 | 120 |
"Has \[participant\] talked with \[participant's\] doctor about the kind of medical care \[participant\] would want if \[participant\] were very sick or near the end of life?"
| Participants | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Who Have Had Advance Care Planning Discussions With Physicians | 54 | 67 |
"Has \[participant\] completed a living will or advance directive?"
| Participants | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Who Have Completed an Advance Directive | 80 | 101 |
Investigators will assess documented care goals by reviewing medical records for any care goals documented since baseline (Yes/No).
| participants | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) |
|---|---|---|
| New advance directive or living will | 4 | 18 |
| New Physician Orders for Life-sustaining Treatment (POLST) form | 1 | 8 |
| New Code Status | 29 | 31 |
| New Goals of Care discussion | 26 | 22 |
Depression subscale of the 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) will be used to assess caregiver depression symptoms at 12 weeks and bereavement. The HADS depression subscale scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating more distress.
| score on a scale | Web-based Advance Care Planning (CAREGIVERS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (CAREGIVERS) |
|---|---|---|
| Caregiver Depression Symptoms | 4.34 ± 4.07 | 3.69 ± 3.57 |
Anxiety subscale of the 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) will be used to assess caregiver anxiety symptoms at 12 weeks and bereavement. The anxiety subscale scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating more distress.
| score on a scale | Web-based Advance Care Planning (CAREGIVERS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (CAREGIVERS) |
|---|---|---|
| Caregiver Anxiety Symptoms | 6.94 ± 4.6 | 6.5 ± 3.92 |
Bereaved caregivers will be asked "In \[participant's\] opinion, to what extent were \[the patient's\] wishes followed in the medical care received in the last month of life?" Receipt of goal-concordant end-of-life care - patient wishes followed will be defined as care that "followed patients' wishes a great deal."
| Participants | Web-based Advance Care Planning (CAREGIVERS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (CAREGIVERS) |
|---|---|---|
| A great deal | 37 | 46 |
| Somewhat | 11 | 2 |
| Not at all | 1 | 0 |
| Did not answer | 1 | 0 |
Bereaved caregivers will be asked about patient's preferred and actual places of death, with questions separated in the survey to minimize conscious comparison. Receipt of goal-concordant end-of-life care - place of death will be defined as patients dying in their preferred location.
| Participants | Web-based Advance Care Planning (CAREGIVERS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (CAREGIVERS) |
|---|---|---|
| Receipt of Goal-concordant End-of-life Care - Place of Death | 34 | 37 |
13-item Caregiver Evaluation of Quality of End-of-Life Care (CEQUEL) scale. Total score range is 13-26, with higher scores indicating better perceived quality of care. Prolongation of Death, Perceived Suffering, and Preparation for the Death Subscales range 3-6, with higher scores indicating a better outcome. Shared Decision-Making subscale range is 4-8, with higher scores indicating a better outcome.
| score on a scale | Web-based Advance Care Planning (CAREGIVERS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (CAREGIVERS) |
|---|---|---|
| Prolongation of Death subscale | 5.62 ± 0.78 | 5.69 ± 0.62 |
| Perceived Suffering Subscale | 5.51 ± 0.83 | 5.45 ± 0.91 |
| Shared Decision-Making subscale | 7.67 ± 0.74 | 7.7 ± 0.68 |
| Preparation for the Death subscale | 5.66 ± 0.72 | 5.51 ± 0.72 |
| Total Score | 24.45 ± 2.05 | 24.35 ± 1.83 |
22-item Impact of Events Scale-revised has a scoring range from 0-88, with a higher total score indicating more post-traumatic stress symptoms. Avoidance, Intrusions, and Hyperarousal Subscales range 0-4, with higher scores indicating a worse outcome.
| score on a scale | Web-based Advance Care Planning (CAREGIVERS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (CAREGIVERS) |
|---|---|---|
| Avoidance subscale | 1.15 ± 0.64 | 0.96 ± 0.79 |
| Intrusions Subscale | 1.99 ± 0.89 | 1.48 ± 0.86 |
| Hyperarousal Subscale | 1.06 ± 0.84 | 0.74 ± 0.64 |
| IES-R Total Score | 31.5 ± 15.2 | 23.9 ± 14.6 |
Depression subscale of the 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) will be used to assess caregiver depression symptoms at 12 weeks and bereavement. The HADS depression subscale scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating more distress.
| score on a scale | Web-based Advance Care Planning (CAREGIVERS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (CAREGIVERS) |
|---|---|---|
| Caregiver Depression Symptoms | 5.87 ± 4.11 | 5.34 ± 6.56 |
Anxiety subscale of the 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) will be used to assess caregiver anxiety symptoms at 12 weeks and bereavement. The anxiety subscale scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating more distress.
