A Phase 2 interventional study of Palovarotene 2.5 mg and Palovarotene 5.0 mg in Exostoses, Multiple Hereditary, sponsored by Clementia Pharmaceuticals Inc.. Terminated at 31 sites in 12 countries. Open to participants aged 2 Years to 14 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2022-08-01.
Sponsored by Clementia Pharmaceuticals Inc. · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment
This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing the safety and efficacy of 2 dosage regimens of palovarotene versus placebo in preventing disease progression in pediatric subjects with multiple osteochondromas (MO).
Multiple osteochondromas is a rare condition where children develop multiple benign cartilage-capped bony tumors called osteochondromas on bones throughout the body, resulting in pain, deformity, limb length discrepancy, disability, and eventually arthritis and possible malignancy. The primary objective is to compare the efficacy of two dosage regimens of palovarotene with placebo to prevent the formation of new osteochondromas in pediatric MO subjects with exostosin 1 or exostosin 2 gene mutations. Osteochondroma formation was assessed by whole body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Secondary efficacy objectives were to compare the effects of palovarotene with placebo on the volume of osteochondromas as assessed by MRI; the proportion of subjects with no new osteochondromas as assessed by whole-body MRI; the annualized rate of new or worsening deformities; the annualized rate of MO-related surgeries; and palatability. The overall safety and pharmacokinetics of palovarotene and the effects of palovarotene on linear growth, bone growth plates, bone mineral density, quality of life, and pain due to osteochondromas was also studied.
Key Inclusion Criteria:
Key Exclusion Criteria:
Drug: Palovarotene 2.5 mg
Drug: Palovarotene 5.0 mg
Other: Placebo
Subjects received a weight-adjusted dose equivalent of 2.5 mg palovarotene, once daily, for up to 24 months.
Subjects received a weight-adjusted dose equivalent of 5.0 mg palovarotene, once daily, for up to 24 months.
Subjects received placebo, once daily, for up to 24 months.
Annualized Rate of New Osteochondromas (OCs)
The annualized rate of new OCs was assessed by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (that is, the total number of new OCs divided by the time in years between the baseline and latest post-baseline MRI).
Time frame: Month 12
Mean Change From Baseline in the Total Volume of New OCs at Month 12
The change from baseline in the total volume of OCs was assessed by whole-body MRI. Baseline was defined as the last available value prior to first administration of study drug.
Time frame: Baseline (Day 1) and Month 12
Percentage of Participants With No New OCs
The percentage of participants with no new OCs as assessed by whole-body MRI. Participants with new OCs not identified by MRI due to surgical resection during the treatment period were categorized as having new OCs for this analysis.
Time frame: Month 12
Annualized Rate of New or Worsening Deformities
The annualized rate of new or worsening deformities as assessed by radiographic imaging of both upper and lower limbs.
Time frame: Month 12
Annualized Rate of MO-Related Surgeries
The MO-related surgeries included any procedure indicated for the treatment of MO, such as an excision of a symptomatic OC or correction of a limb deformity.
Time frame: Month 12
Maximum Observed Plasma Drug Concentrations at Steady State (Cmax,ss) of Palovarotene
The Cmax,ss of palovarotene was evaluated. The pharmacokinetic (PK) sampling was performed at Month 1. If samples could not be obtained at Month 1, then one additional attempt was made at a subsequent visit.
Time frame: Month 1: pre-dose and 3, 6, 10 and 24 hours post-dose
Minimum Observed Plasma Drug Concentrations at Steady State (Cmin,ss) of Palovarotene
The Cmin,ss of palovarotene was evaluated. The PK sampling was performed at Month 1. If samples could not be obtained at Month 1, then one additional attempt was made at a subsequent visit.
Time frame: Month 1: pre-dose and 3, 6, 10 and 24 hours post-dose
Time to Maximum Observed Drug Concentration at Steady State (Tmax,ss) of Palovarotene
The Tmax,ss of palovarotene was evaluated. The PK sampling was performed at Month 1. If samples could not be obtained at Month 1, then one additional attempt was made at a subsequent visit.
Time frame: Month 1: pre-dose and 3, 6, 10 and 24 hours post-dose
Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve at Steady State From Time 0 to 24 Hours After Dosing (AUC0-24,ss) of Palovarotene
The AUC0-24,ss of palovarotene was evaluated. The PK sampling was performed at Month 1. If samples could not be obtained at Month 1, then one additional attempt was made at a subsequent visit.
