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CompletedNCT03519711Updated Nov 14, 2023Results posted

A Study of PTC923 (CNSA-001) in Primary Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) Deficient Participants With Hyperphenylalaninemia

A Phase 1/2 interventional study of PTC923 in BH4 Deficiency and Hyperphenylalaninemia, sponsored by PTC Therapeutics. Completed at 4 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 12 Months and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-11-14.

Sponsored by PTC Therapeutics · Phase 1/2, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 1/2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
8
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
12 Months and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study has been designed to demonstrate the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and preliminary efficacy of PTC923 (CNSA-001) in reducing blood phenylalanine concentrations in participants with hyperphenylalaninemia due to primary BH4 deficiency (PBD).

Read the detailed description

BH4 is an essential cofactor for phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, fatty acid glycerylether oxygenase, and nitric oxide (NO) synthase. The PBD is caused by deficiency of GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTP-CH), 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS), or sepiapterin reductase (SR) that impairs the biosynthesis of BH4 or by defects in BH4 recycling (pterin-4a-carbinolamine dehydratase [PCD] or dihydropteridine reductase [DHPR] deficiency).

Participants will be randomized into one of 2 cohorts, with each cohort assessing 2 dose levels of PTC923 via intra-participant escalation.

02

Conditions studied

  • BH4 Deficiency
  • Hyperphenylalaninemia

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03

In context

Phenylketonurias

183 studies on the registry are indexed under Phenylketonurias; 38 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 8 is below the median of 25 across 114 interventional studies indexed under Phenylketonurias.

Browse Phenylketonurias studies →

Lead sponsor

PTC Therapeutics is the lead sponsor of 65 studies on the registry; 3 are open to participants now.

Of its 18 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 14 (78%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
12 Months and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Male or female participants 18 years old and above and 12 months old and above for the remaining participants (age reduction pending analysis of safety, PK, and response, in the adult participant(s) by the Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) and Food and Drug Administration [FDA])
  • Confirmed diagnosis of PBD as evidenced by medical history of biallelic pathogenic mutations in PTPS or recessive GTP-CH genes, abnormal enzymatic activity of the PTPS or GTP-CH enzymes, or a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemical profile indicative of PTPS or GTP-CH deficiencies
  • Informed consent and assent (if necessary) with parental consent
  • Females must be either postmenopausal for ≥1 year, or surgically sterile (tubal ligation, hysterectomy, or bilateral oophorectomy) for at least 6 months or, if of childbearing potential and not abstinent, willing to use at least 2 of the following highly effective methods of contraception (including adolescents 12 to 18 years old) from screening through 30 days after the last dose of study drug:

    • Hormonal contraception (stable dose for 3 months)
    • Intrauterine device/intrauterine hormone-releasing system
    • Barrier contraceptive method (diaphragm, cervical cap, contraceptive sponge, condom) with spermicidal foam/gel/cream/suppository Males and females who are abstinent will not be required to use a second contraceptive method unless they become sexually active.
  • Males with female partners of childbearing potential must agree to use barrier contraceptive (that is, condom) with spermicidal foam from screening through 90 days after the last dose of study drug. Males must also refrain from sperm donations during this time period.
  • Females with a negative pregnancy test at screening and on Day 1 prior to dosing
  • Creatinine clearance (CrCl) >90 milliliters (mL)/minute (min) as estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation (≥18 years) or Schwartz-Lyon equation (≥12 months \<18 years)
  • The participant is clinically stable on therapy for management of their signs and symptoms of PBD as determined by the investigator.
  • The participant is willing and able to comply with the protocol.
  • No tobacco use (for example; cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco) for 2 weeks prior to the screening visit and willingness to abstain from these products through the last dose of study drug

