CClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03490682VGObstetricUpdated Sep 4, 2025

Gastric Emptying During the Labour

An interventional study of Ultrasound assessment of gastric emptying of a flavoured yoghourt. in Pregnancy, Healthy Volunteers and Parturition, sponsored by Hospices Civils de Lyon. Completed at 1 site in France. Open to female participants aged 18 Years to 40 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-09-04.

Sponsored by Hospices Civils de Lyon · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
43
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
18 Years to 40 Years
Sex
Female
01

Study summary

Current recommendations permit the ingestion of all clear fluids (water, apple juice, black coffee..) during labour. However, regarding food during labour, the recommendations vary. British and European guidelines permit the ingestion of low-residue food during labour whilst guidelines from the United States prohibit having any solid food during labour. The reason for this variation in recommendations is the lack of data on gastric emptying during labour with a conservative approach adopted due to the fear of delayed gastric emptying increasing the risk of regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration in the case of general anaesthesia. This study aims, therefore, to evaluate if the gastric emptying of a light meal is slowed down during labour, using a validated, non-invasive ultrasound method, in four groups of women : Women in labour with epidural analgesia (Analgesia group), women in labor without any epidural analgesia (Parturient group), women in the third trimester of pregnancy (Pregnant group) and women who are not currently pregnant (Non-pregnant control group). The investigator propose the hypothesis that the gastric emptying of a light, solid meal is slowed by 30% during labour under epidural analgesia.

02

Conditions studied

  • Pregnancy
  • Healthy Volunteers
  • Parturition
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 40 Years
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

Informed consent must have been signed. The last consumption of solids will have taken place more than 6 hours before the start of the study, the last consumption of clear fluids will have taken place more than 1 hour before the start of the study, in the three groups.

  • Non-pregnant control group : adult females less than 40 years old with no significant medical history (American Society of Anesthesiologists ASA class 1)
  • Pregnant group : adult females less than 40 years old with no significant medical history (American Society of Anesthesiologists ASA class 1) in the third trimester of pregnancy (gestation greater than 32 weeks on the day of the study).
  • Analgesia group : adult females less than 40 years old with no significant medical history (American Society of Anesthesiologists ASA class 1, in labour in the delivery room, receiving effective epidural analgesia, having an empty stomach on the initial ultrasound examination, and authorised to ingest solid foods during labour (cervical dilatation strictly less than 8cm) according to local guidelines.
  • Parturient group : adult females less than 35 years old with no significant medical history (American Society of Anesthesiologists ASA class 1, in labour in the delivery room, no epidural analgesia, having an empty stomach on the initial ultrasound examination, and authorised to ingest solid foods during labour (cervical dilatation strictly less than 8cm) according to local guidelines

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Refusal to participate in this study
  • Patient unable to speak French
  • Oesophageal, duodenal or gastric medical or surgical history Pregnant group : Threatened premature labour, multiple pregnancy, pathological pregnancy

Analgesia and Parturient groups :

  • gestation less than 38 weeks
  • multiple pregnancy
  • All pathology of the pregnancy or complication during labour
  • Delivery
  • Patient admission for therapeutic interruption of the pregnancy
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
43 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Non-pregnant control

    adult females aged less than 40 years, not currently pregnant, without significant medical history (American Society of Anesthesiologists ASA 1), fasting for at least 6 hours for solids and 1 hour for clear fluids.

    Other: Ultrasound assessment of gastric emptying of a flavoured yoghourt.

  • Active comparator
    Pregnant control

    adult females aged less than 40 years, pregnant in the third trimester (gestation greater than 32 weeks on the day of the study) according to dates and the calculation of term established at the start of the pregnancy by an obstetrician, without significant medical history (American Society of Anesthesiologists ASA 1), fasting for at least 6 hours for solids and I hour for clear fluids.

    Other: Ultrasound assessment of gastric emptying of a flavoured yoghourt.

  • Experimental
    Analgesia

    adult females aged less than 40 years, without significant medical history (American Society of Anesthesiologists ASA 1), in labour in the delivery suite, with a working epidural, having consumed solid food more than 6 hours before inclusion in the study and clear fluids more than 1 hour before inclusion in the study, and allowed to ingest solids during labour (cervical dilatation strictly less than 8cm) conforming to local protocols.

    Other: Ultrasound assessment of gastric emptying of a flavoured yoghourt.

  • Experimental
    Parturient

    adult females aged less than 35 years, without significant medical history (American Society of Anesthesiologists ASA 1), in labour in the delivery suite, without any epidural analgesia, having consumed solid food more than 6 hours before inclusion in the study and clear fluids more than 1 hour before inclusion in the study, and allowed to ingest solids during labour (cervical dilatation strictly less than 8cm) conforming to local protocols.

    Other: Ultrasound assessment of gastric emptying of a flavoured yoghourt.