| score on a scale | Web-based Advance Care Planning (CAREGIVERS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (CAREGIVERS) |
|---|---|---|
| Caregiver Anxiety Symptoms | 6.72 ± 4.59 | 6.56 ± 3.32 |
Investigators will measure whether chemotherapy was administered within the last 2 weeks of life (Y/N)
| Participants | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Who Received Chemotherapy Within Last 2 Weeks of Life | 12 | 5 |
Investigators will measure whether participant was admitted to the intensive care unit in the last 30 days of life (Y/N)
| Participants | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit Within Last 30 Days of Life | 20 | 16 |
Investigators will measure whether the participant was admitted to hospice (Y/N)
| Participants | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Admitted to Hospice Within Last 30 Days of Life | 64 | 76 |
Investigators will measure whether the participant was admitted to hospice for \< 3 days (Y/N)
| Participants | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Admitted to Hospice Within Last 3 Days of Life | 19 | 25 |
For participants admitted to hospice, investigators will measure number of days in hospice.
| days | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Healthcare Utilization at End of Life - Hospice Length of Stay | 15.8 ± 19.7 | 27.8 ± 41.8 |
Investigators will measure the number of participants hospitalized within in the last 30 days of life
| Participants | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Who Were Hospitalized Within Last 30 Days of Life | 74 | 67 |
Investigators will measure number of emergency department visits in the last 30 days of life
| Participants | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Who Had Emergency Department Visits Within Last 30 Days of Life | 64 | 58 |
Investigators will assess advance care planning implementation costs by tracking staff time spent on each intervention arm. Staff time costs for each intervention will be estimated by multiplying staff training and patient care time related to the intervention in hours by the average hourly wage for US nursing and social work staff of comparable levels.
Results for this outcome have not been posted.
Collected over up to 60 months. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | 112/203 (55.2%) | 0/203 (0%) | 0/203 (0%) |
| Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) | 116/197 (58.9%) | 0/197 (0%) | 1/197 (0.5%) |
| Web-based Advance Care Planning (CAREGIVERS) | 0/133 (0%) | 0/133 (0%) | 0/133 (0%) |
| Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (CAREGIVERS) | 0/139 (0%) | 0/139 (0%) | 0/139 (0%) |
| Event | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) | Web-based Advance Care Planning (CAREGIVERS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (CAREGIVERS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suicidal ideationPsychiatric disorders | 0/203 | 1/197 | 0/133 | 0/139 |
| Homicidal ideationPsychiatric disorders | 0/203 | 1/197 | 0/133 | 0/139 |
Some baseline measures were only collected for either patients or caregivers.
| Age, Continuous(years) | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) | Web-based Advance Care Planning (CAREGIVERS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (CAREGIVERS) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 67.8 ± 10 | 68.1 ± 11 | 62.2 ± 13.6 | 61.9 ± 13.5 | 67.9 ± 10.5 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) | Web-based Advance Care Planning (CAREGIVERS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (CAREGIVERS) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 96 | 96 | 96 | 103 | 391 |
| Male | 107 | 101 | 37 | 36 | 281 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants) | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) | Web-based Advance Care Planning (CAREGIVERS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (CAREGIVERS) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hispanic or Latino | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 201 | 194 | 132 | 136 | 663 |
| Unknown or Not Reported | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants) | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) | Web-based Advance Care Planning (CAREGIVERS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (CAREGIVERS) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Asian | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Black or African American | 17 | 13 | 6 | 5 | 41 |
| White | 184 | 181 | 125 | 132 | 622 |
| More than one race | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| Unknown or Not Reported | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Region of Enrollment(participants) | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) | Web-based Advance Care Planning (CAREGIVERS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (CAREGIVERS) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 203 | 197 | 133 | 139 | 672 |
| Education Level(Participants) | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) | Web-based Advance Care Planning (CAREGIVERS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (CAREGIVERS) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < High school | 4 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 14 |
| High school diploma or GED | 66 | 63 | 34 | 36 | 199 |
| Some college or college degree | 107 | 99 | 74 | 69 | 349 |
| Graduate or professional degree | 25 | 28 | 24 | 31 | 108 |
| Refused to answer | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Current Marital Status(Participants) | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) | Web-based Advance Care Planning (CAREGIVERS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (CAREGIVERS) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never married | 16 | 14 | 12 | 6 | 48 |
| Married | 125 | 118 | 105 | 113 | 461 |
| Widowed | 28 | 35 | 6 | 9 | 78 |
| Divorced/Separated | 28 | 28 | 8 | 10 | 74 |
| Refused to answer | 5 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 8 |
| Unknown | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Ability to manage on income(Participants) | Web-based Advance Care Planning (PATIENTS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (PATIENTS) | Web-based Advance Care Planning (CAREGIVERS) | Facilitated Advance Care Planning (In-person or Telephonic) (CAREGIVERS) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cannot make ends meet | 6 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 18 |
| Just manage to get by | 51 | 46 | 21 | 24 | 142 |
| Have enough with a little extra | 59 | 77 | 58 | 54 | 248 |
| Money is not a problem | 56 | 48 | 35 | 41 | 180 |
| Refused to answer | 27 | 24 | 11 | 18 | 80 |
| Unknown | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
24 further baseline measures are reported on the registry.
Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.
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