CClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03320057Updated Jul 12, 2021Results posted

Medication Abortion Via Pharmacy Dispensing

A Phase 4 interventional study of Mifepristone and Training on mifepristone dispensing in Pregnancy Related and Abortion Early, sponsored by Daniel Grossman. Completed at 6 sites in United States. Open to female participants aged 15 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-07-12.

Sponsored by Daniel Grossman · Phase 4, Interventional, and Health services research

Phase
Phase 4
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
326
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
15 Years and older
Sex
Female
01

Study summary

This mixed-methods study follows a prospective cohort of patients receiving Mifeprex ® (mifepristone) for medication abortion dispensed by pharmacists after undergoing standard clinical evaluation. Women participating in this study will obtain mifepristone and misoprostol from the pharmacy instead of in the clinic. To assess feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of pharmacy dispensing of mifepristone, the study will survey patients, evaluate their clinical outcomes from electronic health records, and survey and interview pharmacists at study sites.

Read the detailed description

Improving access to and efficiency of abortion provision is important for patients and providers. The Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) requires that Mifeprex ® ( mifepristone) be dispensed only from a doctor's office, clinic or hospital (not from a pharmacy by prescription) by a certified health care provider and the health care provider must obtained a signed Patient Agreement Form before dispensing mifepristone. Data are needed to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of pharmacy dispensing of mifepristone. In order to address the study question, a mixed methods study design is appropriate. To assess feasibility, the study will collect data on pharmacists' satisfaction with dispensing mifepristone. To assess acceptability, qualitative data will be collected from pharmacists about their perspectives on dispensing Mifeprex before and after the study, as well as measure patient satisfaction through open-ended and close-ended survey questions. To assess effectiveness of the pharmacy dispensing model, the study will evaluate clinical outcomes from electronic health records. The proposed feasibility study would take place at sites in California and Washington states.

02

Conditions studied

  • Pregnancy Related
  • Abortion Early

Keywords

  • medication abortion
  • mifepristone
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
15 Years and older
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Eligibility criteria

Patient Inclusion Criteria:

  • Women seeking medication abortion through 70 days gestation
  • Eligible for Mifeprex® at a study clinical site
  • English or Spanish speaking
  • Willing and able to participate in the study, including willing to go to the study pharmacy to obtain mifepristone

Patient Exclusion Criteria:

  • Not pregnant
  • Not seeking medication abortion
  • Under the age of 15
  • Contraindications for medication abortion

    • All pharmacists providing services at one of the study pharmacies during the study are eligible for the pharmacist survey and interview.
04

Study design

Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Health services research
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
326 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Medication abortion patients

    Oral mifepristone 200 mg, followed by misoprostol 800 mcg administered buccally (at 24-48 hours following mifepristone) or vaginally (as soon as 6 hours following mifepristone)

    Drug: Mifepristone

  • Other
    Pharmacists

    Pharmacists providing services at one of the study pharmacies during the study

    Other: Training on mifepristone dispensing

Interventions

  • DrugMifepristone

    Patients will receive Mifeprex® (mifepristone) by pharmacy rather than standard care at clinic visit

  • OtherTraining on mifepristone dispensing

    Pharmacists were offered a training on medication abortion and mifepristone dispensing

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Number of Pharmacists Who Objected to Participate in Dispensing Mifeprex

    Number of pharmacists who objected to participate in dispensing Mifeprex at least once during the study period. This includes pharmacists who declined participation in the study training on medication abortion due to discomfort as well as pharmacists who participated in the training but declined to dispense Mifeprex.

    Time frame: End of the study, month 24

  2. Number of Pharmacists Who Report Being Satisfied With Pharmacy Dispensing of Mifeprex

    Number of pharmacists who report being "somewhat satisfied" or "very satisfied" when asked "Overall, how satisfied are you with mifepristone dispensing at your pharmacy?" in endline survey

    Time frame: End of the study, month 24

Secondary outcomes

  1. Number of Participants Who Report Being Satisfied With Obtaining Mifeprex in the Pharmacy

    Number of participants who report being "somewhat satisfied" or "very satisfied" when asked "Overall, how satisfied were you with your experience at the pharmacy when you got the abortion pill?"

    Time frame: Day 2 following initial medication abortion visit

  2. Number of Participants With a Complete Abortion With Medication Alone and Who do Not Require a Surgical Procedure to Complete the Abortion

    Number of participants who report that their "abortion is now complete and they are no longer pregnant" and who did not "end up having a suction procedure (or vacuum aspiration or dilation and curettage procedure) to complete the abortion"

    Time frame: Up to 6 weeks after initial visit

  3. Number of Participants With an Adverse Event

    Number of participants who had a medical problem that required them to go to the hospital, emergency department or a doctor's office (other than regularly scheduled follow-up visit) since receiving the abortion pill

    Time frame: Up to 6 weeks after initial visit

  4. Difference in Pharmacists' Mean Knowledge Score Related to Medication Abortion

    Difference in pharmacists' mean knowledge score related to medication abortion. Knowledge scores were based on a set of 15 statements or questions related to medication abortion for which respondents selected answer(s) from multiple choice response options. Topics included medication abortion dosing regimen, biological processes during medication abortion, clinical outcomes, and federal and state policies relating to medication abortion. For pharmacists who had completed at least 50% of the items, we calculated their average number of correct responses among completed items, as a proportion of correct answers, ranging from 0-1, with 1 meaning 100% correct. All questions or statements included an "I don't know" response option, which we coded as incorrect. Higher scores mean a higher level of knowledge.