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • PBD caused by biallelic pathogenic mutations in PCD, SR, DHPR, or single dominant mutations in GTP-CH
  • Significant chronic medical illness other than PBD, as determined by the investigator
  • Gastrointestinal disease (such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, etc.) that could affect the absorption of study drug
  • History of gastric surgery, including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery or an antrectomy with vagotomy, or gastrectomy
  • Inability to tolerate oral medication
  • History of allergies or adverse reactions to BH4 or related compounds, or any excipients in the study drug formulation
  • Any clinically significant medical or psychiatric condition or medical history, that in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with the participant's ability to participate in the study or increase the risk of participation for that participant
  • Known infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV)
  • Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) laboratory values >2 * the upper limit of normal (ULN)
  • Any other clinically significant laboratory abnormality unrelated to PBD at the screening visit or prior to the administration of the first dose of study drug, as determined by the investigator
  • Clinically significant cardiac arrhythmia at screening or prior to the first dose of study drug
  • QTcF (QT with Fridericia's correction) ≥460 milliseconds (msec) in males and ≥480 msec in females (based on the mean of triplicate measurements taken at screening)
  • Resting heart rate ≤40 or ≥110 beats/minute (bpm) for ages 12 and older, ≥130 bpm for ages 3 to 12, ≥150 bpm for ages 1 to 2 years, or resting blood pressure \<85/40 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or >150/90 mmHg at screening or prior to the first administration of study drug
  • Current participation in any other investigational drug study or participation within 30 days prior to screening
  • History of alcohol or drug abuse within last 6 months prior to screening or current evidence of substance dependence as determined by the investigator
  • Currently taking an antifolate including, but not limited to, methotrexate, pemetrexed, or trimetrexate
  • A female who is nursing or who is pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
  • The participant, in the opinion of the investigator, is unwilling or unable to adhere to the requirements of the study.
05

Study design

Phase
Phase 1 / Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
8 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Cohort 1: PTC923 2.5 and 10 mg/kg/day

    Participants will receive PTC923 suspension 2.5 milligrams (mg)/kilogram (kg)/day (dose divided in 2 for twice daily administration) orally for 7 days in Period 1, undergo a 3 (±1) day washout period, then escalate to a dose of 10 mg/kg/day (dose divided in 2 for twice daily administration) administered orally for 7 days in Period 2 (14 days total treatment).

    Drug: PTC923

  • Experimental
    Cohort 2: PTC923 5 and 20 mg/kg/day

    Participants will receive PTC923 suspension 5 mg/kg/day (dose divided in 2 for twice daily administration) orally for 7 days in Period 1, undergo a 3 (±1) day washout period, then escalate to a dose of 20 mg/kg/day (dose divided in 2 for twice daily administration) administered orally for 7 days in Period 2 (14 days total treatment).

    Drug: PTC923

Interventions

  • DrugPTC923

    PTC923 will be administered per dose and schedule specified in arm description.

    Also known as: CNSA-001, Sepiapterin

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)

    An adverse event (AE) was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. Serious adverse event (SAE) was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. AEs included both SAEs and non-serious AEs. TEAEs were defined as AEs that commenced or worsened after the first dose of study drug. A summary of other non-serious AEs and all SAEs, regardless of causality is located in the 'Reported AE section'.

    Time frame: From first dose of study drug (Day 1) up to 30 (±3) days after last dose of study drug (up to 50 days)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of PTC923 and Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)

    Time frame: Day 1 (pre-dose, within 30 minutes of dosing), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 hours postdose (prior to Day 1 evening dose), and 24 hours postdose (prior to Day 2 morning dose)

  2. Cmax of Phenylalanine (Phe) and Tyrosine (Tyr)

    Time frame: Day 1 (pre-dose, within 30 minutes of dosing), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 hours postdose (prior to Day 1 evening dose), 24 hours postdose (prior to Day 2 morning dose), 72 hours postdose (Day 4), on Day 7, and at the end of study (48 hours after last dose)

  3. Area Under the Curve From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC0-last) of PTC923 and BH4

    Time frame: Day 1 (pre-dose, within 30 minutes of dosing), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 hours postdose (prior to Day 1 evening dose), and 24 hours postdose (prior to Day 2 morning dose)

