ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT03674372FETOUpdated Jun 10, 2025

Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion

An interventional study of Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion (FETO) in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, sponsored by University of Colorado, Denver. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to female participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-06-10.

Sponsored by University of Colorado, Denver · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Nov 2018; still recruiting 7 years 11 months later.

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Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
10
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
Female
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-14

Among 45 studies in Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital with a site in United States — 24 open to participants now, 28 under way, 2 of them phase 3. Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital · United States.

Planned enrollment
25th of 36
10 · median 21
Started
2018
with 2 others
No phase
28 of 45
18 open now
Primary completion
2030-03
later than 18 of 27 live
Registered
22nd of 45
by date
Lead sponsor
2 of 45
University of Colorado, Denver

Among the 45 studies in Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital with a site in United States, this one is the 25th largest by planned enrollment of the 36 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 3 that started in 2018, is one of 28 with no phase, reaches primary completion later than 18 of the 27 other live ones, and was the 22nd registered.

Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital

86 studies on the registry are indexed under Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; 39 are open to participants now.

Browse Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital studies →

Open to participants now

24 of the 45 studies in Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital with a site in United States are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

18 more — sign in →

All 24 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in United States have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in United States →

Who these studies take

Of the 32 Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital studies recruiting now, 16 (50%) set no upper age limit and 16 (50%) stop at 75 or younger; 13 take children under 18; 6 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years and older · female · no healthy volunteers.

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Watch this landscapeDownload CSVNarrow it in search →With an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 45 studies in Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital with a site in United States, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

The purpose of this research study is to see if the FETO surgery and FETO release (surgery to remove the device) works and is safe for babies with severe right or left Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH). CDH is a condition in which a hole in the baby's diaphragm allows the abdominal organs to move into the chest and limit lung growth. The goal of the FETO device is to block the airway with a balloon-type device, allowing fluid to build up and help the unborn baby's lungs grow. Bigger lungs may improve the baby's quality of life.

Read the detailed description

Despite advances in prenatal diagnosis and postnatal therapies, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), inhaled nitric oxide therapy, and ventilator strategies that minimize ventilator-induced lung injury, morbidity and mortality rates for babies with severe CDH remain high. Data from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) between January 2006 and December 2010 for prenatal and postnatal care for 64 patients with isolated left CDH showed overall survival was 63%. Survival was 33% in patients requiring the use ECMO. Immediate morbidity/mortality is related to the severity of the pulmonary hypoplasia caused by the mass effect of the herniated abdominal contents on the developing lungs. Quantifying the severity of pulmonary hypoplasia has been performed using the observed/expected lung to head circumference ratio (O/E LHR). It is a tool validated in 354 fetuses with unilateral isolated CDH evaluated between 18 and 38 weeks gestation. For O/E LHR \< 25%, survival was dismal at 1/9 or 11% (CHOP experience, not published). Published data from an interdisciplinary follow-up program at CHOP shows striking morbidities in neuromuscular tone and neurodevelopmental status.

The rationale for fetal therapy in severe CDH is to improve fetal lung growth and therefore neonatal survival. Prenatal tracheal occlusion obstructs the normal egress of lung fluid during pulmonary development leading to increased lung tissue stretch, increased cell proliferation, and accelerated lung growth. European colleagues have developed foregut endoscopy and techniques to position and remove endoluminal tracheal balloons in utero. Recently, the Belgium group published summary results of FETO showing an improved survival in 175 patients with isolated left CDH from 24% to 49%.

The investigators goal with this pilot study is to study the feasibility of implementing FETO therapy in the most severe group of fetuses with left CDH (O/E\< 25%; O/E \< 30%) and right CDH (O/E \< 45%).

03

Conditions studied

  • Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Keywords

  • tracheal occlusion
  • FETO
  • Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Pregnant women age 18 years and older, who are able to consent
  • Singleton pregnancy

Fetal

  • Normal Karyotype
  • Fetal Diagnosis of Isolated Left or Right CDH with liver up
  • Gestation at enrollment prior to 29 wks plus 6 days
  • SEVERE pulmonary hypoplasia with Ultra Sound L-sided O/E LHR \< 25% or R-sided O/E LHR \<45%

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Pregnant women \<18 years of age.
  • Maternal to fetoscopic surgery or severe maternal medical condition in pregnancy
  • Technical limitations precluding fetoscopic surgery
  • Rubber latex allergy
  • Preterm labor, cervix shortened (\<15 mm at enrollment or within 24 hours of FETO balloon insertion procedure) or uterine anomaly strongly predisposing to preterm labor, placenta previa
  • Psychosocial ineligibility, precluding consent
  • Inability to remain at FETO site during time period of tracheal occlusion, delivery and postnatal care
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
10 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Fetuses with Left CDH (O/E LHR < 25%)

    Fetuses with Left CDH (O/E LHR \< 25%) will receive Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion (FETO)

    Device: Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion (FETO)

  • Experimental
    Fetuses with L- sided CDH with O/E LHR <30%.

