A Phase 1 interventional study of Tolbutamide and Midazolam in Drug Interaction Potential, sponsored by Daiichi Sankyo. Completed at 11 sites in 4 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-05-14.
Sponsored by Daiichi Sankyo · Phase 1, Interventional, and Treatment
This study has two parts.
Part 1 will evaluate how pexidartinib affects the way the body processes CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 substrates using midazolam and tolbutamide, respectively, as probe agents.
Part 2 will test the efficacy and safety of pexidartinib treatment in various tumor types.
In Part 2, the same participants will continue to receive pexidartinib twice daily.
Participants will be allowed to continue using pexidartinib as long as the participant derives benefit.
Has a diagnosis of:
Is a non-sterile male or female willing to use of one of the protocol-defined highly effective contraception methods:
Exclusion Criteria:
Has any disease or condition that, per protocol or in the opinion of the investigator, might affect:
Part 1 (Drug-drug Interaction Phase): On Day 1, all participants will receive a single oral dose each of midazolam (2 mg) and tolbutamide (500 mg). On Day 3, pexidartinib (800 mg/d) in twice daily (400 mg BID) dosing will be initiated and continue throughout the remainder of Part 1 and into Part 2. On the first day of pexidartinib treatment (Day 3), a single dose of midazolam (2 mg) and tolbutamide (500 mg) will be co-administered with the morning pexidartinib dose (400 mg). On Day 13, a single dose of midazolam (2 mg) and tolbutamide (500 mg) will be co-administered with the morning dose of pexidartinib (400 mg). Part 2 (Efficacy and Safety Phase): All participants will continue to receive pexidartinib 400 mg BID.
Drug: Tolbutamide · Drug: Midazolam · Drug: Pexidartinib
Commercially available tolbutamide
Also known as: Orinase
Commercially available midazolam
Also known as: Dormicum, Hypnovel, Versed, Others
Pexidartinib is formulated as opaque, white, 200-mg capsules
Also known as: PLX-3397
Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) for Midazolam
Plasma samples for midazolam were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 hours (h) (±10 minutes up to 1 h, ±10% thereafter) on Days 1 to 3, and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 (to 5) and Days 13 (to 15).
Time frame: Baseline to 15 days post treatment
Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) for Tolbutamide
Plasma samples for tolbutamide were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 h (±10 min up to 1 h, ±10% thereafter) on Days 1 to 3, and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 (to 5) and Days 13 (to 15).
Time frame: Baseline to 15 days post treatment
Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Time to Maximum Concentration (Tmax) for Midazolam
Plasma samples for midazolam were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 hours (h) (±10 minutes up to 1 h, ±10% thereafter) on Days 1 to 3, and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 (to 5) and Days 13 (to 15).
Time frame: Baseline to 15 days post treatment
Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Time to Maximum Concentration (Tmax) for Tolbutamide
Plasma samples for tolbutamide were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 h (±10 min up to 1 h, ±10% thereafter) on Days 1 to 3, and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 (to 5) and Days 13 (to 15).
Time frame: Baseline to 15 days post treatment
Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Area Under the Curve to the Last Observable Concentration (AUClast) for Midazolam
Plasma samples for midazolam were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 hours (h) (±10 minutes up to 1 h, ±10% thereafter) on Days 1 to 3, and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 (to 5) and Days 13 (to 15).
Time frame: Baseline to 15 days post treatment
Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Area Under the Curve to the Last Observable Concentration (AUClast) for Tolbutamide
Plasma samples for tolbutamide were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 h (±10 min up to 1 h, ±10% thereafter) on Days 1 to 3, and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 (to 5) and Days 13 (to 15).
Time frame: Baseline to 15 days post treatment
Overall Summary of Treatment-emergent Adverse Events
Adverse events that emerge during treatment, having been absent pre-treatment, or worsens relative to the pre-treatment state.
Time frame: Baseline to 1 year post treatment
Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) for Pexidartinib and ZAAD-1006a Metabolite
Plasma samples for pexidartinib and its metabolite were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 (±1) h after the first dose on Day 3, and at steady state when co-administered with midazolam and tolbutamide on Day 13.
Time frame: Baseline to 13 days post treatment
Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Time to Maximum Concentration (Tmax) for Pexidartinib and ZAAD-1006a Metabolite
Plasma samples for pexidartinib and its metabolite were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 (±1) h after the first dose on Day 3, and at steady state when co-administered with midazolam and tolbutamide on Day 13.
Time frame: Baseline to 13 days post treatment
Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Area Under the Curve to the Last Observable Concentration (AUClast) for Pexidartinib and ZAAD-1006a Metabolite
Plasma samples for pexidartinib and its metabolite were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 (±1) h after the first dose on Day 3, and at steady state when co-administered with midazolam and tolbutamide on Day 13.
Time frame: Baseline to 13 days post treatment
Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) for Midazolam Metabolite, 1-Hydroxy Midazolam
Plasma samples for midazolam and 1-hydroxy midazolam were to be collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8 (±10 min up to 8 h), 10 (±2), 24 (±2), and 48 (±2) hours on Days 1 to 3 and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 to 5 and Days 13 to 15.
Time frame: Baseline to 13 days post treatment
Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Time to Maximum Concentration (Tmax) for Midazolam Metabolite, 1-Hydroxy Midazolam
Plasma samples for midazolam and 1-hydroxy midazolam were to be collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8 (±10 min up to 8 h), 10 (±2), 24 (±2), and 48 (±2) hours on Days 1 to 3 and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 to 5 and Days 13 to 15.
Time frame: Baseline to 13 days post treatment
Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Area Under the Curve to the Last Observable Concentration (AUClast) for Midazolam Metabolite, 1-Hydroxy Midazolam
Plasma samples for midazolam and 1-hydroxy midazolam were to be collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8 (±10 min up to 8 h), 10 (±2), 24 (±2), and 48 (±2) hours on Days 1 to 3 and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 to 5 and Days 13 to 15.
Time frame: Baseline to 13 days post treatment
Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Metabolite to Parent Ratio (MPR) for Midazolam
Plasma samples for midazolam were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 hours (h) (±10 minutes up to 1 h, ±10% thereafter) on Days 1 to 3, and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 (to 5) and Days 13 (to 15). Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters calculated for Midazolam metabolite. 1-hydroxy midazolam and midazolam for the MPR value.
Time frame: Baseline to 13 days post treatment
A total of 32 participants who met all inclusion and no exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study; 2 participants did not receive pexidartinib treatment.
| Milestone | Part 1: Drug-drug Interaction Phase | Part 2: Pexidartinib Only |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 32 | 0 |
| Completed | 26 | 0 |
| Not completed | 6 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Adverse event | 2 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Disease progression | 1 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Other | 3 | 0 |
| Milestone | Part 1: Drug-drug Interaction Phase | Part 2: Pexidartinib Only |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 0 | 26 |
| Completed | 0 | 24 |
| Not completed | 0 | 2 |
| Withdrew: Ongoing | 0 | 2 |
Plasma samples for midazolam were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 hours (h) (±10 minutes up to 1 h, ±10% thereafter) on Days 1 to 3, and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 (to 5) and Days 13 (to 15).
| ng/mL | Part 1: Midazolam Only | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Midazolam (Cycle 1, Day 1) | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Midazolam (Cycle 1, Day 11) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) for Midazolam | 13.6 ± 6.8 | 12.0 ± 4.9 | 9.7 ± 4.1 |
Plasma samples for tolbutamide were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 h (±10 min up to 1 h, ±10% thereafter) on Days 1 to 3, and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 (to 5) and Days 13 (to 15).
| ng/mL | Part 1: Tolbutamide Only | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Tolbutamide (Cycle 1, Day 1) | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Tolbutamide (Cycle 1, Day 11) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) for Tolbutamide | 44400 ± 13100 | 46700 ± 16300 | 44400 ± 12200 |
Plasma samples for midazolam were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 hours (h) (±10 minutes up to 1 h, ±10% thereafter) on Days 1 to 3, and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 (to 5) and Days 13 (to 15).
| hours | Part 1: Midazolam Only | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Midazolam (Cycle 1, Day 1) | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Midazolam (Cycle 1, Day 11) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Time to Maximum Concentration (Tmax) for Midazolam | 0.525 (0.333 to 1.37) | 0.5 (0.417 to 1.42) | 0.5 (0.333 to 0.917) |
Plasma samples for tolbutamide were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 h (±10 min up to 1 h, ±10% thereafter) on Days 1 to 3, and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 (to 5) and Days 13 (to 15).
| hours | Part 1: Tolbutamide Only | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Tolbutamide (Cycle 1, Day 1) | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Tolbutamide (Cycle 1, Day 11) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Time to Maximum Concentration (Tmax) for Tolbutamide | 2.90 (1 to 8.2) | 2.94 (1.52 to 8.08) | 3.17 (2.45 to 6.02) |
Plasma samples for midazolam were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 hours (h) (±10 minutes up to 1 h, ±10% thereafter) on Days 1 to 3, and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 (to 5) and Days 13 (to 15).
| ng*hour/mL | Part 1: Midazolam Only | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Midazolam (Cycle 1, Day 1) | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Midazolam (Cycle 1, Day 11) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Area Under the Curve to the Last Observable Concentration (AUClast) for Midazolam | 43.7 ± 34.1 | 31.6 ± 19.6 | 18.5 ± 8.2 |
Plasma samples for tolbutamide were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 h (±10 min up to 1 h, ±10% thereafter) on Days 1 to 3, and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 (to 5) and Days 13 (to 15).
| ng*hour/mL | Part 1: Tolbutamide Only | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Tolbutamide (Cycle 1, Day 1) | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Tolbutamide (Cycle 1, Day 11) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Area Under the Curve to the Last Observable Concentration (AUClast) for Tolbutamide | 500000 ± 196000 | 585000 ± 234000 | 700000 ± 207000 |
Adverse events that emerge during treatment, having been absent pre-treatment, or worsens relative to the pre-treatment state.
| Participants | Part 1: Drug-drug Interaction Phase | Part 2: Pexidartinib Only |
|---|---|---|
| TEAEs | 24 | 23 |
| Pexidartinib-related TEAEs | 16 | 20 |
| Treatment-emergent serious adverse events (SAEs) | 5 | 5 |
| Pexidartinib-related SAEs | 1 | 1 |
Plasma samples for pexidartinib and its metabolite were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 (±1) h after the first dose on Day 3, and at steady state when co-administered with midazolam and tolbutamide on Day 13.
| ng/mL | Part 1: Pexidartinib (Cycle 1, Day 1) | Part 1: Pexidartinib (Cycle 1, Day 11) |
|---|---|---|
| Pexidartinib | 3140 ± 1250 | 8320 ± 2530 |
| ZAAD-1006a | 3330 ± 1520 | 13500 ± 5980 |
Plasma samples for pexidartinib and its metabolite were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 (±1) h after the first dose on Day 3, and at steady state when co-administered with midazolam and tolbutamide on Day 13.
| hours | Part 1: Pexidartinib (Cycle 1, Day 1) | Part 1: Pexidartinib (Cycle 1, Day 11) |
|---|---|---|
| Pexidartinib | 2.03 (1.08 to 7.83) | 1.93 (0.92 to 8.03) |
| ZAAD-1006a | 6.04 (2.37 to 9.07) | 2.53 (0 to 8.25) |
Plasma samples for pexidartinib and its metabolite were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 (±1) h after the first dose on Day 3, and at steady state when co-administered with midazolam and tolbutamide on Day 13.
| ng*hour/mL | Part 1: Pexidartinib (Cycle 1, Day 1) | Part 1: Pexidartinib (Cycle 1, Day 11) |
|---|---|---|
| Pexidartinib | 14400 ± 5870 | 53200 ± 17800 |
| ZAAD-1006a | 18300 ± 7240 | 102000 ± 44100 |
Plasma samples for midazolam and 1-hydroxy midazolam were to be collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8 (±10 min up to 8 h), 10 (±2), 24 (±2), and 48 (±2) hours on Days 1 to 3 and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 to 5 and Days 13 to 15.
| ng/mL | Part 1: Midazolam Only | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Midazolam (Cycle 1, Day 1) | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Midazolam (Cycle 1, Day 11) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) for Midazolam Metabolite, 1-Hydroxy Midazolam | 49.7 ± 17.9 | 52.1 ± 17.4 | 55.7 ± 17.4 |
Plasma samples for midazolam and 1-hydroxy midazolam were to be collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8 (±10 min up to 8 h), 10 (±2), 24 (±2), and 48 (±2) hours on Days 1 to 3 and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 to 5 and Days 13 to 15.
| hours | Part 1: Midazolam Only | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Midazolam (Cycle 1, Day 1) | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Midazolam (Cycle 1, Day 11) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Time to Maximum Concentration (Tmax) for Midazolam Metabolite, 1-Hydroxy Midazolam | 1.0 (0.333 to 1.45) | 0.933 (0.417 to 1.37) | 0.833 (0.383 to 1.55) |
Plasma samples for midazolam and 1-hydroxy midazolam were to be collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8 (±10 min up to 8 h), 10 (±2), 24 (±2), and 48 (±2) hours on Days 1 to 3 and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 to 5 and Days 13 to 15.