  4. AUC0-last of Phe and Tyr

    Time frame: Day 1 (pre-dose, within 30 minutes of dosing), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 hours postdose (prior to Day 1 evening dose), 24 hours postdose (prior to Day 2 morning dose), 72 hours postdose (Day 4), on Day 7, and at the end of study (48 hours after last dose)

  5. Time to Reach Cmax (Tmax) of PTC923 and BH4

    Time frame: Day 1 (pre-dose, within 30 minutes of dosing), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 hours postdose (prior to Day 1 evening dose), and 24 hours postdose (prior to Day 2 morning dose)

  6. Tmax of Phe and Tyr

    Time frame: Day 1 (pre-dose, within 30 minutes of dosing), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 hours postdose (prior to Day 1 evening dose), 24 hours postdose (prior to Day 2 morning dose), 72 hours postdose (Day 4), on Day 7, and at the end of study (48 hours after last dose)

  7. Change From Baseline (Day 1) in Plasma Phe Concentration at Day 7

    Time frame: Baseline (Day 1, pre-dose); Day 7

  8. Number of Participants With Phe Concentrations in Acceptable Treatment Range of 130 to 360 μmol/L at Day 7

    Time frame: Day 7

  9. Number of Participants With Normal Blood Phe Concentrations <130 μmol/L at Day 7

    Time frame: Day 7

07

Results

Posted Nov 14, 2023

Participant flow

Treatment Period 1 (7 Days)
Participant flow — Treatment Period 1 (7 Days)
MilestoneCohort 1: PTC923 2.5 and 10 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 5 and 20 mg/kg/Day
Started44
Received at least 1 dose of study drug44
Completed44
Not completed00
Treatment Period 2 (7 Days)
Participant flow — Treatment Period 2 (7 Days)
MilestoneCohort 1: PTC923 2.5 and 10 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 5 and 20 mg/kg/Day
Started44
Completed44
Not completed00

Outcome measures

PrimaryNumber of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)

An adverse event (AE) was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. Serious adverse event (SAE) was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. AEs included both SAEs and non-serious AEs. TEAEs were defined as AEs that commenced or worsened after the first dose of study drug. A summary of other non-serious AEs and all SAEs, regardless of causality is located in the 'Reported AE section'.