Time frame: Month 1: pre-dose and 3, 6, 10 and 24 hours post-dose
Number of Participants With Palatability of Sprinkled Palovarotene and Placebo
Palatability of palovarotene and placebo when sprinkled on specific foods as assessed with a 5-point hedonic face scale at the first dose (Day 1) and at Month 1 in all participants (including \<4 years old) who sprinkled the palovarotene or placebo onto a spoonful of specific foods. The hedonic face scale ranges from 1 to 5 where, 1= dislike very much, 2= dislike slightly, 3= neither like nor dislike, 4= like slightly, 5= like very much. Higher scores indicate positive outcome.
Time frame: Day 1 and Month 1
This Phase 2 placebo-controlled study was conducted in pediatric participants with multiple osteochondromas (MO) at 29 study sites in 11 countries between 22 March 2018 and 30 October 2020. For sites in the European Union, participants from 7 to \<15 years of age were enrolled first and participants from 2 to \<7 years of age were enrolled after the 6-month bone safety data from at least 20 skeletally immature participants.
| Milestone | Placebo | Palovarotene 2.5 mg | Palovarotene 5.0 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| Started | 62 | 66 | 65 |
| Completed | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Not completed | 62 | 66 | 65 |
| Withdrew: Sponsor request | 55 | 60 | 54 |
| Withdrew: Lost to follow-up | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Withdrew: Adverse event | 0 | 1 | 0 |
The annualized rate of new OCs was assessed by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (that is, the total number of new OCs divided by the time in years between the baseline and latest post-baseline MRI).
| number of new OCs per year | Placebo | Palovarotene 2.5 mg | Palovarotene 5.0 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annualized Rate of New Osteochondromas (OCs) | 0.119 (0.031 to 0.461) | 0.363 (0.148 to 0.888) | 0.172 (0.073 to 0.404) |
The change from baseline in the total volume of OCs was assessed by whole-body MRI. Baseline was defined as the last available value prior to first administration of study drug.
| cubic millimeter | Placebo | Palovarotene 2.5 mg | Palovarotene 5.0 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Change From Baseline in the Total Volume of New OCs at Month 12 | 10476.7 ± 23294.9 | 5250.5 ± 11754.7 | 10911.0 ± 35869.6 |
The percentage of participants with no new OCs as assessed by whole-body MRI. Participants with new OCs not identified by MRI due to surgical resection during the treatment period were categorized as having new OCs for this analysis.
| percentage of participants | Placebo | Palovarotene 2.5 mg | Palovarotene 5.0 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Participants With No New OCs | 62.5 | 47.1 | 56.5 |
The annualized rate of new or worsening deformities as assessed by radiographic imaging of both upper and lower limbs.
| number of deformities per year | Placebo | Palovarotene 2.5 mg | Palovarotene 5.0 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annualized Rate of New or Worsening Deformities | 1.797 (1.272 to 2.537) | 1.802 (1.209 to 2.684) | 1.895 (1.584 to 2.266) |
The MO-related surgeries included any procedure indicated for the treatment of MO, such as an excision of a symptomatic OC or correction of a limb deformity.
| number of MO-related surgeries per year | Placebo | Palovarotene 2.5 mg | Palovarotene 5.0 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annualized Rate of MO-Related Surgeries | 2.087 (1.099 to 3.964) | 3.454 (1.850 to 6.451) | 2.231 (1.638 to 3.038) |
The Cmax,ss of palovarotene was evaluated. The pharmacokinetic (PK) sampling was performed at Month 1. If samples could not be obtained at Month 1, then one additional attempt was made at a subsequent visit.
| nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) | Palovarotene 2.5 mg | Palovarotene 5.0 mg |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum Observed Plasma Drug Concentrations at Steady State (Cmax,ss) of Palovarotene | 18.0 ± 50.2 | 34.9 ± 63.3 |
The Cmin,ss of palovarotene was evaluated. The PK sampling was performed at Month 1. If samples could not be obtained at Month 1, then one additional attempt was made at a subsequent visit.
| ng/mL | Palovarotene 2.5 mg | Palovarotene 5.0 mg |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum Observed Plasma Drug Concentrations at Steady State (Cmin,ss) of Palovarotene | 0.314 ± 86.1 | 0.674 ± 83.3 |
The Tmax,ss of palovarotene was evaluated. The PK sampling was performed at Month 1. If samples could not be obtained at Month 1, then one additional attempt was made at a subsequent visit.
| hour | Palovarotene 2.5 mg | Palovarotene 5.0 mg |
|---|---|---|
| Time to Maximum Observed Drug Concentration at Steady State (Tmax,ss) of Palovarotene | 3.00 (2.47 to 10.00) | 3.01 (2.42 to 24.25) |
The AUC0-24,ss of palovarotene was evaluated. The PK sampling was performed at Month 1. If samples could not be obtained at Month 1, then one additional attempt was made at a subsequent visit.
