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CompletedNCT03445975BathingUpdated Feb 26, 2018

Washcloths Effectiveness in Preventing Pressure Ulcers

An interventional study of 3-in-1 perineal care washcloths in Pressure Ulcer and Skin Ulcer, sponsored by Ospedale San Donato. Completed at 1 site in Italy. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2018-02-26.

Sponsored by Ospedale San Donato · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 1 year after the study started (first participant enrolled Feb 2017, registered Feb 2018).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
240
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 15 studies in Pressure Ulcer with a site in Italy — 2 open to participants now, 2 under way, none of them phase 3. Pressure Ulcer · Italy.

Enrollment
6th of 12
240 · median 220
Started
2017
with 3 others
No phase
10 of 15
1 open now
Registered
8th of 15
by date

Among the 15 studies in Pressure Ulcer with a site in Italy, this one is the 6th largest by enrollment of the 12 interventional ones, is one of 4 that started in 2017, is one of 10 with no phase, and was the 8th registered.

By phase

15 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.

No phasethis study10 · 1 open
Observational3 · 1 open
Phase 31 · 0 open
Phase 41 · 0 open

By the year they started

First in 2009; this study’s year is marked. 4 started in 2017.

Size and results

Median enrollment 220 across the 12 interventional studies, 565 across the 3 observational. Of the 12 that completed or were terminated, 3 (25%) have results posted.

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Watch this landscapeDownload CSVWith an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 15 studies in Pressure Ulcer with a site in Italy, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

A monocentric cluster-crossover design has been used in this study to test the effectiveness of a 3-in-1 perineal care washcloth versus standard of care (e.g., water and pH neutral soap) to prevent and treat pressure ulcers in ICUs.

Read the detailed description

This study had a cluster-crossover design, where each of the two involved ICUs was the cluster. The genaral aim was to test the effectiveness of a 3-in-1 perineal care washcloth versus standard of care (e.g., water and pH neutral soap) to prevent and treat pressure ulcers in ICUs. The study has been articulated in two phases, lasted three months each. In the first phase, from the 1st of February to the 2nd of May, the 3-in-1 perineal care washcloth procedure has been adopted by the ICU of San Donato Hospital (Milan, Italy), while the Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit (CVICU) continued to adopt the standard procedure (water and pH neutral soap). In the second phase, from the 2nd of May to 31st of July, the two procedures have been switched between the two wards.

Adult patients (aged over 18 years old) requiring personal hygiene care (total or perineal) in ICU and CVICU of San Donato Hospital have been enrolled. Patients who present allergic reactions or sensitivity to the experimental procedure have been excluded. All the longitudinal data related to the presence/grading of pressure ulcer (PU) at every hygiene care (total or perineal) performed on the patients in ICU and CVICU have been collected.

The primary endpoint of the study is represented by PU during the hospitalization in ICUs, whis is expected to be reduced from 10% in the experimental clusters. A sample size composed by 240 patients (120 patients/group) has been calculated, following methodological approach for difference between proportions. The sample size was calculated to be representative in observing a 10% decrease in the onset of PU, with a 80% power and an alpha error equal to 0.05. This approach led to the detection of a clinical relevant difference to compare the effectiveness between the two different procedures.

Data collected for the study were recorded on data-collection sheets in hard copy format. Data were also collected after every hygiene procedure on patient-related characteristics, skin condition and general clinical status.

The comparison between the two clusters (i.e. ICU and CVICU) will be performed using Student's t-test for the continuous variables and the χ2 for the categorical ones. Treatment effectiveness will be evaluated through the difference between proportions of IAD and PU in Period 1 and Period 2. A decrease in the onset of IAD and PU is expected as the main endpoint, considering a 95% confidence interval. The data will be compared using generalized estimating equation (GEE). The variables that might have an influence on the prevalence/incidence measures (i.e., patient's characteristics and ICUs management/staffing) will be monitored. The Period will be considered a "within" factor and the procedure/cluster a "between" factor. The α significance level will be preventively set at 5%.

Data have been stored to a master file on the San Donato Hospital server. This is password-protected and only available to the Principal Investigator user. On completion of the project, identifying data have been removed from all the record.

03

Conditions studied

  • Pressure Ulcer
  • Skin Ulcer
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • All patients (real-world)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Under 18 yo
  • Patients who present allergic reactions or sensitivity to the experimental procedure
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
240 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Experimental

    The 3-in-1 perineal care washcloth procedure has been adopted to deliver hygiene care (total or perineal) or baths

    Procedure: 3-in-1 perineal care washcloths

  • No intervention
    standard

    The deliver of hygiene care (total or perineal) or baths has been performed using water and pH neutral soap

Interventions

  • Procedure3-in-1 perineal care washcloths

    The 3-in-1 washcloth was used for daily routine perineal skin hygiene and after each diaper/underpad change. This procedure was intended for cleansing, moisturizing, and application of a barrier protection (dimeticone 3%). 3-in1 washcloths pH range is 3.5 to 5.0.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Pressure Ulcer

    To describe the impact of 3-in-1 washcloths on pressure ulcers. Pressure ulcers are assessed using the classification proposed by the US-National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP)

    Time frame: 6 months

07

Study locations

1 site
  • IRCCS Policlinico San Donato
    San Donato Milanese, MI - Milano 20097, Italy
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Beeckman D, Verhaeghe S, Defloor T, Schoonhoven L, Vanderwee K. A 3-in-1 perineal care washcloth impregnated with dimethicone 3% versus water and pH neutral soap to prevent and treat incontinence-associated dermatitis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2011 Nov-Dec;38(6):627-34. doi: 10.1097/WON.0b013e31822efe52. PubMed 21952346 ↗
  • Bliss DZ, Zehrer C, Savik K, Smith G, Hedblom E. An economic evaluation of four skin damage prevention regimens in nursing home residents with incontinence: economics of skin damage prevention. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2007 Mar-Apr;34(2):143-52; discussion 152. doi: 10.1097/01.WON.0000264825.03485.40. PubMed 17413828 ↗
  • Truong B, Grigson E, Patel M, Liu X. Pressure Ulcer Prevention in the Hospital Setting Using Silicone Foam Dressings. Cureus. 2016 Aug 8;8(8):e730. doi: 10.7759/cureus.730. PubMed 27630803 ↗
  • Harris PN, Le BD, Tambyah P, Hsu LY, Pada S, Archuleta S, Salmon S, Mukhopadhyay A, Dillon J, Ware R, Fisher DA. Antiseptic Body Washes for Reducing the Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A Cluster Crossover Study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2015 May 22;2(2):ofv051. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofv051. eCollection 2015 Apr. PubMed 26125031 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Feb 2017 to primary completion in Jul 2017, 5 months.

Of 179 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Pressure Ulcer, half reached primary completion within 11 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 28. This study's 5 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 209 studies reached it within 11 months; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 28.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Feb 15, 2018
First posted
Feb 26, 2018
StartActual
Feb 1, 2017
Primary completionActual
Jul 31, 2017
CompletionActual
Jul 31, 2017
Last update
Feb 26, 2018
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Feb 26, 2018, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03445975
Lead sponsor
Ospedale San Donato
Responsible party
Rosario Caruso (Head of Health Professions Research and Development Unit, Ospedale San Donato) — Principal investigator
First posted
Feb 26, 2018
Start date
Feb 1, 2017
Primary completion
Jul 31, 2017
Completion
Jul 31, 2017
Last update
Feb 26, 2018

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Feb 2018. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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