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CompletedNCT03562455Updated Aug 9, 2022

Virtual Reality for Power Wheelchair Training

An interventional study of VRSim 3.0 and In-Person Wheelchair Training in Spinal Diseases, sponsored by University of Pittsburgh. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 14 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2022-08-09.

Sponsored by University of Pittsburgh · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
12
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
14 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of VRSim 3.0 on power wheelchair (PWC) driving skills and to obtain qualitative feedback from users on the design of the virtual reality (VR) simulator to inform device development.

Read the detailed description

A virtual reality platform may lead to better training of people with complex disabilities who desire to be power wheelchair users and thus allow them to benefit from living a more active life. A virtual reality training program could significantly impact the lives of people with disabilities by improving function, reducing abandonment of power wheelchairs, and reducing morbidity and mortality and associated costs occurring from power wheelchair accidents. This new virtual reality training program will reflect improvements in accessibility, customization, simulator sickness, ease of use, and will have report generating capabilities as compared to previous virtual reality training platforms. The investigators expect that virtual reality training will be a superior alternative to standard in-person wheelchair training.

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Conditions studied

  • Spinal Diseases

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Keywords

  • Virtual Reality
  • Wheelchairs
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In context

Spinal Diseases

267 studies on the registry are indexed under Spinal Diseases; 54 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 12 is below the median of 52 across 166 interventional studies indexed under Spinal Diseases.

Browse Spinal Diseases studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Pittsburgh is the lead sponsor of 1,385 studies on the registry; 167 are open to participants now.

Of its 8 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 4 (50%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
14 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Volunteers must be 14 years or older.
  • Volunteers must have a disability that prevents them from effectively and independently using a manual wheelchair, power assist wheelchair, or scooter.
  • Volunteers must be able to communicate in English, follow simple commands, and give written informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Volunteers with active seizures.
  • Volunteers who have active pelvic or thigh wounds.
  • Volunteers who require a test wheelchair but who exceed the weight capacity of the test wheelchair (>300 lbs).
  • Volunteers who require a test wheelchair but also require specialized seating that cannot be replicated for the training.
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Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
12 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Virtual Reality Training

    Participants will receive virtual reality power wheelchair training using VRSim 3.0 in this group.

    Other: VRSim 3.0

  • Active comparator
    In-person Therapist Training

    Participants will receive in-person wheelchair training by a therapist in this group.

    Behavioral: In-Person Wheelchair Training

Interventions

  • OtherVRSim 3.0

    VRSim 3.0 is a virtual reality training module.

  • BehavioralIn-Person Wheelchair Training

    A therapist will be used to train power wheelchair users.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Power Wheelchair Driving Skill

    Power wheelchair driving skills will be evaluated using the Power Mobility Clinical Driving Assessment (PMCDA). The PMCDA contains 23 questions related to specific power wheelchair driving tasks. Each task will be given a score from 1 to 3; a score of 1 will be given if the driver requires physical assistance or cannot complete the task, a score of 2 will be given if the driver requires verbal or auditory hints or cues, but no physical assistance, and a score of 3 will be given if the driver completes the task without help. Scores will be added together for a possible total from 23 to 69.

    Time frame: This outcome measure will be assessed at each of 4 training sessions, which may take up to one year to complete.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Perception of Virtual Reality Training System

    Qualitative feedback on the participants' experience with VRSim 3.0 will be obtained to inform future software development using a semi-structured interview as well as a Virtual Experience Test (VET) survey. The semi-structured interview will contain open-ended questions aimed at exploring usability factors that may be barriers or facilitators to the use of VR for PWC driving training. The VET is a validated survey instrument that will be used to measure the virtual environment experience. It will contain 17 questions based on based upon five dimensions of experiential design: sensory, cognitive, affective, active, and relational. The survey questions will be scored from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

    Time frame: This outcome measure will be assessed at the completion of the study, which may take up to one year to complete.

  2. Simulator Sickness

    Participants in the virtual reality group will be given a Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) at the beginning and end of each training session to assess the degree of simulator sickness induced by the gaming platform. The SSQ contains 16 questions based on symptoms of simulator sickness, and participants will rate each symptom as either none, slight, moderate, or severe.

    Time frame: This outcome measure will be assessed at the beginning and end of 4 training sessions, which may take up to one year to complete.

  3. Perceived Workload of Training

    Participants will be given a NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) survey to assess perceived workload at the end of each training session. The NASA-TLX contains 6 questions to assess workload on a scale from low to high.

    Time frame: This outcome measure will be assessed at each of 4 training sessions, which may take up to one year to complete.

  4. Power Wheelchair Driving Capacity

    Participants will be evaluated using the Power Mobility Screening Tool (PMST) to assess driving capacity. The PMST contains 5 questions based on motor, sensory, and cognitive skills. The questions will be scored from 1 to 3, and will be added together for a possible total from 5 to 15.

    Time frame: This outcome measure will be measured at the beginning and end of the study, which may take up to one year to complete.

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Study locations

1 site
  • Human Engineering Research Laboratories
    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206, United States
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References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 9, 2022, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03562455
Lead sponsor
University of Pittsburgh
Responsible party
Brad Dicianno (Associate Professor, University of Pittsburgh) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jun 19, 2018
Start date
Jun 19, 2018
Primary completion
Aug 2, 2019
Completion
Aug 2, 2019
Last update
Aug 9, 2022

Study contacts

Brad E Dicianno, MD
principal investigator · University of Pittsburgh

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Aug 2022. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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