| hour*ng/mL | Palovarotene 2.5 mg | Palovarotene 5.0 mg |
|---|---|---|
| Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve at Steady State From Time 0 to 24 Hours After Dosing (AUC0-24,ss) of Palovarotene | 112 ± 29.1 | 241 ± 42.7 |
Palatability of palovarotene and placebo when sprinkled on specific foods as assessed with a 5-point hedonic face scale at the first dose (Day 1) and at Month 1 in all participants (including \<4 years old) who sprinkled the palovarotene or placebo onto a spoonful of specific foods. The hedonic face scale ranges from 1 to 5 where, 1= dislike very much, 2= dislike slightly, 3= neither like nor dislike, 4= like slightly, 5= like very much. Higher scores indicate positive outcome.
| Participants | Placebo | Palovarotene 2.5 mg | Palovarotene 5.0 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 — Dislike very much | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Day 1 — Dislike a little | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Day 1 — Not sure | 6 | 3 | 3 |
| Day 1 — Like a little | 3 | 5 | 3 |
| Day 1 — Like very much | 11 | 5 | 5 |
| Month 1 — Dislike very much | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Month 1 — Dislike a little | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Month 1 — Not sure | 5 | 1 | 3 |
| Month 1 — Like a little | 8 | 5 | 1 |
| Month 1 — Like very much | 6 | 8 | 6 |
Collected over Treatment-emergent adverse events were to be collected from the start of the first study drug (Day 1) up to 7 days after last study drug intake, assessed until data cut-off for study termination (maximum of 595 days).. Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | 0/62 (0%) | 0/62 (0%) | 41/62 (66.1%) |
| Palovarotene 2.5 mg | 0/66 (0%) | 2/66 (3%) | 56/66 (84.8%) |
| Palovarotene 5.0 mg | 0/65 (0%) | 2/65 (3.1%) | 56/65 (86.2%) |
| Event | Placebo | Palovarotene 2.5 mg | Palovarotene 5.0 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blood Loss AnaemiaBlood and lymphatic system disorders | 0/62 | 0/66 | 1/65 |
| Status EpilepticusNervous system disorders | 0/62 | 0/66 | 1/65 |
| PneumoniaInfections and infestations | 0/62 | 1/66 | 0/65 |
| Radius FractureInjury, poisoning and procedural complications | 0/62 | 1/66 | 0/65 |
| Ulna FractureInjury, poisoning and procedural complications | 0/62 | 1/66 | 0/65 |
| Event | Placebo | Palovarotene 2.5 mg | Palovarotene 5.0 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| RashSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | 7/62 | 17/66 | 25/65 |
| Dry SkinSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | 7/62 | 16/66 | 19/65 |
| Lip DryGastrointestinal disorders | 3/62 | 6/66 | 11/65 |
| PyrexiaGeneral disorders | 0/62 | 3/66 | 9/65 |
| PruritusSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | 6/62 | 8/66 | 7/65 |
| ArthralgiaMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | 7/62 | 3/66 | 1/65 |
| VomitingGastrointestinal disorders | 2/62 | 3/66 | 7/65 |
| HeadacheNervous system disorders | 6/62 | 4/66 | 3/65 |
| Rash GeneralisedSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | 2/62 | 3/66 | 5/65 |
| NasopharyngitisInfections and infestations | 3/62 | 3/66 | 5/65 |
The Safety set included randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug.
| Age, Continuous(years) | Placebo | Palovarotene 2.5 mg | Palovarotene 5.0 mg | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 7.9 ± 2.5 | 7.8 ± 3.1 | 7.4 ± 3.1 | 7.7 ± 2.9 |
| Age, Customized(Participants) | Placebo | Palovarotene 2.5 mg | Palovarotene 5.0 mg | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 to 5 years | 13 | 17 | 19 | 49 |
| 6 to 10 years | 38 | 33 | 35 | 106 |
| 11 to 14 years | 11 | 16 | 11 | 38 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Placebo | Palovarotene 2.5 mg | Palovarotene 5.0 mg | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 23 | 26 | 27 | 76 |
| Male | 39 | 40 | 38 | 117 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized(Participants) | Placebo | Palovarotene 2.5 mg | Palovarotene 5.0 mg | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 48 | 50 | 52 | 150 |
| Black Or African American | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| Asian | 5 | 3 | 3 | 11 |
| American Indian Or Alaska Native | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Multiple | 6 | 7 | 5 | 18 |
| Other | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Missing | 3 | 3 | 2 | 8 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized(Participants) | Placebo | Palovarotene 2.5 mg | Palovarotene 5.0 mg | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hispanic or Latino | 6 | 7 | 7 | 20 |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 56 | 58 | 57 | 171 |
| Missing | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
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Osteochondroma
Clementia Pharmaceuticals Inc.