Interventions

  • OtherUltrasound assessment of gastric emptying of a flavoured yoghourt.

    Each participant will be placed on a table, in the semi-recumbent position with elevation of the head at 45° and a first ultrasound examination will be performed. After that, the participant will be invited to eat a test meal (flavoured yoghurt) in 5 minutes. An ultrasound examination of the antrum allowing measurement of the antral area will be performed at 15, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the end of the ingestion of the test meal. The participant must stay in the semi-recumbent position during the total duration of the study. The non-invasive ultrasound measurement, of the antral cross-sectional area is performed using a Sonosite ultrasound equiped with a 2 -5.5MHz probe. The diameters (longitudinal D1 and anteroposterior D2) of the antrum are measured in the sagittal plane passing by the abdominal aorta and the left lobe of the liver. The value of the antral cross-sectional area is given by the formula : Antral area = π x D1 x D2 / 4.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. determination of the rate of gastric emptying of a light meal in the 3 groups of women

    The rate of gastric emptying will be calculated using the following formula : Rate = \[(Antral area at 90 min / Antral area at 15 min)-1\] x 100

    Time frame: 15 min after the ingestion of a flavoured yoghurt

  2. determination of the rate of gastric emptying of a light meal in the 3 groups of women

    The rate of gastric emptying will be calculated using the following formula : Rate = \[(Antral area at 90 min / Antral area at 15 min)-1\] x 100

    Time frame: 90 min after the ingestion of a flavoured yoghurt

Secondary outcomes

  1. Comparison of the rate of gastric emptying between the Control group and the Pregnancy group

    The rate of gastric emptying will be calculated using the following formula : Rate = \[(Antral area at 90 min / Antral area at 15 min)-1\] x 100

    Time frame: 15 min after the ingestion of a flavoured yoghurt

  2. Comparison of the rate of gastric emptying between the Control group and the Pregnancy group

    The rate of gastric emptying will be calculated using the following formula : Rate = \[(Antral area at 90 min / Antral area at 15 min)-1\] x 100

    Time frame: 90 min after the ingestion of a flavoured yoghurt

  3. Calculation of the sonographic rate of gastric emptying in the three groups of women.

    In each group, the rate of gastric emptying will be calculated using the following formula : Rate = \[(Antral area at 60 min / Antral area at 15 min)-1\] x 100

    Time frame: 15 min after the ingestion of a flavoured yoghurt

  4. Calculation of the sonographic rate of gastric emptying in the three groups of women.

    In each group, the rate of gastric emptying will be calculated using the following formula : Rate = \[(Antral area at 60 min / Antral area at 15 min)-1\] x 100

    Time frame: 60 min after the ingestion of a flavoured yoghurt

  5. The rate of women having an empty stomach after the ingestion of the test meal in each group.

    Empty stomach will be defined by the lack of ultrasound visualization of any content in the semirecumbent position with antral area ≤ 505 mm² in groups Parturient and Pregnancy, and by the lack of visualization of any content with antral area ≤ 340 mm² in the Control group, 90 and 120 min after ingestion of the test meal.

    Time frame: 90 min

  6. The rate of women having an empty stomach after the ingestion of the test meal in each group.

    Empty stomach will be defined by the lack of ultrasound visualization of any content in the semirecumbent position with antral area ≤ 505 mm² in groups Parturient and Pregnancy, and by the lack of visualization of any content with antral area ≤ 340 mm² in the Control group, 90 and 120 min after ingestion of the test meal.

    Time frame: 120 min

  7. Comparison of the rate of gastric emptying between the Analgesia group and the Parturient group

    The rate of gastric emptying will be calculated using the following formula : Rate = \[(Antral area at 90 min / Antral area at 15 min)-1\] x 100

    Time frame: 15 min after the ingestion of a flavoured yoghurt

  8. Comparison of the rate of gastric emptying between the Analgesia group and the Parturient group

    The rate of gastric emptying will be calculated using the following formula : Rate = \[(Antral area at 90 min / Antral area at 15 min)-1\] x 100

    Time frame: 90 min after the ingestion of a flavoured yoghurt

06

Study locations

1 site
  • Hospices Civils de Lyon
    Bron, 69500, France
07

References and documents

Publications

  • Bouvet L, Schulz T, Piana F, Desgranges FP, Chassard D. Pregnancy and Labor Epidural Effects on Gastric Emptying: A Prospective Comparative Study. Anesthesiology. 2022 Apr 1;136(4):542-550. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000004133. PubMed 35103759 ↗
08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03490682
Lead sponsor
Hospices Civils de Lyon
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Apr 6, 2018
Start date
May 17, 2018
Primary completion
Nov 11, 2021
Completion
Nov 11, 2021
Last update
Sep 4, 2025

Study contacts

Lionel BOUVET, MD
principal investigator · Hospices Civils de Lyon

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Aug 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion