An interventional study of Sweet food consumption and Non-sweet food consumption in Repeated Sweet Food Consumption, sponsored by Bournemouth University. Completed at 1 site in United Kingdom. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-09-23.
Sponsored by Bournemouth University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science
This study will assess the impact of repeated sweet breakfast consumption versus repeated non-sweet breakfast consumption on subsequent sweet and non-sweet food preferences and intakes
Participants will be randomized to receive either sweet or non-sweet breakfasts for three consecutive weeks, and impacts on food preferences and intakes will be assessed at baseline (day 0), after 1 week (day 7), and after three weeks (day 21). Preferences for sweet and non-sweet foods will be assessed during two taste tests at each assessment time, where six different foods will be rated. Sweet and non-sweet food consumption will also be measured at two meals at each assessment time - breakfast and lunch. Identical buffet meals composed of sweet and non-sweet foods suitable for consumption at breakfast and lunch will be provided ad-libitum. Intervention breakfasts will only be consumed on the days between test days.
Inclusion Criteria:
Sweet breakfasts. Participants are asked to consume a sweet breakfast every day for three weeks (excepting on three days when outcomes will be assessed (days 0, 7 and 21, day 21 reported). All foods will be provided.
Behavioral: Sweet food consumption
Non-sweet breakfasts. Participants are asked to consume a non-sweet breakfast every day for three weeks (excepting on three days when outcomes will be assessed (days 0, 7 and 21, day 21 reported). All foods will be provided.
Behavioral: Non-sweet food consumption
Sweet food consumption at breakfast
Non-sweet food consumption at breakfast
Food Preferences
Ratings of three sweet and three non-sweet foods during a taste test at breakfast. Ratings measured using 100mm VAS scales for different hedonic factors - pleasure, sweetness, desire to eat). Scores range from 0-100 where 0=least and 100=greatest for each hedonic factor. Assessments made on Day 0, 7 and 21, Day 21 reported.
Time frame: 3 weeks from baseline
Food Intake
Amount of sweet and non-sweet foods consumed during breakfast on test days (days 0, 7 and 21, day 21 reported)
Time frame: 3 weeks from baseline
Hunger Ratings
Ratings of subjective perceptions (two meals). Ratings measured using 100mm VAS scales for different subjective factors - hunger, thirst, fullness. Scores range from 0-100 where 0=least and 100=greatest for each subjective factor. Assessments made on Day 0, 7 and 21, Day 21 reported.
Time frame: 3 weeks from baseline
Food Preferences at Lunch
Ratings of three sweet and three non-sweet foods during a taste test at lunch. Measures are the same as those used at breakfast. Ratings measured using 100mm VAS scales for different hedonic factors - pleasure, sweetness, desire to eat). Scores range from 0-100 where 0=least and 100=greatest for each hedonic factor. Assessments made on Day 0, 7 and 21, Day 21 reported.
Time frame: 3 weeks from baseline
Food Intake at Lunch
Amount of sweet and non-sweet foods consumed during lunch on test days (days 0, 7 and 21, day 21 reported).
Time frame: 3 weeks from baseline
| Milestone | Sweet Food Consumption | Non-sweet Food Consumption |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 27 | 27 |
| Completed | 23 | 25 |
| Not completed | 4 | 2 |
| Withdrew: Scheduling clash | 3 | 1 |
| Withdrew: Illness unrelated to study | 1 | 1 |
Ratings of three sweet and three non-sweet foods during a taste test at breakfast. Ratings measured using 100mm VAS scales for different hedonic factors - pleasure, sweetness, desire to eat). Scores range from 0-100 where 0=least and 100=greatest for each hedonic factor. Assessments made on Day 0, 7 and 21, Day 21 reported.
| units on a scale | Sweet Food Consumption | Non-sweet Food Consumption |
|---|---|---|
| Sweet foods | 73 ± 3.1 | 68 ± 4.0 |
| Non-sweet foods | 54 ± 3.6 | 50 ± 3.8 |
Amount of sweet and non-sweet foods consumed during breakfast on test days (days 0, 7 and 21, day 21 reported)
| percentage of total food consumed | Sweet Food Consumption | Non-sweet Food Consumption |
|---|---|---|
| Percent weight consumed from sweet foods | 28.5 ± 3 | 36 ± 4 |
| Percent energy consumed from sweet foods | 37 ± 4 | 39 ± 4 |
Ratings of subjective perceptions (two meals). Ratings measured using 100mm VAS scales for different subjective factors - hunger, thirst, fullness. Scores range from 0-100 where 0=least and 100=greatest for each subjective factor. Assessments made on Day 0, 7 and 21, Day 21 reported.
| units on a scale | Sweet Food Consumption | Non-sweet Food Consumption |
|---|---|---|
| Hunger | 72 ± 19 | 68 ± 24 |
| Fullness | 15 ± 11 | 20 ± 30 |
| Thirst | 65 ± 30 | 67 ± 27 |
Ratings of three sweet and three non-sweet foods during a taste test at lunch. Measures are the same as those used at breakfast. Ratings measured using 100mm VAS scales for different hedonic factors - pleasure, sweetness, desire to eat). Scores range from 0-100 where 0=least and 100=greatest for each hedonic factor. Assessments made on Day 0, 7 and 21, Day 21 reported.
| units on a scale | Sweet Food Consumption | Non-sweet Food Consumption |
|---|---|---|
| Sweet foods | 70 ± 15 | 67 ± 21 |
| Non-sweet foods | 54 ± 21 | 52 ± 18 |
Amount of sweet and non-sweet foods consumed during lunch on test days (days 0, 7 and 21, day 21 reported).
| percentage of total food consumed | Sweet Food Consumption | Non-sweet Food Consumption |
|---|---|---|
| Percent weight consumed from sweet foods | 27 ± 17 | 32 ± 19 |
| Percent energy consumed from sweet foods | 33 ± 17 | 37 ± 22 |
Collected over 3 weeks. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sweet Food Consumption | 0/27 (0%) | 0/27 (0%) | 0/27 (0%) |
| Non-sweet Food Consumption | 0/27 (0%) | 0/27 (0%) | 0/27 (0%) |
| Age, Continuous(years) | Sweet Food Consumption | Non-sweet Food Consumption | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 24.2 ± 7.0 | 23.5 ± 4.4 | 23.9 ± 5.8 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Sweet Food Consumption | Non-sweet Food Consumption | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 18 | 18 | 36 |
| Male | 9 | 9 | 18 |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected(Participants) | Sweet Food Consumption | Non-sweet Food Consumption | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Count of participants | — | — | 0 |
| Region of Enrollment(participants) | Sweet Food Consumption | Non-sweet Food Consumption | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 27 | 27 | 54 |
| BMI(kg/m^2) | Sweet Food Consumption | Non-sweet Food Consumption | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 24.0 ± 3.9 | 23.2 ± 3.2 | 23.6 ± 3.5 |
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Plan to share: Yes — The full study protocol is currently available from the PI on reasonable request. All generated data will be available from the PI, following completion and publication of the work on reasonable request.
Supporting information: Study protocol, Sap
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Bournemouth University