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CompletedNCT03313128Updated Dec 26, 2025

SaniVac Trial - Sanitation and Oral Rotavirus Vaccine Performance

An observational study in Rotavirus Infections, Environmental Enteric Dysfunction and Enteric Infections, sponsored by London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Completed at 1 site in Mozambique. Open to female participants aged 16 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-12-26.

Sponsored by London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
261
Ages
16 Years and older
Sex
Female
01

Study summary

This is a controlled cohort study to assess the effect of improved sanitation on oral rotavirus vaccine performance in low-income urban neighbourhoods of Maputo, Mozambique. The specific hypotheses are that: (1) access to improved sanitation is associated with increased oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity; (2) enteric infection concurrent to oral rotavirus vaccination is associated with reduced oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity; and (3) Environmental Enteric Dysfunction is associated with reduced oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity.

Pregnant women will be enrolled from the intervention and control arms of a previous sanitation trial (NCT02362932) post-intervention and will be enrolled at no later than eight months' gestation and then followed to 4 months of age of the infant. Blood samples and faeces will be taken from the infant at the time of administration of the first dose of the oral rotavirus vaccine and four weeks after the second dose of the vaccine.

The primary outcome of interest in the study is oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity among participating vaccinated infants. Seroconversion is defined as a ≥ fourfold rise in serum anti-rotavirus IgA titers between first dose of oral RV vaccine and 4 weeks (+/- 1 week) after second dose of oral RV vaccine. Enteric infections are defined as the presence of ≥ 1 of the following enteric infections in stool: adenovirus 40/41, rotavirus A, norovirus GI/GII, Salmonella spp. (including serovars Typhi and Paratyphi), Campylobacter spp. (C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari), Shigella spp. (S. boydii, S. sonnei, S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae), Clostridium difficile Toxin A/B, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) LT/ST, E. coli O157, Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) stx1/stx2, Yersinia enterocolitica, Vibrio cholerae, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium spp. (C. parvum, C. hominis). Environmental Enteric Dysfunction is measured via a combined disease activity score including faecal markers of intestinal inflammation and permeability: neopterin, α-1 antitrypsin, and myeloperoxidase in stool.

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Conditions studied

  • Rotavirus Infections
  • Environmental Enteric Dysfunction
  • Enteric Infections

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
16 Years and older
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Probability sample

Study population

Pregnant women of gestational age between 3-9 months (and postpartum) residing in the historic intervention and control compounds of a previous sanitation trial (NCT02362932) and their descendant(s) [infant(s)] of that pregnancy.

Inclusion criteria

  1. Mother residing in an intervention or control compound of a previous sanitation trial (NCT02362932) for at least 6 months prior to recruitment and not intending to switch study compound over the next 9 months
  2. Mother being pregnant and having gestational age between 3 and 9 months or being puerperal (up to 40 days postpartum)
  3. Mother planning to use the prenatal care, delivery and vaccination services provided by the Ministry of Health of Mozambique
  4. Mother able to understand and complete the informed consent process and allow your newborn to participate in the study
  5. Mother at least 16 years of age
  6. Infant eligible to receive rotavirus vaccination

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria:

  1. Infant whose medical team considers that they cannot be part of the study
  2. Infant with complications associated with gestation, childbirth or postpartum, including congenital malformations
  3. Infant with any medical, psychiatric or social condition, occupational reason, or other responsibility on the part of the pregnant woman, which, in the opinion of the investigator, is a contraindication to protocol compliance or impedes the participant's ability to give informed consent
  4. Infant who has already received the rotavirus vaccine
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Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
261 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • Historic intervention

    Infants born into the historic intervention arm of sanitation trial (NCT02362932)

    Other: Sanitation

  • Historic control

    Infants born into the historic control arm of sanitation trial (NCT02362932)

Interventions

  • OtherSanitation

    Improved sanitation facility

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Oral rotavirus vaccine seroconversion

    Seroconversion is defined as a ≥ fourfold rise in serum anti-rotavirus IgA titers between first dose of oral RV vaccine and 4 weeks (+/- 1 week) after second dose of oral RV vaccine

    Time frame: Approx. 16 weeks age of infant (4 weeks after second dose of oral rotavirus vaccine)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Enteric infection

    Enteric infections are defined as the presence of ≥ 1 of the following enteric infections in stool: adenovirus 40/41, rotavirus A, norovirus GI/GII, Salmonella spp. (including serovars Typhi and Paratyphi), Campylobacter spp. (C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari), Shigella spp. (S. boydii, S. sonnei, S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae), Clostridium difficile Toxin A/B, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) LT/ST, E. coli O157, Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) stx1/stx2, Yersinia enterocolitica, Vibrio cholerae, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium spp. (C. parvum, C. hominis).

    Time frame: Approx. 8 weeks age of infant (date of first dose of oral rotavirus vaccine)

  2. Environmental Enteric Dysfunction

    EED is measured via a combined disease activity score including faecal markers of intestinal inflammation and permeability: neopterin, α-1-antitrypsin, and myeloperoxidase in stool.

    Time frame: Approx. 8 weeks age of infant (date of first dose of oral rotavirus vaccine)

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Study locations

1 site
  • Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Polana Caniço (CISPOC)
    Maputo, 264, Mozambique
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References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03313128
Lead sponsor
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Collaborators
Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Mozambique, Georgia Institute of Technology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Oct 18, 2017
Start date
Oct 5, 2017
Primary completion
Dec 12, 2024
Completion
Dec 12, 2024
Last update
Dec 26, 2025

Study contacts

Oliver D Cumming, MSc
principal investigator · London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Edna Viegas, MD
principal investigator · Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Polana Caniço (CISPOC)

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
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