    Time frame: Before and after the intervention, approximately month 1 and month 18 of the study to assess differences in knowledge

06

Results

Posted Jul 12, 2021
Limitations and caveats
We aimed to recruit 300-350 patients for this study. We had to stop recruitment early because of the COVID-19 pandemic, reaching 89% of our planned minimum sample size.

Participant flow

Patient Recruitment: Study recruitment began in July 2018 and was halted before reaching our desired sample size in March 2020 owing to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which limited the ability to have research staff in clinical facilities and lengthen patient visits for the purposes of research consent. Pharmacist Recruitment: We invited all pharmacists providing services at the study pharmacies to participate in the study and dispense mifepristone to study patients.

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneMedication Abortion PatientsPharmacist Providing Services at One of the Study Pharmacies During the Study
Started26660
Patient's clinical outcome information obtained2620
Received pharmacist training056
Pharmacists completed baseline survey047
Completed26043
Not completed617
Withdrew: Lost to follow-up417
Withdrew: Did not take mifepristone or misoprostol20

Outcome measures

PrimaryNumber of Pharmacists Who Objected to Participate in Dispensing Mifeprex

Number of pharmacists who objected to participate in dispensing Mifeprex at least once during the study period. This includes pharmacists who declined participation in the study training on medication abortion due to discomfort as well as pharmacists who participated in the training but declined to dispense Mifeprex.

Time frame:
End of the study, month 24
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Pharmacists Who Objected to Participate in Dispensing Mifeprex
ParticipantsPharmacists
Number of Pharmacists Who Objected to Participate in Dispensing Mifeprex4
PrimaryNumber of Pharmacists Who Report Being Satisfied With Pharmacy Dispensing of Mifeprex

Number of pharmacists who report being "somewhat satisfied" or "very satisfied" when asked "Overall, how satisfied are you with mifepristone dispensing at your pharmacy?" in endline survey

Time frame:
End of the study, month 24
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Pharmacists Who Report Being Satisfied With Pharmacy Dispensing of Mifeprex
ParticipantsPharmacists
Number of Pharmacists Who Report Being Satisfied With Pharmacy Dispensing of Mifeprex36
SecondaryNumber of Participants Who Report Being Satisfied With Obtaining Mifeprex in the Pharmacy

Number of participants who report being "somewhat satisfied" or "very satisfied" when asked "Overall, how satisfied were you with your experience at the pharmacy when you got the abortion pill?"

Time frame:
Day 2 following initial medication abortion visit
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants Who Report Being Satisfied With Obtaining Mifeprex in the Pharmacy
ParticipantsMedication Abortion Patients
Number of Participants Who Report Being Satisfied With Obtaining Mifeprex in the Pharmacy230
SecondaryNumber of Participants With a Complete Abortion With Medication Alone and Who do Not Require a Surgical Procedure to Complete the Abortion

Number of participants who report that their "abortion is now complete and they are no longer pregnant" and who did not "end up having a suction procedure (or vacuum aspiration or dilation and curettage procedure) to complete the abortion"

Time frame:
Up to 6 weeks after initial visit
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With a Complete Abortion With Medication Alone and Who do Not Require a Surgical Procedure to Complete the Abortion
ParticipantsMedication Abortion Patients
Number of Participants With a Complete Abortion With Medication Alone and Who do Not Require a Surgical Procedure to Complete the Abortion243
SecondaryNumber of Participants With an Adverse Event

Number of participants who had a medical problem that required them to go to the hospital, emergency department or a doctor's office (other than regularly scheduled follow-up visit) since receiving the abortion pill

Time frame:
Up to 6 weeks after initial visit
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Number of Participants With an Adverse Event
ParticipantsMedication Abortion Patients
Number of Participants With an Adverse Event4
SecondaryDifference in Pharmacists' Mean Knowledge Score Related to Medication Abortion

Difference in pharmacists' mean knowledge score related to medication abortion. Knowledge scores were based on a set of 15 statements or questions related to medication abortion for which respondents selected answer(s) from multiple choice response options. Topics included medication abortion dosing regimen, biological processes during medication abortion, clinical outcomes, and federal and state policies relating to medication abortion. For pharmacists who had completed at least 50% of the items, we calculated their average number of correct responses among completed items, as a proportion of correct answers, ranging from 0-1, with 1 meaning 100% correct. All questions or statements included an "I don't know" response option, which we coded as incorrect. Higher scores mean a higher level of knowledge.