    Fetuses with Left CDH (O/E LHR \< 30%) will receive Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion (FETO)

    Device: Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion (FETO)

  • Experimental
    Fetuses with R- sided CDH with O/E LHR < 45%

    Fetuses with Right CDH (O/E LHR \< 45%) will receive Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion (FETO)

    Device: Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion (FETO)

Interventions

  • DeviceFetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion (FETO)

    This study will position and remove an endoluminal tracheal balloon in utero (FETO) to study the feasibility of implementing FETO therapy in the most severe group of fetuses with left CDH (O/E \< 25%; O/E LHR \< 30 %) and right CDH (O/E LHR \< 45%).

    Also known as: BALT GOLDBALLOON: GoldBAL2 Detachable Balloon, BALTACCIBDPE100: Catheter System

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Successful placement of Balt Goldbal2 balloon

    The feasibility of performing the procedure and managing the pregnancy during the period of tracheal occlusion

    Time frame: 7 weeks after placement

  2. Successful removal of Balt Goldbal2 balloon

    The feasibility of the removal of the device prior to delivery

    Time frame: Within 5 weeks prior to delivery

  3. Gestational age at delivery

    Time frame: At delivery

  4. Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events [Safety and Tolerability]

    Incidence of Maternal complications: preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, chorioamnionitis)

    Time frame: After Insertion of Balloon to delivery- (from 27 weeks gestational age up to 39 weeks gestational age)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Survival at Discharge or at 6 months if still hospitalized