Time frame:
From first dose of study drug (Day 1) up to 30 (±3) days after last dose of study drug (up to 50 days)
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
ParticipantsCohort 1: PTC923 2.5 mg/kg/DayCohort 1: PTC923 10 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 5 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 20 mg/kg/Day
Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)2243
SecondaryMaximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of PTC923 and Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)
Time frame:
Day 1 (pre-dose, within 30 minutes of dosing), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 hours postdose (prior to Day 1 evening dose), and 24 hours postdose (prior to Day 2 morning dose)
Reported as:
Mean · nanograms (ng)/milliliter (mL)
Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of PTC923 and Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)
nanograms (ng)/milliliter (mL)Cohort 1: PTC923 2.5 mg/kg/DayCohort 1: PTC923 10 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 5 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 20 mg/kg/Day
PTC923—1.110 ± 0.40310.533 ± 0.50332.120 ± 0.5292
BH419.455 ± 19.3731109.375 ± 58.944048.200 ± 20.1570275.030 ± 42.7941
SecondaryCmax of Phenylalanine (Phe) and Tyrosine (Tyr)
Time frame:
Day 1 (pre-dose, within 30 minutes of dosing), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 hours postdose (prior to Day 1 evening dose), 24 hours postdose (prior to Day 2 morning dose), 72 hours postdose (Day 4), on Day 7, and at the end of study (48 hours after last dose)
Reported as:
Mean · micromoles (µmol)/liter (L)
Cmax of Phenylalanine (Phe) and Tyrosine (Tyr)
micromoles (µmol)/liter (L)Cohort 1: PTC923 2.5 mg/kg/DayCohort 1: PTC923 10 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 5 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 20 mg/kg/Day
Phe939.35 ± 1059.225725.98 ± 883.4111420.30 ± 487.712991.63 ± 555.802
Tyr157.15 ± 31.229152.98 ± 22.314173.40 ± 42.981178.13 ± 48.925
SecondaryArea Under the Curve From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC0-last) of PTC923 and BH4
Time frame:
Day 1 (pre-dose, within 30 minutes of dosing), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 hours postdose (prior to Day 1 evening dose), and 24 hours postdose (prior to Day 2 morning dose)
Reported as:
Mean · hours*ng/mL
Area Under the Curve From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC0-last) of PTC923 and BH4
hours*ng/mLCohort 1: PTC923 2.5 mg/kg/DayCohort 1: PTC923 10 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 5 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 20 mg/kg/Day
PTC923—2.532 ± 2.2370—5.605 ± 1.0517
BH472.826 ± 62.8038457.330 ± 204.2517221.358 ± 82.62011158.337 ± 227.0332
SecondaryAUC0-last of Phe and Tyr
Time frame:
Day 1 (pre-dose, within 30 minutes of dosing), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 hours postdose (prior to Day 1 evening dose), 24 hours postdose (prior to Day 2 morning dose), 72 hours postdose (Day 4), on Day 7, and at the end of study (48 hours after last dose)
Reported as:
Mean · hours*µmol/L
AUC0-last of Phe and Tyr
hours*µmol/LCohort 1: PTC923 2.5 mg/kg/DayCohort 1: PTC923 10 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 5 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 20 mg/kg/Day
Phe3636.030 ± 4275.95931877.091 ± 1633.86363655.897 ± 1239.84992086.787 ± 871.7262
Tyr883.337 ± 65.2122836.526 ± 143.48991037.085 ± 346.73251023.856 ± 368.7586
SecondaryTime to Reach Cmax (Tmax) of PTC923 and BH4
Time frame:
Day 1 (pre-dose, within 30 minutes of dosing), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 hours postdose (prior to Day 1 evening dose), and 24 hours postdose (prior to Day 2 morning dose)
Reported as:
Median · hours
Time to Reach Cmax (Tmax) of PTC923 and BH4
hoursCohort 1: PTC923 2.5 mg/kg/DayCohort 1: PTC923 10 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 5 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 20 mg/kg/Day
PTC923—1.000 (0.50 to 2.03)1.000 (0.00 to 1.02)1.000 (0.98 to 2.00)
BH44.017 (3.87 to 5.88)3.050 (2.00 to 4.05)4.000 (2.00 to 6.03)4.017 (2.00 to 4.05)
SecondaryTmax of Phe and Tyr
Time frame:
Day 1 (pre-dose, within 30 minutes of dosing), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 hours postdose (prior to Day 1 evening dose), 24 hours postdose (prior to Day 2 morning dose), 72 hours postdose (Day 4), on Day 7, and at the end of study (48 hours after last dose)
Reported as:
Median · hours
Tmax of Phe and Tyr
hoursCohort 1: PTC923 2.5 mg/kg/DayCohort 1: PTC923 10 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 5 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 20 mg/kg/Day
Phe0.250 (0.00 to 0.50)0.517 (0.00 to 8.17)0.000 (0.00 to 0.00)0.000 (0.00 to 0.00)
Tyr4.992 (3.87 to 7.37)4.025 (4.00 to 8.17)4.000 (4.00 to 7.03)2.000 (2.00 to 7.05)
SecondaryChange From Baseline (Day 1) in Plasma Phe Concentration at Day 7
Time frame:
Baseline (Day 1, pre-dose); Day 7
Reported as:
Mean · μmol/L
Change From Baseline (Day 1) in Plasma Phe Concentration at Day 7
μmol/LCohort 1: PTC923 2.5 mg/kg/DayCohort 1: PTC923 10 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 5 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 20 mg/kg/Day
Baseline884.20 ± 975.507675.68 ± 842.5791516.98 ± 442.673971.48 ± 455.598
Change at Day 7-812.25 ± 967.423-622.02 ± 840.853-1428.19 ± 531.327-913.63 ± 448.282
SecondaryNumber of Participants With Phe Concentrations in Acceptable Treatment Range of 130 to 360 μmol/L at Day 7
Time frame:
Day 7
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Phe Concentrations in Acceptable Treatment Range of 130 to 360 μmol/L at Day 7
ParticipantsCohort 1: PTC923 2.5 mg/kg/DayCohort 1: PTC923 10 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 5 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 20 mg/kg/Day
Number of Participants With Phe Concentrations in Acceptable Treatment Range of 130 to 360 μmol/L at Day 70000
SecondaryNumber of Participants With Normal Blood Phe Concentrations <130 μmol/L at Day 7
Time frame:
Day 7
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With Normal Blood Phe Concentrations <130 μmol/L at Day 7
ParticipantsCohort 1: PTC923 2.5 mg/kg/DayCohort 1: PTC923 10 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 5 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 20 mg/kg/Day
Number of Participants With Normal Blood Phe Concentrations <130 μmol/L at Day 74434