Time frame:
Before and after the intervention, approximately month 1 and month 18 of the study to assess differences in knowledge
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Difference in Pharmacists' Mean Knowledge Score Related to Medication Abortion
score on a scalePharmacists
Baseline knowledge score0.51 ± 0.21
Endline knowledge score0.64 ± 0.24
Statistical analysis
  • Pharmacists · Regression, Linear · p = <0.05 · Beta coefficient: 0.14 · 95% CI 0.11 to 0.17Coefficients in adjusted analyses examining overall medication abortion knowledge represent the difference in mean knowledge scores between baseline and endline.

Adverse events

Collected over Patients: Up to 6 weeks after initial visit Pharmacists: study duration including training, mifepristone dispensing, survey data collection (approximately 24 months). Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Medication Abortion Patients0/260 (0%)0/260 (0%)4/260 (1.5%)
Pharmacists0/60 (0%)0/60 (0%)0/60 (0%)
Most frequent other events
Most frequent other events
EventMedication Abortion PatientsPharmacists
DehydrationGeneral disorders1/2600/60
Heavy uterine bleedingReproductive system and breast disorders1/2600/60
Pelvic Inflammatory DiseaseReproductive system and breast disorders1/2600/60
Swelling in cheeksSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders1/2600/60

Baseline characteristics

The baseline analysis population includes patient study participants having medication abortion and receiving mifepristone at a study pharmacy. Pharmacist participants are not reported here as baseline demographics were not collected from them.

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Medication Abortion Patients
Median28 (16 to 44)
Age, Customized
Age, Customized(Participants)Medication Abortion Patients
Age, Categorical — 16-20 years22
Age, Categorical — 21-24 years45
Age, Categorical — 25-29 years78
Age, Categorical — 30-34 years69
Age, Categorical — 35-44 years46
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Medication Abortion Patients
Female—
Male—
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity, Customized(Participants)Medication Abortion Patients
Race and ethnicity, Categorical — Non-Hispanic White99
Race and ethnicity, Categorical — Non-Hispanic Black29
Race and ethnicity, Categorical — Hispanic65
Race and ethnicity, Categorical — Asian or Pacific Islander45
Race and ethnicity, Categorical — Alaska Native or Native American2
Race and ethnicity, Categorical — Other and mixed race and ethnicity19
Race and ethnicity, Categorical — Missing1
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)Medication Abortion Patients
United States260
Education, Categorical
Education, Categorical(Participants)Medication Abortion Patients
High school or less39
Some college or professional school93
College degree90
Advanced degree28
Missing10
Relationship status, Categorical
Relationship status, Categorical(Participants)Medication Abortion Patients
Neither married nor in a relationship84
Married54
Committed relationship110
Missing12
Parity
Parity(Participants)Medication Abortion Patients
Nulliparous171
Parous89

3 further baseline measures are reported on the registry.

07

Study locations

6 sites
  • Obstetrics and Gynecology Family Planning Clinic at University of California Davis
    Sacramento, California 95817, United States
  • Women's Health Services at University of California San Diego
    San Diego, California 92103, United States
  • Kaiser Permanente Northern California
    San Francisco, California 94115, United States
  • Mt. Zion Women's Options Clinic, University
    San Francisco, California 94115, United States
  • University of Washington
    Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
  • Planned Parenthood Great Northwest, Hawai'i, Alaska, Indiana, Kentucky
    Tacoma, Washington 98405, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Kaller S, Morris N, Biggs MA, Baba CF, Rafie S, Raine-Bennett TR, Creinin MD, Berry E, Micks EA, Meckstroth KR, Averbach S, Grossman D. Pharmacists' knowledge, perspectives, and experiences with mifepristone dispensing for medication abortion. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2021 Nov-Dec;61(6):785-794.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2021.06.017. Epub 2021 Jun 18. PubMed 34281806 ↗
  • Grossman D, Baba CF, Kaller S, Biggs MA, Raifman S, Gurazada T, Rafie S, Averbach S, Meckstroth KR, Micks EA, Berry E, Raine-Bennett TR, Creinin MD. Medication Abortion With Pharmacist Dispensing of Mifepristone. Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Apr 1;137(4):613-622. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004312. PubMed 33706339 ↗

Study documents

  • Study protocol · Jan 9, 2020
  • Statistical analysis plan · May 1, 2021

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03320057
Lead sponsor
Daniel Grossman
Collaborators
University of California, San Diego, University of California, Davis, University of Washington, Kaiser Permanente, Planned Parenthood of the Great Northwest and Hawaiian Islands
Responsible party
Daniel Grossman (Professor in Dept ObGyn and Director of Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health, University of California, San Francisco) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Oct 25, 2017
Start date
Jun 1, 2018
Primary completion
Jul 4, 2020
Completion
Jul 4, 2020
Results posted
Jul 12, 2021
Last update
Jul 12, 2021

Study contacts

Daniel Grossman, MD
principal investigator · University of California, San Francisco

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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