    Time frame: Discharge up to 180 days post delivery

  2. Lung Volume Measurement

    Time frame: 7 weeks after placement of balloon

  3. Lung Head Ratio Measurement

    Time frame: 7 weeks after placement of balloon

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Claus F, Sandaite I, DeKoninck P, Moreno O, Cruz Martinez R, Van Mieghem T, Gucciardo L, Richter J, Michielsen K, Decraene J, Devlieger R, Gratacos E, Deprest JA. Prenatal anatomical imaging in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2011;29(1):88-100. doi: 10.1159/000320605. Epub 2010 Nov 9. PubMed 21063073 ↗
  • Danzer E, Gerdes M, Bernbaum J, D'Agostino J, Bebbington MW, Siegle J, Hoffman C, Rintoul NE, Flake AW, Adzick NS, Hedrick HL. Neurodevelopmental outcome of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia prospectively enrolled in an interdisciplinary follow-up program. J Pediatr Surg. 2010 Sep;45(9):1759-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.03.011. PubMed 20850617 ↗
  • Deprest JA, Hyett JA, Flake AW, Nicolaides K, Gratacos E. Current controversies in prenatal diagnosis 4: Should fetal surgery be done in all cases of severe diaphragmatic hernia? Prenat Diagn. 2009 Jan;29(1):15-9. doi: 10.1002/pd.2108. No abstract available. PubMed 19125386 ↗
  • Luks FI, Deprest JA, Vandenberghe K, Laermans I, De Simpelaere L, Brosens IA, Lerut T. Fetoscopy-guided fetal endoscopy in a sheep model. J Am Coll Surg. 1994 Jun;178(6):609-12. PubMed 8193755 ↗
  • Deprest J, Nicolaides K, Done' E, Lewi P, Barki G, Largen E, DeKoninck P, Sandaite I, Ville Y, Benachi A, Jani J, Amat-Roldan I, Gratacos E. Technical aspects of fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion for congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg. 2011 Jan;46(1):22-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.10.008. PubMed 21238635 ↗
  • Deprest J, Gratacos E, Nicolaides KH; FETO Task Group. Fetoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) for severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia: evolution of a technique and preliminary results. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Aug;24(2):121-6. doi: 10.1002/uog.1711. Erratum In: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Oct;24(5):594. PubMed 15287047 ↗
  • Jani JC, Nicolaides KH, Gratacos E, Valencia CM, Done E, Martinez JM, Gucciardo L, Cruz R, Deprest JA. Severe diaphragmatic hernia treated by fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Sep;34(3):304-10. doi: 10.1002/uog.6450. PubMed 19658113 ↗
  • Harrison MR, Adzick NS, Flake AW, VanderWall KJ, Bealer JF, Howell LJ, Farrell JA, Filly RA, Rosen MA, Sola A, Goldberg JD. Correction of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in utero VIII: Response of the hypoplastic lung to tracheal occlusion. J Pediatr Surg. 1996 Oct;31(10):1339-48. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3468(96)90824-6. PubMed 8906657 ↗
  • Flake AW, Crombleholme TM, Johnson MP, Howell LJ, Adzick NS. Treatment of severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia by fetal tracheal occlusion: clinical experience with fifteen cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Nov;183(5):1059-66. doi: 10.1067/mob.2000.108871. PubMed 11084541 ↗
  • Harrison MR, Mychaliska GB, Albanese CT, Jennings RW, Farrell JA, Hawgood S, Sandberg P, Levine AH, Lobo E, Filly RA. Correction of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in utero IX: fetuses with poor prognosis (liver herniation and low lung-to-head ratio) can be saved by fetoscopic temporary tracheal occlusion. J Pediatr Surg. 1998 Jul;33(7):1017-22; discussion 1022-3. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3468(98)90524-3. PubMed 9694087 ↗
  • Harrison MR, Sydorak RM, Farrell JA, Kitterman JA, Filly RA, Albanese CT. Fetoscopic temporary tracheal occlusion for congenital diaphragmatic hernia: prelude to a randomized, controlled trial. J Pediatr Surg. 2003 Jul;38(7):1012-20. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3468(03)00182-9. PubMed 12861529 ↗
  • Harrison MR, Keller RL, Hawgood SB, Kitterman JA, Sandberg PL, Farmer DL, Lee H, Filly RA, Farrell JA, Albanese CT. A randomized trial of fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion for severe fetal congenital diaphragmatic hernia. N Engl J Med. 2003 Nov 13;349(20):1916-24. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa035005. PubMed 14614166 ↗
  • Benachi A, Chailley-Heu B, Delezoide AL, Dommergues M, Brunelle F, Dumez Y, Bourbon JR. Lung growth and maturation after tracheal occlusion in diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Mar;157(3 Pt 1):921-7. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.157.3.9611023. PubMed 9517613 ↗
  • De Paepe ME, Johnson BD, Papadakis K, Sueishi K, Luks FI. Temporal pattern of accelerated lung growth after tracheal occlusion in the fetal rabbit. Am J Pathol. 1998 Jan;152(1):179-90. PubMed 9422535 ↗
  • Bratu I, Flageole H, Laberge JM, Chen MF, Piedboeuf B. Pulmonary structural maturation and pulmonary artery remodeling after reversible fetal ovine tracheal occlusion in diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg. 2001 May;36(5):739-44. doi: 10.1053/jpsu.2001.22950. PubMed 11329579 ↗
  • Davey MG, Hedrick HL, Bouchard S, Mendoza JM, Schwarz U, Adzick NS, Flake AW. Temporary tracheal occlusion in fetal sheep with lung hypoplasia does not improve postnatal lung function. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003 Mar;94(3):1054-62. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00733.2002. PubMed 12571135 ↗
  • Bratu I, Flageole H, Laberge JM, Possmayer F, Harbottle R, Kay S, Khalife S, Piedboeuf B. Surfactant levels after reversible tracheal occlusion and prenatal steroids in experimental diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg. 2001 Jan;36(1):122-7. doi: 10.1053/jpsu.2001.20027. PubMed 11150450 ↗
  • Flageole H, Evrard VA, Piedboeuf B, Laberge JM, Lerut TE, Deprest JA. The plug-unplug sequence: an important step to achieve type II pneumocyte maturation in the fetal lamb model. J Pediatr Surg. 1998 Feb;33(2):299-303. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3468(98)90451-1. PubMed 9498406 ↗
  • Done E, Gucciardo L, Van Mieghem T, Jani J, Cannie M, Van Schoubroeck D, Devlieger R, Catte LD, Klaritsch P, Mayer S, Beck V, Debeer A, Gratacos E, Nicolaides K, Deprest J. Prenatal diagnosis, prediction of outcome and in utero therapy of isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Prenat Diagn. 2008 Jul;28(7):581-91. doi: 10.1002/pd.2033. PubMed 18634116 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Nov 2018 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Mar 2030, 136 months after the start.

Of 40 interventional studies with no phase under Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital, half reached primary completion within 108 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 33 and three quarters within 133. This study's planned 136 months is above that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Aug 24, 2018
First posted
Sep 17, 2018
StartActual
Nov 16, 2018
Primary completionEst.
Mar 2030
CompletionEst.
Mar 2030
Last update
Jun 10, 2025
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 10, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03674372
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Sep 17, 2018
Start date
Nov 16, 2018
Primary completion
Mar 2030 (estimated)
Completion
Mar 2030 (estimated)
Last update
Jun 10, 2025

Study contacts

Elizabeth Torres
Contact
elizabeth.torres@childrenscolorado.org
720-777-1661
Halley Isberg
Contact
halley.isberg@childrenscolorado.org
720-777-9514

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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