| ng*hour/mL | Part 1: Midazolam Only | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Midazolam (Cycle 1, Day 1) | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Midazolam (Cycle 1, Day 11) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Area Under the Curve to the Last Observable Concentration (AUClast) for Midazolam Metabolite, 1-Hydroxy Midazolam | 200 ± 93 | 206 ± 95.5 | 212 ± 99.6 |
Plasma samples for midazolam were collected at predose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, and 48 hours (h) (±10 minutes up to 1 h, ±10% thereafter) on Days 1 to 3, and also when co-administered with pexidartinib on Days 3 (to 5) and Days 13 (to 15). Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters calculated for Midazolam metabolite. 1-hydroxy midazolam and midazolam for the MPR value.
| Ratio | Part 1: Midazolam Only | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Midazolam (Cycle 1, Day 1) | Part 1: Pexidartinib + Midazolam (Cycle 1, Day 11) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic Analysis: Metabolite to Parent Ratio (MPR) for Midazolam | 587 ± 359 | 750 ± 391 | 1220 ± 657 |
Collected over Adverse events were collected after first dose up to 28 days after the last dose of study drug, up to 1 year.. Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Part 1: Drug-drug Interaction Phase | 1/30 (3.3%) | 5/30 (16.7%) | 24/30 (80%) |
| Part 2: Pexidartinib Only | 0/25 (0%) | 5/25 (20%) | 23/25 (92%) |
| Event | Part 1: Drug-drug Interaction Phase | Part 2: Pexidartinib Only |
|---|---|---|
| Pericardial effusionCardiac disorders | 0/30 | 1/25 |
| Cardiac tamponadeCardiac disorders | 0/30 | 1/25 |
| OesophagitisGastrointestinal disorders | 0/30 | 1/25 |
| Gastrointestinal haemorrhageGastrointestinal disorders | 0/30 | 1/25 |
| CholestasisHepatobiliary disorders | 0/30 | 1/25 |
| PneumoniaImmune system disorders | 0/30 | 1/25 |
| Subdural haematomaInjury, poisoning and procedural complications | 0/30 | 1/25 |
| Chest wall haematomaMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | 0/30 | 1/25 |
| Malignant pleural effusionNeoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) | 0/30 | 1/25 |
| Malignant bowel obstructionGastrointestinal disorders | 1/30 | 0/25 |
| Event | Part 1: Drug-drug Interaction Phase | Part 2: Pexidartinib Only |
|---|---|---|
| Hair colour changesSkin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | 0/30 | 10/25 |
| FatigueGeneral disorders | 4/30 | 7/25 |
| White blood cell count decreasedInvestigations | 1/30 | 6/25 |
| AnemiaBlood and lymphatic system disorders | 5/30 | 4/25 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase increasedInvestigations | 5/30 | 1/25 |
| VomitingGastrointestinal disorders | 2/30 | 4/25 |
| Neutrophil count decreasedInvestigations | 0/30 | 4/25 |
| HypophosphataemiaMetabolism and nutrition disorders | 1/30 | 4/25 |
| Decreased appetiteMetabolism and nutrition disorders | 2/30 | 4/25 |
| DiarrheaGastrointestinal disorders | 4/30 | 0/25 |
| Age, Categorical(Participants) | All Participants |
|---|---|
| <=18 years | 2 |
| Between 18 and 65 years | 19 |
| >=65 years | 9 |
| Age, Continuous(years) | All Participants |
|---|---|
| Mean | 50.8 ± 19.3 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | All Participants |
|---|---|
| Female | 15 |
| Male | 15 |
| Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants) | All Participants |
|---|---|
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 |
| Asian | 5 |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 |
| Black or African American | 0 |
| White | 23 |
| More than one race | 0 |
| Unknown or Not Reported | 2 |
Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.
Plan to share: Yes — De-identified individual participant data (IPD) and applicable supporting clinical trial documents may be available upon request at https://vivli.org/. In cases where clinical trial data and supporting documents are provided pursuant to our company policies and procedures, Daiichi Sankyo will continue to protect the privacy of our clinical trial participants. Details on data sharing criteria and the procedure for requesting access can be found at this web address: https://vivli.org/ourmember/daiichi-sankyo/
Supporting information: Study protocol, Sap, Csr
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