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WithdrawnNCT03437330Updated May 16, 2024

Empagliflozin Effect on Glucose Toxicity

A Phase 4 interventional study of Empagliflozin (Jardiance®) and Insulin Glargine (Lantus®) in Type2 Diabetes Mellitus, sponsored by University Hospital Tuebingen. Withdrawn at 2 sites in Germany. Open to participants aged 40 Years to 70 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-05-16.

Sponsored by University Hospital Tuebingen · Phase 4, Interventional, and Treatment

Why this study was withdrawn
poor recruitment
Phase
Phase 4
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
0
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
40 Years to 70 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Empagliflozin effect on glucose toxicity in type 2 diabetes patients - a randomized, open-label, controlled, parallel group, exploratory study

Read the detailed description

The EMPA-REG outcome trial showed that empagliflozin on top of standard therapy for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) resulted in superiority in terms of the primary composite cardiovascular endpoint (hazard ratio (1) = 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74-0.99; P value = 0.04), hospitalization for heart failure (-35%), cardiovascular mortality (-38%) and all-cause mortality (-32%, each p \< 0.001) (2). This reduction in mortality is not fully explained by the reduction in HbA1c, body weight, waist circumference and blood pressure in the empagliflozin groups versus the placebo group. Differences in mode of action of empagliflozin compared to standard therapy might, thus, help to explain why empagliflozin was so efficient in reducing cardiovascular death.

The aim of the present study is to provide evidence for a reduction of skeletal muscle H2O2 levels, and consequently improvement in mitochondrial function, and restored methylation pattern of key transcription factors in skeletal muscle from patients with T2DM when treated with empagliflozin versus insulin glargine as the prototypical medication favoring glucose uptake into tissues. It is hypothesized that empagliflozin compared to insulin specifically reduces H2O2 concentrations in skeletal muscle of patients with T2DM, because it leads to excretion of glucose and lower glucose uptake in skeletal muscle (22), while insulin shifts the major part of excess glucose into skeletal muscle cells.

02

Conditions studied

  • Type2 Diabetes Mellitus
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
40 Years to 70 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

Subjects must fulfill all of the following criteria before inclusion in the study:

  • The informed consent form must be signed before any study specific tests or procedures are done
  • Male or female patients aged between 40 and 70 years (including) at the first screening visit
  • Patients diagnosed with T2DM
  • HbA1c between 7-9% (including)
  • Stable treatment with antidiabetic drugs over the last 4 weeks
  • Accepted background medication:

    • Metformin up to 2000 mg per day and/or
    • DPP-IV inhibitors:

Linagliptin up to 5 mg per day Sitagliptin up to 100 mg per day Vildagliptin up to 100 mg per day Saxagliptin up to 5 mg per day

  • Body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 40 kg/m2 (including)
  • Ability to understand and follow study-related instructions
  • No clinical relevant abnormalities during ECG and cardiac examinations

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

Subjects are to be excluded from the study if they display any of the following criteria:

  • Unstable Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction or stroke within 1 year before inclusion in the study
  • History of atrial fibrillation
  • Uncontrolled arterial hypertension (> 160/100 mmHg in three subsequent measurements - mean value)
  • eGFR \< 60 ml/min/1.73 m2
  • Macroalbuminuria defined as ≥ 300 mg albumin / 24h urine
  • Triglyceride > 250 mg/dl
  • Genetic muscle disease
  • Known coagulation disorder
  • Treatment with anti-platelet therapy and anticoagulation which cannot be paused for medical reasons
  • Treatment with anticoagulants within 7 days prior to the muscle biopsy
  • Contraindications according to the local SmPC of Lantus® or Jardiance® (see Appendix 1)
  • History of hypersensitivity to any of the study drugs or their ingredients or to drugs with similar structure or to the local anesthetic scandicaine or lidocaine
  • Addiction or other diseases that preclude the patient from appropriately assessing the nature and scope as well as possible consequences of the clinical study
  • Pregnant or breast-feeding women
  • Women of childbearing potential unless women who meet the following criteria:

    • Post-menopausal (12 months natural amenorrhea or 6 months amenorrhea with serum follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH] > 40 U/mL)
    • Postoperatively (six weeks after bilateral ovariectomy with or without hysterectomy)
    • Regular and correct use of a contraceptive method with error rate \<1% per year such as implants, depot injections, oral contraceptives or intrauterine devices
    • Sexual abstinence
    • Vasectomy of the partner
  • Males must agree not to father a child and to refrain from donating semen or sperm while participating in the study and for 90 days following discontinuation from this study
04

Study design

Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
0 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Empagliflozin (Jardiance®)

    Dose/frequency: 10 mg once daily for 12 weeks Route of administration: oral

    Drug: Empagliflozin (Jardiance®)

  • Active comparator
    Insulin Glargine (Lantus®)

    Thus, insulin glargine doses should be adapted as follows: FBG 6-7 mmol/L: +2 IU FBG 7-8 mmol/L: +3 IU FBG \> 8 mmol/L: +5 IU

    Drug: Insulin Glargine (Lantus®)

Interventions

  • DrugEmpagliflozin (Jardiance®)

    Empagliflozin Dose/frequency: 10 mg once daily for 12 weeks Route of administration: oral Reference group: Insulin glargine (Lantus®) Dose/frequency: see below FBG 6-7 mmol/L: +2 IU (stop when FBG is reduced by 0.5 mmol/L or documented hypoglycemia \< 3.9 mmol/L occurs) FBG 7-8 mmol/L: +4 IU (stop when FBG is reduced by 1.0 mmol/L or documented hypoglycemia \< 3.9 mmol/L occurs) FBG \> 8 mmol/L: +6 IU (stop when FBG is reduced by 1.5 mmol/L or documented hypoglycemia \< 3.9 mmol/L occurs)

  • DrugInsulin Glargine (Lantus®)

    insulin glargine shall be titrated according to the following scheme: If FBG 6-7 mmol/L: reduce fasting glucose by 0.5 mmol/L If FBG 7-8 mmol/L: reduce fasting glucose by 0.75 mmol/L If FBG 8-9 mmol/L: reduce fasting glucose by 1.0 mmol/L Thus, insulin glargine doses should be adapted as follows: FBG 6-7 mmol/L: +2 IU (stop when FBG is reduced by 0.5 mmol/L or documented hypoglycemia \< 3.9 mmol/L occurs) FBG 7-8 mmol/L: +3IU (stop when FBG is reduced by 0.75 mmol/L or documented hypoglycemia \< 3.9 mmol/L occurs) FBG \> 8 mmol/L: +5 IU (stop when FBG is reduced by 1.0mmol/L or documented hypoglycemia \< 3.9 mmol/L occurs)

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in skeletal muscle H202 concentration between baseline and end of treatment (EoT)

    The primary objective is to investigate the change in H2O2 concentration as a read out of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in skeletal muscle biopsies from T2DM patients before and after treatment with empagliflozin or insulin glargine.

    Time frame: 12 weeks

Secondary outcomes

  1. Secondary objectives of the study are to evaluate the effect of empagliflozin and insulin glargine on glucose toxicity in skeletal muscle by investigating

    Change in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function (O2consumption) between baseline and EoT

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  2. Change in skeletal muscle lipid peroxidation

    Change in skeletal muscle lipid peroxidation between baseline and EoT

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  3. Change in 24-hour urinary excretion rate of 8-iso PGF2a

    Change in 24-hour urinary excretion rate of 8-iso PGF2a between baseline and EoT

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  4. • Difference in DNA methylation pattern

    • Difference in DNA methylation pattern between the treatment groups at EoT

    Time frame: 12 weeks

  5. Change in plasma FFA levels

    Change in plasma FFA levels between baseline and end of trial

    Time frame: 12 weeks

06

Study locations

2 sites
  • University Hospital
    Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
  • German Diabetes Center, Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf
    Duesseldorf, North Rhine Westphalia 40225, Germany
07

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03437330
Lead sponsor
University Hospital Tuebingen
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Feb 19, 2018
Start date
Oct 27, 2021
Primary completion
May 3, 2023
Completion
May 3, 2023
Last update
May 16, 2024

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
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