Adverse events

Collected over From first dose of study drug (Day 1) up to 30 (±3) days after last dose of study drug (up to 50 days). Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Cohort 1: PTC923 2.5 mg/kg/Day0/4 (0%)0/4 (0%)2/4 (50%)
Cohort 1: PTC923 10 mg/kg/Day0/4 (0%)0/4 (0%)2/4 (50%)
Cohort 2: PTC923 5 mg/kg/Day0/4 (0%)0/4 (0%)4/4 (100%)
Cohort 2: PTC923 20 mg/kg/Day0/4 (0%)0/4 (0%)3/4 (75%)
Most frequent other events
Showing 10 of 23
Most frequent other events
EventCohort 1: PTC923 2.5 mg/kg/DayCohort 1: PTC923 10 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 5 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 20 mg/kg/Day
Psychomotor hyperactivityNervous system disorders0/42/40/40/4
VomitingGastrointestinal disorders1/41/41/41/4
Abdominal painGastrointestinal disorders1/40/40/40/4
ConstipationGastrointestinal disorders0/40/41/40/4
DiarrhoeaGastrointestinal disorders0/40/41/41/4
Faeces discolouredGastrointestinal disorders0/41/40/40/4
FlatulenceGastrointestinal disorders0/40/41/40/4
RetchingGastrointestinal disorders0/40/41/40/4
FatigueGeneral disorders1/41/40/41/4
ThirstGeneral disorders0/41/40/40/4

Baseline characteristics

The Safety population included all randomized participants who received any amount of study drug.

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Cohort 1: PTC923 2.5 and 10 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 5 and 20 mg/kg/DayTotal
Mean11.75 ± 5.12311.55 ± 8.78611.65 ± 6.659
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Cohort 1: PTC923 2.5 and 10 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 5 and 20 mg/kg/DayTotal
Female123
Male325
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Cohort 1: PTC923 2.5 and 10 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 5 and 20 mg/kg/DayTotal
Hispanic or Latino011
Not Hispanic or Latino437
Unknown or Not Reported000
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Cohort 1: PTC923 2.5 and 10 mg/kg/DayCohort 2: PTC923 5 and 20 mg/kg/DayTotal
American Indian or Alaska Native000
Asian112
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander000
Black or African American000
White336
More than one race000
Unknown or Not Reported000
08

Study locations

4 sites
  • University of Minnesota
    Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
  • UT Southwestern
    Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
  • University of Utah Hospital
    Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, United States
  • Marshfield Clinic
    Marshfield, Wisconsin 54449, United States
09

References and documents

Study documents

  • Study protocol · May 13, 2020
  • Statistical analysis plan · Nov 9, 2020

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

10

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Nov 14, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03519711
Lead sponsor
PTC Therapeutics
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
May 9, 2018
Start date
Jan 3, 2019
Primary completion
Oct 2, 2020
Completion
Oct 2, 2020
Results posted
Nov 14, 2023
Last update
Nov 14, 2023

Study contacts

Neil Smith, PharmD
study director · Censa Pharmaceuticals

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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